Introduction of ore pool
mining steps:
(1) Download bitcoin official client, click here to download bitcoin official client
(2) after installing the client, start the client, and the client will start to synchronize network data within 3 minutes after startup. Because bitcoin data is huge, it may take several hours (depending on network speed and computer performance). The picture shows the client synchronizing network data:
please make sure that your C disk has more than 10GB of free space. If the C disk is not enough, you need to set the data to D disk or e disk. Check the method of putting bitcoin packets to D disk
(3) if your client displays English and you are not good at English, You can set it to Chinese. Click here to see how to set the bitcoin client to Chinese.
(4) the client's synchronization of network data will not affect our mining. First, we get our account address and click the "collection address" button of the client. At this time, you will see a very long list of addresses, similar to your bitcoin account, The bitcoin account address is automatically generated and unique in the world
(5) your account is now 0.00 BTC, which means you don't have bitcoin yet, but you can start mining now. Download an easy-to-use mining software cgminer. Click here to download the bitcoin mining software cgminer (cgminer can dig bitcoin and most of the coins, But not all currency mining can use cgminer)
(6) you need to confirm your graphics card model, if it is NVIDIA graphics card, then you can directly mine, please skip this step. If it is an ATI graphics card, you need to install an AMD SDK package in addition to cgminer. Click here to download the AMD SDK installation package
(7) cgminer is an English interface, but it does not affect a rookie to use it. Please unzip the downloaded cgminer to anywhere on your computer, and then enter the cgminer folder
(8) in the cgminer folder, create a new text file (txt) and write the content code as:
cgminer - O http://pool.btc38.com : 9332 - U XXXXXX - P btc38
change the above XXXXXX to the account address of your BTC wallet (get your address according to section 4 of this tutorial), After filling in, it is shown in the figure:
Xiaobian has configured the mine pool and port for you in the above code (the mine pool is a completely free mine pool provided by bitage). If you want to use other mine pools and ports in the future, please modify the mine pool URL and port by yourself
(9) change the. TXT suffix of the newly created TXT text file to. Bat suffix (if you compare dishes, the suffix will not be displayed at the back of the text file and the file name suffix will not be changed, please click here). After modification, the file is as shown in the figure:
(10) then double-click the run.bat file above to start mining. For example, if you get 0.001 bitcoin, it will be stored in the BTC address you fill in. (because BTC mining is very difficult at this stage, you may have to wait for a whole day to get BTC revenue. When mining, there may be some cards on the computer screen, because most of the resources of the graphics card are occupied.). (11) you may also want to know how to understand the mining interface. The figure below mainly indicates your speed and status:
note: in fact, the number of users of bitcoin mining is very large, and the output of bitcoin every 10 minutes is very limited, so mining is very difficult, If you have a powerful graphics card, there will be certain benefits. If your graphics card is not good, it may take you n hours to get a little bit of bitcoin. This tutorial is written by Xiaotian, editor of bitage (btc38. Com). The purpose is to let you get started and experience bitcoin. If you want to get better benefits through mining, You need to learn more about bitcoin pools and bitcoin mining strategies
4. Bitcoin mining pool
as mentioned above, the number of users of bitcoin mining is very large, and the output of bitcoin every 10 minutes is very limited, resulting in the situation that tens of millions of people scramble for a block. Therefore, if you use personal computers to mine alone, you may not be able to grab a block in a whole year, People have come up with a team mining method. The so-called team mining is the mining pool that we are going to talk about now
the mine pool is a server designed through a specific algorithm. All users connected to the mine pool server will form a team to mine. Although the performance of personal computers is small, the overall performance of thousands of people will become very powerful. In this case, the success rate of mining will be greatly improved, Once the team in the mine successfully creates a block, then all the team members will pay dividends according to the performance of each person's computer. For example, 1000 people are mining in the same mine pool. After digging out a block, the reward of n bitcoins generated by the block will be distributed according to the computer performance of the 1000 people. If your computer performance is strong, it may get 1 in 100; if the performance is backward, it may get 1 in 10000
in this case, the developer of the mine pool will generally charge 1% ~ 3% of the fee for each user as a handling fee, but because this method makes it more stable for everyone to get bitcoin, almost everyone will choose to mine in the mine pool instead of mining alone
as mentioned in the mining tutorial above, the mine pool provided free of charge in the bit age adopts the P2P technology architecture and does not charge any fees to users. It is one of the mainstream mine pools. In addition, there are BTC guild and deepbit, which are also very popular. Although the design of each mine pool is not the same, but the use method is basically the same and simple, so this tutorial will not do further description, you can explore by yourself. Even though Xiaobian has configured the mine pool and port provided by bit era for you by default in the previous tutorial, in order to let you have a deeper understanding of the mine pool, here are several mainstream mine pools for you to choose:
bit mine pool (free, recommended by Xiaobian) | bitcoin.cz (suitable for novices) | BTC Guide (the oldest brand) | deepbit (stable and efficient) | f2pool (domestic)
there are some points for attention in account setting. It is suggested to set a common account in e-mail
then there is the most important miner account setting. Miner obviously refers to CPU or GPU. You need to set an account for each CPU or GPU. Suppose you have two hd7990, you need to set four different accounts for four GPUs
after the account registration, it's time to take the second step. Download the bitcoin miner. Here we recommend the small and easy-to-use guiminer, which can support CPU, oepncl, CUDA and other computing modes. Your CPU and graphics card can achieve maximum performance
guiminer, a bitcoin miner, still needs to make certain settings. After the interface is changed to Chinese, it will be very simple
if the setting is correct, click the "start mining" button, the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, and you can also monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver
the computing power displayed by guiminer is only a theoretical value. To know the actual output of bitcoin, you need to log in to the mine pool website, btcguild, to monitor your account information
now let's assume that you have g up several bitcoins, which naturally exist in btcguild, a foreigner's website. They can't be traded or converted into paper money for the time being
the functions provided by bitcoin China trading platform are clear at a glance, and you can understand them as soon as you read them, so you don't need to introce them any more. After you register, you can study them slowly
click the "bitcoin recharge" function of bitcoin China trading platform, and the system will provide you with a one-time bitcoin digital wallet address. This address can only be recharged once (for security reasons of the platform). After successful recharge, it will be invalid, and then the system will provide you with another address. Remember to update the wallet address in time every time, Otherwise, it will lead to recharge failure or loss
OK, now we import bitcoin from foreign websites into bitcoin China website, and it's up to you to deal with it. Keep it for appreciation, listing and selling, and exchange it for RMB. Specific how to operate, this Chinese website is easy to operate, we slowly study it
finally, let's talk about the equipment used in the bitcoin mining test. At first, I thought it was just an ordinary hd7870, but its computing power was much better than that of the ordinary hd7870. The key is that guiminer recognized it as the Tahiti core, which is the only core of hd7900 series. Looking at gpu-z, the card originally had as many as 1536 stream processors, Generally, the hd7870 of Pitcairn core has only 1280 stream processors. No wonder Dylan's graphics card has super computing power
for friends who hang up for a long time, performance is not the most important, and stability is the most important.
