Back door of miner

1.

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

More importantly, if a "calculator manufacturer" monopolizes the calculator market, it can also deliberately proce this kind of calculator with errors to change the mathematical rules

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

After

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

Then, what measures should we take in the face of this situation

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com

2.

First of all, the answer: Linux system has more advantages than windows

The main advantages of

are as follows:

< UL >

operation is relatively more stable and maintenance is more convenient

the cost of system resources is small (that is, the hardware requirements are not high), and the mining cost is saved

the installation and debugging are simple, and the technical threshold is lower

fully open source system, free legal edition, more stable and further save mining cost? In fact, you only need two steps to mine under Linux system:

< UL >

open the website, enter the mobile phone number, select how many CPUs you want to use to mine, the default is to use 50% of the CPU to mine, click to generate your exclusive command and

is such a simple operation

3. Fishbone mining is an old mining method, which is to dig a mine (2 or 3 grids high), and then open a new mine every 2 grids. This way, the efficiency is very slow, but each of these layers will not be missed

4. Road 1: Jingting East Gate → Guoxin community East Gate

(18 stations, 9 online vehicles, 7 km in total, One way 37 points)

Jingting Shandong gate → textile factory dormitory → Xuan distillery → fertilizer factory → Triangle Garden → Beimen salt depot → Huayuan intersection → mining machinery factory → No.3 middle school → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable farm → post office building → business capital → No.1 kindergarten → District Ecation Bureau → Fushan Guangchang → fenghuangqiao → railway station → Lijing garden → National Taxation Bureau → gas station → Chengdong new village → Bailin· Yangjianggangwan → east gate of Guoxin community

NO.2: old bus station → Jingtingshan resort

(23 stations, 14 online vehicles, 9 km in total, One way 30 minutes)

old bus station → east gate of Xuanzhou market → railway station → Lijing garden → Municipal State Taxation Bureau → four treasures market of study → Jiuzhou community → Aofeng Park → municipal government → Xuancheng Hotel → long distance bus station → intersection of Meiyuan New Village → Dongfang Runyuan (Xilin Second Village) → electric power new village → gymnasium → No.4 Middle School → Feicai office → Shibanqiao neighborhood committee → Shuangjin plastics → Traffic engineering quality inspection station → armed police detachment → Information Engineering School (Municipal Vocational Ecation Center) → Century Resort → Jingtingshan resort

Road 3: Lujin village committee → Xuanzhou Economic Development Zone (North District)

(37 stations, 20 online vehicles, 15 km in total, One way 45 points)

Lujin village committee → Nanyang bathing beach → No.12 Middle School → geological team → No.2 Middle School → Highway Bureau → Xuancheng Hotel → Zhuangyuan villa → No.1 kindergarten → District Ecation Bureau → Central Hospital → old cross street → Kaiyuan community → Dongmen bridge → back door of Kaiyuan community → dongtouwan vegetable market → bieshiqiao → beicaishi Lane → No.6 primary school → beimenzhakou → Triangle Garden → fertilizer plant → Xuanjiu distillery → textile factory dormitory → Shandong gate of Jingting → Linchang village → meat factory → paper mill dormitory → Beimen oil depot → Haitangwan → miaobu → xiangkouqiao gas station → xiangkouqiao village committee → Zhangtan village → zhongchu grain depot → sierte company → east gate of sierte → Xuanzhou Economic Development Zone (North District)

Route 4: Shandong gate of Jingting → old bus station

(29 stations, There are 13 on-line vehicles, 8 km in total, One way 30 points)

Jingting Shandong gate → No.5 Middle School → martyr cemetery → home for the elderly → Shengyu Lake → Sunshine Middle School → Sijia garden → Huayuan village committee → Red Star auditorium → District Court → District Transportation Bureau → Tongren Hospital → yiliqiao → Kangle villa → Xilin vegetable farm → Qinyuan community → Shiliu middle school → Guoyuan securities → Zhuangyuan villa → Xuancheng Hotel → Shier primary school → Xuangang intersection Xuancheng daily → Renjie hospital → Xiangyang intersection → Jiuzhou market → Jiuzhou fruit market → east gate of Xuanzhou market → old bus station

route 5: Crocodile Lake → Shandong gate of Jingting

(28 stations, 12 online vehicles, 10.5km in total, One way 40 points)

