The mine pool is under attack
this is mainly e to the 51% attack, because before some of the world's well-known mines, e to the low rate and convenient use, many miners went to those large mines to mine. As a result, the computing power of the mines soared, approaching or even exceeding 51% of the global computing power many times
bitcoin community has also raised a big discussion about 51% attack for many times,. The mine pool operators also called on the miners to move to other mines in a responsible manner, and finally 51% of the attacks were solved. Many of China's miners have moved to fish ponds
most of the new miners have joined the fish pond because they don't know about the global mine ponds, and many of the previous mines have died e to poor management
Mine pool refers to:
as the computing level of the whole bitcoin network continues to rise exponentially, a single device or a small amount of computing power can not get the block reward provided by the bitcoin network on the bitcoin network
after the computing power of the whole network has been improved to a certain extent, the low probability of getting rewards has prompted some geeks on "bitcoin talk" to develop a method that can combine a small amount of computing power and operate jointly, and the website established in this way is called "mine pool"
extended data:
the existence of the mine pool reces the difficulty of bitcoin and other virtual digital currency mining, reces the mining threshold, and truly realizes the bitcoin mining concept that everyone can participate in
but its disadvantages are also very obvious, because computing power is connected to the mine pool. As a mine pool, it will have huge computing power resources. In the bitcoin world, computing power represents the bookkeeping right, and computing power is everything. If the computing power of a single mine pool reaches more than 50%, it will be easy to launch 51% attacks against virtual digital currencies such as bitcoin, The consequences are very terrible:
the mine pool can make the mine pool with 49% of the remaining computing power have no harvest, instantly quit the competition and go bankrupt. The mine pool's computing power exceeds 50%. If 51% attack is launched, it will easily occupy all the effective computing power of the whole network
PPLNs: (the purest Group Mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)
in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income
PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks
in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day
do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck
175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks
bitcoin home has a detailed introction.
how to mine a mine pool
the location of a mine pool is also very particular. It's not that a mine pool can be built anywhere, but it needs early-stage capital investment. A mine pool is to combine a single mining machine together. Because of the collection of many miners' computing power, the computing power of the mine pool accounts for a large proportion, and the probability of digging bitcoin is higher. The mine pool will distribute rewards according to the contribution value of each equipment
there are many mines all over the world, and the scale of each mine varies from big to small. Generally, small mines no longer have great advantages. Large mines have many miners for mining. For each miner, he can join any mine or join multiple mines at the same time, The first task of the mine pool is to distribute the income to the miners
(1) PPLNs method
this method gathers the shares g by all miners together. Whenever a certain amount of shares is accumulated (generally 30 million shares), the mine pool will allocate the profits of the previous stage to the miners according to the proportion of contribution
in this way, the income of miners depends entirely on the time needed to dig 30 million shares in the mine pool. If you are lucky, you can dig them in a short time, then the income of miners will be more, otherwise it will be less. In return, the pool charges a 3% tax
(2) PPS mode
for users, the income of this mode is relatively stable
the profit mainly depends on the miner's mining speed. As long as the mining speed is stable, the corresponding profit can be obtained, and the profit is real-time, that is, the mine pool will pay the profit for the miner while the miner is running
obviously, every time a block is calculated, the mine pool has paid for all the miners. If the block fails in the subsequent confirmation link, all the losses will be paid by the pool operator. Therefore, this method reces the risk of the miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator
therefore, usually the ore pool can charge a handling fee to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks. In this mode, the tax of the ore pool is 7.5%
the above is about how to mine. The difficulty of mining has greatly increased, but the mining army is expanding. If the basic equipment does not meet the standard, it will be difficult to gain in the mining instry, because the value of the virtual currency may not be equal to the price of an equipment, and many miners are not just digging bitcoin, Instead, we choose other virtual currencies to mine.