PPLNs: (the purest Group Mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)
in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income
PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks
in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day
do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck
175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks
bitcoin home has a detailed introction.
Step 1: prepare mining machines and pools
if you want to dig bitcoin, you must prepare professional equipment. At present, there are many professional mining machines on the market, and the pool is also essential. When you choose a pool, you should also compare the output and income gap of each pool, and then choose the most suitable one
Step 2: register and set the mine account
after the mine is ready, register the mine account and set a common email. When setting the mine account, each CPU or GPU needs to set a mine account
Step 3: download the bitcoin miner
after you register and set up your account, you need to download the bitcoin miner. When downloading the miner, be sure to choose the miner that can make your CPU and graphics card play the most function. After downloading, set the server, user name, password, device and so on
Step 4: Mining
after setting up the miner, click the "start mining" button, the miner will enter the state of full speed operation, and the miner will start mining automatically.
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply 
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
if the server hardware is ready and working properly, use the ping command to check the network connectivity between other in use and available computers or routers (such as its default gateway) on the same network as the affected DNS server
many users like to use two screens, especially programmers, game players, video procers and so on. It can be said that the two screens display and the game work together. So what's the use of setting up al screen display or multi screen display? How to set up al or multi screen display? Here is a brief introction to its function and specific operation method
What are the advantages of al screen display (computer)
1. Large screen splicing
(splicing computer graphics, splicing dynamic video) projection wall; Command and dispatch systems for public security, military, railway, transportation, aerospace, posts and telecommunications, satellite launching, etc; Graphics and image editing, 3D animation, multimedia design; Process control in instrial field; Information display of securities trading, futures and banks; CAD / CAM design, typesetting editing system, video image editing
2. File editing:
when making planning documents, you should also refer to and search for relevant network information, so as to avoid data confusion caused by switching windows
3. Drawing editing:
when using the drawing software to design a case, the reference document window can be opened at the same time, and the desktop can also be extended to facilitate the processing of large-scale design draft proction, which does not overlap with the proofreading window
4. Film and television entertainment:
(1) watch Internet TV and browse the program introction of other channels at the same time, so that you can not miss the wonderful programs
(2) when playing online games, you can synchronously compare the secret skills of the game strategy< 5. Office:
(1) view large tables (such as Excel charts) across more than two screens
(2) to open multiple programs on the extended desktop space at the same time, there is no need to switch the windows frequently
(3) read the email and open the attachment file on other screens at the same time
6. Program design:
when writing a complex program, another window can view the program execution result screen at the same time to facilitate updating and modification
these are the advantages of al screen computers. Do you know something about al screen computers now? See small make up for everybody to enumerate is the advantage of double screen computer is a little bit excited? Let's take a look at how to set it<
1. Hardware requirements (take win10 system as an example)
1. The computer host must have any two-way output independent graphics interface of VGA / DVI / HDMI (generally supported by entry-level graphics card), as shown in the figure below:
2. Prepare any two VGA / DVI / HDMI cables, and the appearance diagram of the corresponding connection cable of the display output interface is as follows:
3. Two monitors, Support any two interfaces of VGA / DVI / HDMI (otherwise VGA converter connector is needed)
2. Operation steps of al screen
1. First, connect the external display and computer graphics card interface through any two cables of VGA / DVI / HDMI
2. After the connection is successful, enter the desktop of the computer system, right-click the blank space of the desktop, and select display settings
3. If the connection is successful, you can see that there are two displays
4. In the display interface, select expand these displays under multi display settings, and then the two displays can be displayed normally
5. If the line detection is OK and still can't be displayed, right-click the desktop and select NVIDIA control panel
6. Find [set multiple monitors], and then check the monitor we want to use<
3. Multi screen display method
hardware requirements:
in addition to supporting al screen hardware conditions, some computers need to enter BIOS settings to find relevant options. If it cannot be found, it means that the motherboard does not support it, please refer to the following operation
steps to enter BIOS:
1. Turn on the computer to enter BIOS, find the options of [devices] - VIDEO setup], and click enter
2. Select the select active video option and set it to IgD mode, and set the multi monitor support option to enabled mode
3. After setting, click F10 and select Yes to save
4. After restarting the operating system, right-click in the blank space of the desktop, find the integrated graphics card console program from the menu, and set the multi screen display.