Working in a mine
Publish: 2021-04-15 04:42:07
1.
In the discussion of blockchain, bitcoin and other digital currencies, we often hear the word "bifurcation". So what is bifurcation? What is the effect of bifurcation
blockchain
before talking about bifurcation, popularize a little knowledge of blockchain, so as to help us understand what bifurcation is more easily (if you don't have any concept of blockchain, please read my previous articles, which are all popular words to help you understand what blockchain is)
blockchain, as the name suggests, is a chain composed of blocks. Of course, this kind of chain is just a figurative metaphor. To put it bluntly, data blocks are connected orderly. In bitcoin, the transaction records of bitcoin are stored in the block. The size of the block and the space occupied by the transaction records determine how many transactions can be stored in a block. These transaction records are packaged into blocks, and then the blocks are connected one by one to form a blockchain
We know that bitcoin software, like other software, needs to be updated and modified regularly in order to make it better. So a new version will appear, but not everyone will download the new version, so one miner will run the old version, and some will run the new version. If the old and new versions are not compatible, the blockchain will bifurcate. Because there may be differences between the version blocks and the old version blocks, they cannot be connected to the same blockchain, so there will be two or even more chains, which is called bifurcation
soft forking
soft forking refers to that when the new consensus rules are released, nodes that have not been upgraded will proce illegal blocks because they do not know the new consensus rules, resulting in temporary forking. This kind of bifurcation will be graally repaired with the upgrading of nodes
hard fork
hard fork refers to the permanent divergence of the blockchain. After the release of the new consensus rules, some nodes that have not been upgraded cannot verify the blocks proced by the upgraded nodes, and usually hard fork occurs. Therefore, in the field of digital currency, hard bifurcation often leads to the emergence of new currencies. For example, the hard bifurcation of Ethereum led to the emergence of eth
What is bifurcation? What is bitcoin bifurcation2. The main reason is that the distribution mode of bitcoin is different: according to the operation mode, the common bitcoin pools are as follows: PPLNs, PPS, DGM, P2P ool, etc.
PPLNs: (the purest Group mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)
in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income
PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks
in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day
do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck
175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks
bitcoin home has a detailed introction.
PPLNs: (the purest Group mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)
in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income
PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks
in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day
do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck
175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks
bitcoin home has a detailed introction.
3. The simple understanding is as follows: PPS means that the gold you dig is stored in the mine pool, and then transferred to your wallet after a certain amount. The handling charge is relatively high. PPLNs is generally more common in p2pool. When you dig the mine, it is directly stored in your wallet, and there is no handling charge. At present, the popular one is p2pool, which is relatively safe at present, and it is also highly praised by foreign heroes,
4. Now it's more and more difficult to dig, but now we are digging together. We can dig in the mine pool every day. It's about 0.0023. According to the current currency price, if there is cheap electricity, it's OK