Crocodile Lake → Xia → psychiatric hospital → Huayuan village → Wujia village → Meteorological Bureau → crocodile City Garden → Xuangang intersection → No.2 primary school → Xuancheng Hotel → municipal government → Aofeng vegetable market → baoxinniao (No.4 primary school) → Central Hospital → old cross street → Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine → Zhuangyuan house → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable market → jingtingyuan → Sunshine Community → Sijia garden → Municipal Culture Center → City Court (North Gate) (Shengshi Huating) → Shengyu Lake → martyrs' cemetery → No.5 Middle School → Jingting Shandong gate

Route 6: Jingting Shandong gate → Xuancheng Baihui

(37 stations, 20 online vehicles, 11.7 km in total, One way 40 points)

Jingting Shandong gate → No.5 Middle School → martyr cemetery → home for the elderly → Shengyu Lake → Sijia garden → Huayuan village committee → Red Star auditorium → District Court → wending middle school → Kangle villa → Jingting garden → Xilin vegetable farm → post office building → commercial capital → No.1 kindergarten → District Ecation Bureau → baoxiniao (No.4 primary school) → municipal talent market → Aofeng Park → Jiuzhou community → Jiuzhou market → Jiuzhou fruit market → Xuanzhou Market East Gate → Sanliqiao → Bazhong → copper molybdenum mine dormitory → building materials market → Dongxi Bridge West → bamboo market → Dongxi Bridge East → Yangcun (Pengcun intersection) → yangzui village → Niwan intersection → Hongqiao intersection → No.2 vocational high school → Xuancheng Baihui

No.7: railway station → Wangchenggang

(there are 18 online vehicles at 26 stations, The whole line is 11.9 km, One way 40 points)

railway station → east gate of Xuanzhou market → old bus station → north gate of Xuanzhou market → Kaiyuan community → traditional Chinese medicine hospital → zhuangyuanfu → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable farm → postal building → District Public Security Bureau → PICC → intersection of Meiyuan New village → Dongfang Runyuan (Xilin No.2 Village) → power new village → people's Hospital → Feicai South Gate → transportation management office → Southern Auto Trade → new village Hecheng pharmaceutical instry → Lianxi village → Jiale rice instry → sankeshu → guilinggang → west entrance of Expressway → Wangchenggang

route 8: railway station → vocational and technical college

(there are 10 Online vehicles at 20 stations, 8.5km in total, One way 35 minutes)

railway station → Fenghuang bridge → Fushan square → District Ecation Bureau → No.1 kindergarten → Zhuangyuan villa → Xuancheng Hotel → long distance bus station → Meiyuan New Village → Meiyuan Road intersection → radio and Television Center → yinqiaowan → Xida community → Hongyun Avenue → Tiejia Lane → lujinqiao → lujinpu → Ping'an gas center → vocational and technical college

No.9 : zhuangyuanfu → Tianhu office

(there are 13 online vehicles at 27 stations, with a total length of 18.5 km, One way 55 points)

zhuangyuanfu → shiliuzhong → Guoyuan securities → zhuangyuanshanzhuang → mobile company → Guoyuan insurance → Meiyuan Xincun intersection → Meiyuan Road intersection → radio and Television Center → yinqiaowan → bus company (under construction) → Maisha square → feicui city → Hongyue Avenue intersection → Lefang food → Jiale rice instry → sankeshu → guilinggang → west entrance of Expressway → Wangchenggang → Zhaocun Intersection → Changqiao intersection → Tangcun intersection → Juntianhu intersection → Yinhe sanitary ware → Tianhu new street → Huawei Group

No.10: Jinba office → old bus station

Jinba office → Sanhe intersection → original technical school intersection → Jinba police station → Shuangfeng Village Committee → vehicle management office → Shuangpai village → huangmenkou → tangcunqiao → Xuancheng welfare home → guihuayuan → municipal disease control Center → vocational and technical college → Ping'an gas center → lvjinpu → lvjinqiao → tiejiaxiang → Zhaoting South Road intersection → Jiutong road of houchong village → Meiyuan New Village → long distance bus station → Xuancheng Hotel → municipal government → talent market → baoxinniao (No.4 primary school) → Fushan square → Fenghuang bridge → east gate of Xuanzhou Market → old bus station

note: the first bus is at 6:00 and the last bus is at 6:00 Interval: 19:30 (including the last bus time of No.9 and No.10: 18:30)
interval of each bus: 5-8 minutes (interval of No.9 bus: 10 minutes, interval of No.10 bus: 12 minutes)

night line: Guoxin community → Shandong gate of Jingting

(first bus time: 19:40, last bus time: 22:00)
(3 on-line vehicles, 40 minutes one way, The interval is about 25 minutes)

