Miner packaging
rated speed: 440ggh / s
wall power consumption: 332w
number of chips: 32
chip process: 28nm
chip package size: 8mm × 8mm
mining speed: 13.75gh/s
compared with that of xinlongyuan power supply 1800W
wall power consumption 223.9
When bitcoin nodes connect with each other, they will get transactions they don't have from each other. But because bitcoin has accumulated a large number of transactions for a long time, it is very difficult for two nodes to compare which transactions you are missing / which transactions I am missing one by one
to solve this problem, Nakamoto Tsung invented the important technology of block chain. Nodes use blocks to synchronize transactions, which ensures the data consistency of all nodes, and ensures the uniqueness of the blockchain by competing for block packing rights (that is, mining)
① a block and blockchain
a packet formed by a transaction over a period of time is called a block. On average, bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, and each block is linked to the previous block to form a blockchain
② the transaction data is synchronized with the block as a unit
the block is numbered from 1, so after node a connects with node B, it is convenient to synchronize the transaction data as long as the block number height of both parties is checked. For example, if node A's own block height is 100 and node B's block height is 110, all it needs to do is request B to synchronize the 10 blocks 101-110<
③ reward for packed blocks
in order to ensure that there are nodes to pack bitcoin transactions, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes of packed transactions will receive bitcoin as reward
A. part of the package reward comes from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator (100-1000 transaction fee per KB)
B. the other part comes from the initial distribution of 21 million bitcoins. At the beginning, the reward is 50 bitcoins for each block. After that, the reward will be halved for every 210000 blocks (about four years). Until about 2140, the reward for each block is less than 1, and the total reward for each block is 21 million bitcoins, This is the source of the total amount of 21 million bitcoins (2099999.97690000 to be exact)
after 2140, the package reward will only come from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator<
④ competition for block packing right
node packing transaction only needs to consume very low-cost network and computing resources. The existence of packing reward (at present, the packing reward for each block is 25 bitcoin, about 40000 yuan), makes a large number of nodes want to pack transactions. In order to ensure the uniqueness of the blockchain, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes use a method similar to "coin tossing" to compete for the right of transaction packaging. Nodes constantly toss coins. Whoever first throws the results that meet the rules will get the right to pack the transaction in this block, as well as the package reward of this block
Mining needs high-end graphics card, just to solve the problem of high-end graphics card is not easy to sell
the water of virtual currency is very deep, and there are a lot of scams. It is suggested to pay attention to mainstream digital currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin, as well as application-oriented digital currencies on coin Ying China platform.
taking CPU as an example, the volume and appearance we actually see are not the size and appearance of the real CPU core, but the packaged procts of CPU core and other components
packaging is necessary and crucial for chips. Because the chip must be isolated from the outside world, in order to prevent impurities in the air from corroding the chip circuit and causing electrical performance degradation. On the other hand, the packaged chip is easier to install and transport. Because the quality of packaging technology also directly affects the performance of the chip itself and the PCB (printed circuit board) design and manufacturing, so it is very important. Package can also be said to refer to the shell used to install semiconctor integrated circuit chips. It not only plays the role of placing, fixing, sealing, protecting chips and enhancing thermal conctivity, but also serves as a bridge between the internal world of the chip and the external circuit. The contacts on the chip are connected to the pins of the package shell by wires, These pins are connected to other devices through wires on the printed circuit board. Therefore, for many IC procts, packaging technology is a very critical part<
at present, most of the CPU packages are packed with insulating plastic or ceramic materials, which can play a role in sealing and improving the electrothermal performance of the chip.