5. With a mining license, you can be your own boss.
6. In online games, legal tender is game currency. All transactions of game players in the game should be completed through game currency. The role of the game company is the equivalent of the government, or, to be more exaggerated, the equivalent of God
game companies can control the economy in the game by controlling the generation of game currency (the rate of losing treasure). So, are game companies really omnipotent? The answer is No. what do game companies fear most
it is the offline transaction of players. After the players meet, they trade in RMB. I will give you money and you will give me the best equipment. In this way, they can directly skip the monitoring of the game company and affect the economic balance of the whole game
this is the reason why many online games prohibit players from trading offline, and even the game props can't be given away at all, because they are afraid that RMB trading will damage the economic system in the game
when playing the game, all players understand that the money, gold coins, diamonds, gemstones and so on in the game are essentially fake money. What is real money? It's RMB
you can only use RMB to exchange the currency in the game. The currency in the game can never be converted into RMB
you only need to understand this logic, and then replace the game company with the government
you can easily understand the essence of bitcoin. Whether it's US dollar, pound sterling or RMB, it's all issued by governments, and the government is equivalent to a game company
as long as you survive in this country, all your transactions should be completed through legal tender. However, the emergence of bitcoin is equivalent to "player offline trading". You can bypass the government and freely switch property among various countries. In the logic of bitcoin, US dollar, pound sterling and RMB become fake currencies, while bitcoin becomes real currency
the reason why bitcoin can become a real currency is that it is non renewable. There are only 21 million bitcoins, which will disappear after digging. Bitcoin, like gold, is non renewable. Whether you believe it or not, at least its logic is self consistent
but the currencies of different countries are different. As long as the government feels that it is short of money and turns on the banknote printing machine, it will be able to run full power for printing
this leads to inflation. I don't need to say anything about inflation. Comparing prices 20 years ago, 10 years ago and today, I believe everyone has his own understanding of inflation. In China, it is self-evident how much house prices have soared in the past two decades
many people buy a house not because they don't have a house to live in, but to fight against inflation. Ten thousand yuan to buy financial procts, ten years later, it will become twenty thousand yuan; Ten thousand to buy a house of one square meter, ten years later, it will become 100000 yuan
"house" was essentially "real currency" and "hard currency" before the emergence of bitcoin. The rich buy a lot of real estate to fight against inflation, but the house also has its disadvantages: first, if you really commit a crime,
the house can't be taken in your pocket, and the government should check and seal it, so there are still many risks; Second, a large number of houses are often difficult to sell, and the transaction takes a long period of time; Third, even if the house is sold, a lot of cash can not be transferred overseas. The emergence of bitcoin just perfectly solves these problems
bitcoin is installed in the hard disk. As long as you remember the password, there will be no one to check where you get it, and someone can't seal it (unless you rob your hard disk). Any fixed assets, cash need time cycle, bitcoin do not use, this second order, the next second cash to the account. Transfer assets overseas
is that true? Bitcoin was designed to bypass the monitoring of the national government and transfer assets perfectly and efficiently. Why do most ordinary people think bitcoin is useless, or even can't think of any use? Very simply,
poverty limits our imagination. As a small white-collar who works hard and earns money all his life, what assets need to be transferred? Estate tax? What's more, it's ridiculous. When people die, they just kick their legs. They never think about the need to avoid taxes on inheritance, but it's different for the rich
suppose that the inheritance tax of a certain country is 50%. Once the rich man dies, his son can only get half of his assets. However, if the rich man changes all his assets into bitcoin and gives his son the password hard disk, he will perfectly inherit it, and the government will not be able to collect any tax
(of course, this is only an ideal situation. In fact, it may not be perfect for tax avoidance, but it is still very enlightening). In addition, for law-abiding citizens, there is no risk of bankruptcy and home hunting
but for some of the top rich, they may not care about the amount of assets, but they are very concerned about the safety of assets. It's acceptable for a rich man with a fortune of 1 billion to lose 500 million in business. But what if he was robbed of his family for some inconvenient reasons? He can't accept direct bankruptcy
at this time, if he holds bitcoin, he will never be bankrupt, and no one can his bitcoin. At least we can leave some capital to make a comeback, or leave a way for future generations“ "Asset security" is what the top rich care about most, not more money but less security. To say that bitcoin can fight inflation caused by the government's printing money indiscriminately is just a good cover at this stage