if the server hardware is ready and working properly, use the ping command to check the network connectivity between other in use and available computers or routers (such as its default gateway) on the same network as the affected DNS server
many users like to use two screens, especially programmers, game players, video procers and so on. It can be said that the two screens display and the game work together. So what's the use of setting up al screen display or multi screen display? How to set up al or multi screen display? Here is a brief introction to its function and specific operation method
What are the advantages of al screen display (computer)
1. Large screen splicing
(splicing computer graphics, splicing dynamic video) projection wall; Command and dispatch systems for public security, military, railway, transportation, aerospace, posts and telecommunications, satellite launching, etc; Graphics and image editing, 3D animation, multimedia design; Process control in instrial field; Information display of securities trading, futures and banks; CAD / CAM design, typesetting editing system, video image editing
2. File editing:
when making planning documents, you should also refer to and search for relevant network information, so as to avoid data confusion caused by switching windows
3. Drawing editing:
when using the drawing software to design a case, the reference document window can be opened at the same time, and the desktop can also be extended to facilitate the processing of large-scale design draft proction, which does not overlap with the proofreading window
4. Film and television entertainment:
(1) watch Internet TV and browse the program introction of other channels at the same time, so that you can not miss the wonderful programs
(2) when playing online games, you can synchronously compare the secret skills of the game strategy< 5. Office:
(1) view large tables (such as Excel charts) across more than two screens
(2) to open multiple programs on the extended desktop space at the same time, there is no need to switch the windows frequently
(3) read the email and open the attachment file on other screens at the same time
6. Program design:
when writing a complex program, another window can view the program execution result screen at the same time to facilitate updating and modification
these are the advantages of al screen computers. Do you know something about al screen computers now? See small make up for everybody to enumerate is the advantage of double screen computer is a little bit excited? Let's take a look at how to set it<
1. Hardware requirements (take win10 system as an example)
1. The computer host must have any two-way output independent graphics interface of VGA / DVI / HDMI (generally supported by entry-level graphics card), as shown in the figure below:
2. Prepare any two VGA / DVI / HDMI cables, and the appearance diagram of the corresponding connection cable of the display output interface is as follows:
3. Two monitors, Support any two interfaces of VGA / DVI / HDMI (otherwise VGA converter connector is needed)
2. Operation steps of al screen
1. First, connect the external display and computer graphics card interface through any two cables of VGA / DVI / HDMI
2. After the connection is successful, enter the desktop of the computer system, right-click the blank space of the desktop, and select display settings
3. If the connection is successful, you can see that there are two displays
4. In the display interface, select expand these displays under multi display settings, and then the two displays can be displayed normally
5. If the line detection is OK and still can't be displayed, right-click the desktop and select NVIDIA control panel
6. Find [set multiple monitors], and then check the monitor we want to use<
3. Multi screen display method
hardware requirements:
in addition to supporting al screen hardware conditions, some computers need to enter BIOS settings to find relevant options. If it cannot be found, it means that the motherboard does not support it, please refer to the following operation
steps to enter BIOS:
1. Turn on the computer to enter BIOS, find the options of [devices] - VIDEO setup], and click enter
2. Select the select active video option and set it to IgD mode, and set the multi monitor support option to enabled mode
3. After setting, click F10 and select Yes to save
4. After restarting the operating system, right-click in the blank space of the desktop, find the integrated graphics card console program from the menu, and set the multi screen display.
It was reported on May 29 that recently, Vulcan team of 360 company found a series of high-risk security vulnerabilities in EOS, a blockchain platform. It is verified that some of the vulnerabilities can remotely execute arbitrary code on EOS nodes, that is, they can directly control and take over all nodes running on EOS through remote attacks
the hidden dangers of blockchain network security need to be paid attention to
EOS is a new blockchain platform known as "blockchain 3.0". At present, its token market value is as high as 69 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the global market value
in the blockchain network and digital currency system, nodes, wallets, mines, exchanges and smart contracts all have many attack surfaces. 360 security team has found and exposed several serious security vulnerabilities for digital currency nodes, wallets, mines and smart contracts
this time, the 360 security team found a series of new security vulnerabilities in the smart contract virtual machine of EOS platform, which is a series of unprecedented security risks. No security researchers have found such problems before. This type of security problem not only affects EOS, but also may affect other types of blockchain platforms and virtual currency applications
360 expressed the hope that through the discovery and disclosure of this vulnerability, the blockchain instry and security peers will pay more attention to the security of such issues, and jointly enhance the security of the blockchain network
content source: surging news