Guoxin community → Bailin Yangjiang harbor → Chengdong new village → National Taxation Bureau → railway station → Jiuzhou Avenue → Xuancheng middle school → municipal government → (Zhuangyuan Villa) business capital → District Ecation Committee → Central Hospital → old cross street → Municipal Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine → Muslim guest house → Municipal People's Hospital → Xilin vegetable market → jingtingyuan → Sunshine Community → Sijia garden → Shengyu Lake → Jingting Shandong gate

5. This post was finally edited by ahsi at 22:11, May 11, 2012

Xuancheng City bus line details

No.1 road
Jingting Shandong gate → railway station (18 stations, 9 online vehicles, 7 km of the whole line, One way 30 minutes)
Jingting Shandong gate → textile factory dormitory → Xuan distillery → chemical fertilizer plant → Triangle Garden → North Gate salt depot → Huayuan intersection → mining machinery factory → No.3 middle school → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable farm → postal building → business capital → No.1 kindergarten → Lijing International (District Ecation Bureau) → Fushan square → Fenghuang bridge → railway station

No.2 road
old bus station → Jingting Shan Fake Village (23 stations, 14 online vehicles, 9 km in total), One way 30 minutes)
old bus station → east gate of Xuanzhou market → railway station → Lijing garden → Municipal State Taxation Bureau → four treasures market of study → Jiuzhou community → Aofeng Park → municipal government → Xuancheng Hotel → long distance bus station → intersection of Meiyuan New Village → Dongfang Runyuan (Xilin No.2 Village) → electric power new village → gymnasium → No.4 Middle School → Feicai office → Shibanqiao neighborhood committee → Shuangjin plastic instry → transportation Project quality inspection station → Lantian cable factory → Century Resort → Jingtingshan resort

No.3 road
Lujin village committee → Xuanzhou Economic Development Zone (North District) (38 stations, 20 online vehicles, 15 km in total, One way 45 points)
Lujin village committee → Nanyang bathing beach → No.12 Middle School → geological team → No.2 Middle School → Highway Bureau → Xuancheng Hotel → Zhuangyuan villa → No.1 kindergarten → Lijing International (District Ecation Bureau) → Central Hospital → old cross street → Kaiyuan community → Dongmen bridge → back door of Kaiyuan District → dongtouwan vegetable market → bieshiqiao → beicaishi Lane → No.6 primary school → north gate → Triangle Garden → Chemical fertilizer plant → Xuan distillery → textile factory dormitory → Shandong gate of Jingting → Linchang village → meat factory → paper mill dormitory → Beimen oil depot → Haitangwan → miaobu → xiangkouqiao gas station → xiangkouqiao village committee → Zhangtan village → zhongchu grain depot → sierte company → east gate of sierte → Xuanzhou Economic Development Zone (North District)

No.4 road
Shandong gate of Jingting → old bus station (29 stations), There are 13 on-line vehicles, 8 km in total, One way 30 points)
Jingting Shandong gate → No.5 Middle School → martyr cemetery → home for the elderly → Shengyu Lake → Sunshine Middle School → Sijia garden → Huayuan village committee → Red Star auditorium → District Court → District Transportation Bureau → Tongren Hospital → yiliqiao → Kangle villa → Xilin vegetable farm → Qinyuan community → Shiliu middle school → Guoyuan securities → Zhuangyuan villa → Xuancheng Hotel → Shier primary school → Xuangang intersection → Xuancheng daily → Renjie hospital → Xiangyang intersection → Jiuzhou market → Jiuzhou fruit market → east gate of Xuanzhou market → old bus station

No.5 road
Crocodile Lake → Shandong gate of Jingting (28 stations, 12 online vehicles, 10.5km in total line), One way 40 points)
Crocodile Lake → Xia → psychiatric hospital → Huayuan village → Wujia village → Meteorological Bureau → crocodile City Garden → Xuangang intersection → No.2 primary school → Xuancheng Hotel → municipal government → Aofeng vegetable market → baoxinniao (No.4 primary school) → Central Hospital → old cross street → traditional Chinese Medicine hospital → Zhuangyuan mansion → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable market → jingtingyuan → Sunshine Community → Sijia garden → women's activity center → City Court → Shengyu Lake → martyrs cemetery → No.5 Middle School → Jingting Shandong gate