only those in real need can know the real value of bitcoin and figure out its essence The ancients said: Chunjiang water warm ck prophet) this is also the most perfect function of bitcoin, which is recognized by a group of rich and anxious rich people all over the world, who are no longer willing to be controlled by the government,
or have their own blemishes in all aspects. They have reached a consensus by using bitcoin to maintain the security of their own assets by holding bitcoin together
therefore, bitcoin was not designed for the poor at first. When all living beings can understand the purpose of bitcoin, the price will not be affordable to the poor
some common mistakes about bitcoin: Q: isn't bitcoin really a Ponzi scheme? A: bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme needs to use the money of later generations to supplement the investors in front, and it is in the shape of a pyramid
bitcoin can be bought and sold freely, with ups and downs. If you don't buy or sell bitcoin, you can maintain the original price, which is similar to stocks. A stock can drop 90%, or even drop to delisting, can you simply say that the stock is a fraud
Q: does it make sense that bitcoin consumes a lot of power? A: it takes a lot of manpower and material resources to dig gold. What's the significance of digging gold? The power consumption of bitcoin is the same as the essence of gold mining, which expresses the recognition of its monetary attribute and its value. Q: bitcoin has no government recognition, so it has no value
also has no monetary attribute. A: the original intention of bitcoin is to fight against the government. It doesn't care whether it is recognized by the government or not. In addition, if the government breaks its promise, the currency will also be a piece of waste paper, not to mention Zimbabwe's 100 billion banknotes, and Venezuela's currency devaluation,
in terms of the bad inflation of legal currency before the liberation of our country, it was only 60 years ago. Q: what is the difference between bitcoin and tulip bubble? A: tulips are not non renewable. If they are planted, they will grow. If they are planted more, they will depreciate. There is no way to store them for a long time and cash them in time
similar foam and walnut walnut, all kinds of high-grade wood, strange stones, Tibetan mastiff... These are a way, is a bubble. There are only 21 million bitcoins, which will only be less and less
Q: the principle of bitcoin is very simple and easy to . Will it still have value? A: the principle of religion is also very simple from the perspective of modern people<
but apart from the several religions in Jerusalem, which are regarded as orthodox, what other religions have world-class influence? In fact, it's not many. You can count three to five
will modern people recognize the creation of a religion? Orthodoxy matters. It takes a long time and energy to cultivate the market
bitcoin is orthodox, authentic, the loudest and brightest brand, and the rest are niche. Q: do you think bitcoin is absolutely safe? Will hackers one day blackout bitcoin all over the world
A: This is a question of raising bar. At least for now, bitcoin is logically self consistent
you have to say that someone has broken the bitcoin system. It's like asking, "what if the aliens invade the earth tomorrow?", This possibility also exists, no one can deny, but this assumption is meaningless
Q: will there be a behind the scenes and a big dealer in bitcoin? When it rises to a certain height, it will throw everyone away
A: it may exist, but I think the probability is similar to the probability that Freemasons manipulate the world. This article is not bitcoin soft text, I did not buy bitcoin, just a simple chat about my understanding of bitcoin
I didn't buy bitcoin, and I won't recommend it to anyone
bitcoin has a great risk. The hard disk may be damaged by material resources, may be lost, and may forget the password. This risk is really great
with bitcoin jumping up and down, ordinary people may not be able to stand this fluctuation. If you want to buy it, it is suggested to look at it in a cycle of one year, three years, five years or even ten years. We should have the height and attitude of "not afraid of clouds covering our eyes", otherwise don't touch it
the stable currency usdt is a token issued by tether company based on the stable value currency USD. Tether company strictly abides by the 1:1 reserve guarantee, that is, every usdt token issued, its bank account will have a capital guarantee of USD, and users can exchange USD and TEDA at any time
1usdt = US $1, users can query funds on the tether platform to ensure transparency
use of usdt? Usdt can be said to be the intermediary carrier between digital currency and US dollar legal currency. Why do you say that? For novices, everyone is confused when they first enter the market,
buy usdt with legal currency, and then buy BTC, ETH or other currencies with usdt after a series of observation. Does this process seem familiar? There are also many contract exchanges that use usdt as contract margin
more stable currency to mainstream currency contract trading pairs appear in the options section of big exchanges. As a stable currency, its "stable" nature is reflected in the price and the consensus value it brings to us
of course, there is a price difference between inside and outside the court, let alone digital currency. So in addition to trading different digital currencies, you can also move bricks arbitrage! Brick arbitrage refers to the same commodity in different markets, there will always be different prices
as digital currency is a global asset, it is impossible for many exchanges and OTC trading platforms to have the same price at the same time
the price gap here is very small
game companies can control the economy in the game by controlling the generation of game currency (the rate of losing treasure). So, are game companies really omnipotent? The answer is No. what do game companies fear most