No.6 road
Jingting Shandong gate → Shuangqiao Trident Road (37 stations, 20 online vehicles, 11.7 km in total), One way 40 points)
Jingting Shandong gate → No.5 Middle School → martyrs' cemetery → home for the elderly → Shengyu Lake → Sijia garden → Huayuan village committee → Red Star auditorium → District Court → wending middle school → Kangle villa → Jingting garden → Xilin vegetable farm → post office building → business capital → first kindergarten → Lijing International (District Ecation Bureau) → baoxinniao (No.4 primary school) → municipal talent market → Aofeng Park → Jiulin garden Jiuzhou District → Jiuzhou market → Jiuzhou fruit market → Xuanzhou Market East Gate → Sanliqiao → Bazhong → Tongmo mine dormitory → building materials market → Dongxi Bridge West → Zhumu market → Dongxi Bridge East → Yangcun (Pengcun intersection) → yangzui village → Niwan intersection → Hongqiao intersection → Shier vocational high school → Shuangqiao trigeminal intersection

No.7 road
railway station → Wangchenggang (26 stations, 18 on-line vehicles, The whole line is 11.9 km, One way 40 points)
railway station → east gate of Xuanzhou market → old bus station → north gate of Xuanzhou market → Kaiyuan community → traditional Chinese medicine hospital → zhuangyuanfu → people's Hospital → Xilin vegetable farm → postal building → District Public Security Bureau → Guoyuan insurance (PICC) → Meiyuan New Village intersection → Dongfang Runyuan (Xilin No.2 Village) → Diandian new village → Friendship Hospital → Feicai South Gate → transportation management office → Xuancheng Forum → XinHeCheng pharmaceutical instry → Lianxi village → Jiale rice instry → sankeshu → guilinggang → west entrance of Expressway → Wangchenggang

No.8 railway station → vocational and Technical College, One way 35 minutes)
railway station → Fenghuang bridge → Fushan square → Lijing International (District Ecation Bureau) → first kindergarten → Zhuangyuan villa → Xuancheng Hotel → long distance bus station → Meiyuan New Village → Meiyuan Road intersection → east gate of radio and Television Center → Xinglong Road intersection → Xida community → Hongyue Avenue → Tiejia Lane → lujinqiao → lujinpu → pinganjia gas station ? vocational and technical college

No.9 road
Tianhu Huawei Group zhuangyuanfu (28 stations, 14 online vehicles, 18.5km in total), One way 55 minutes)
Tianhu · Huawei Group → Tianhu new street → Yinhe sanitary ware → Juntianhu intersection → Tangcun intersection → Changqiao intersection → Zhaocun intersection → Wangchenggang → west entrance of Expressway → guilinggang → sankeshu → Jiale rice instry → Lefang food → jianshan Road intersection → feicui city → Maisha square → bus company (under construction) yinqiaowan → radio and Television Center → Meiyuan Road intersection → Meiyuan New Street Village → Meiyuan Xincun intersection → Guoyuan insurance → mobile company → Zhuangyuan villa → Guoyuan securities → Shiliu middle school → Zhuangyuan Fu

No.10 road
Jinba Office - old bus station (30 stations, 12 online vehicles, 15.5km in total line), One way 50 minutes)
Jinba office → Sanhe fork → original technical school fork → Jinba police station → Shuangfeng Village Committee → vehicle management office → Shuangpai village → huangmenkou → Tangcun bridge → Xuancheng welfare home → Guihua garden → Municipal Center for Disease Control → vocational and technical college → Ping'an gas center → lujinpu → lujinqiao → Tiejia Lane → Zhaoting South Road intersection → houchong village → Jiutong road → → → Meiyuan New Village → long distance bus station → Xuancheng Hotel → municipal government → talent market → baoxiniao (fourth primary school) → Fushan square → Fenghuang bridge → east gate of Xuanzhou market → old bus station

note: the first bus departs at 6:00, the last bus departs at 18:30, and the interval of each bus is 5-8 minutes

6. Memory mole adopts al channel or four channel mode!