it is the offline transaction of players. After the players meet, they trade in RMB. I will give you money and you will give me the best equipment. In this way, they can directly skip the monitoring of the game company and affect the economic balance of the whole game
this is the reason why many online games prohibit players from trading offline, and even the game props can't be given away at all, because they are afraid that RMB trading will damage the economic system in the game
when playing the game, all players understand that the money, gold coins, diamonds, gemstones and so on in the game are essentially fake money. What is real money? It's RMB
you can only use RMB to exchange the currency in the game. The currency in the game can never be converted into RMB
you only need to understand this logic, and then replace the game company with the government
you can easily understand the essence of bitcoin. Whether it's US dollar, pound sterling or RMB, it's all issued by governments, and the government is equivalent to a game company
as long as you survive in this country, all your transactions should be completed through legal tender. However, the emergence of bitcoin is equivalent to "player offline trading". You can bypass the government and freely switch property among various countries. In the logic of bitcoin, US dollar, pound sterling and RMB become fake currencies, while bitcoin becomes real currency
the reason why bitcoin can become a real currency is that it is non renewable. There are only 21 million bitcoins, which will disappear after digging. Bitcoin, like gold, is non renewable. Whether you believe it or not, at least its logic is self consistent
but the currencies of different countries are different. As long as the government feels that it is short of money and turns on the banknote printing machine, it will be able to run full power for printing
this leads to inflation. I don't need to say anything about inflation. Comparing prices 20 years ago, 10 years ago and today, I believe everyone has his own understanding of inflation. In China, it is self-evident how much house prices have soared in the past two decades
many people buy a house not because they don't have a house to live in, but to fight against inflation. Ten thousand yuan to buy financial procts, ten years later, it will become twenty thousand yuan; Ten thousand to buy a house of one square meter, ten years later, it will become 100000 yuan
"house" was essentially "real currency" and "hard currency" before the emergence of bitcoin. The rich buy a lot of real estate to fight against inflation, but the house also has its disadvantages: first, if you really commit a crime,
the house can't be taken in your pocket, and the government should check and seal it, so there are still many risks; Second, a large number of houses are often difficult to sell, and the transaction takes a long period of time; Third, even if the house is sold, a lot of cash can not be transferred overseas. The emergence of bitcoin just perfectly solves these problems
bitcoin is installed in the hard disk. As long as you remember the password, there will be no one to check where you get it, and someone can't seal it (unless you rob your hard disk). Any fixed assets, cash need time cycle, bitcoin do not use, this second order, the next second cash to the account. Transfer assets overseas
is that true? Bitcoin was designed to bypass the monitoring of the national government and transfer assets perfectly and efficiently. Why do most ordinary people think bitcoin is useless, or even can't think of any use? Very simply,
poverty limits our imagination. As a small white-collar who works hard and earns money all his life, what assets need to be transferred? Estate tax? What's more, it's ridiculous. When people die, they just kick their legs. They never think about the need to avoid taxes on inheritance, but it's different for the rich
suppose that the inheritance tax of a certain country is 50%. Once the rich man dies, his son can only get half of his assets. However, if the rich man changes all his assets into bitcoin and gives his son the password hard disk, he will perfectly inherit it, and the government will not be able to collect any tax
(of course, this is only an ideal situation. In fact, it may not be perfect for tax avoidance, but it is still very enlightening). In addition, for law-abiding citizens, there is no risk of bankruptcy and home hunting
but for some of the top rich, they may not care about the amount of assets, but they are very concerned about the safety of assets. It's acceptable for a rich man with a fortune of 1 billion to lose 500 million in business. But what if he was robbed of his family for some inconvenient reasons? He can't accept direct bankruptcy
at this time, if he holds bitcoin, he will never be bankrupt, and no one can his bitcoin. At least we can leave some capital to make a comeback, or leave a way for future generations“ "Asset security" is what the top rich care about most, not more money but less security. To say that bitcoin can fight inflation caused by the government's printing money indiscriminately is just a good cover at this stage
only those in real need can know the real value of bitcoin and figure out its essence The ancients said: Chunjiang water warm ck prophet) this is also the most perfect function of bitcoin, which is recognized by a group of rich and anxious rich people all over the world, who are no longer willing to be controlled by the government,
or have their own blemishes in all aspects. They have reached a consensus by using bitcoin to maintain the security of their own assets by holding bitcoin together
therefore, bitcoin was not designed for the poor at first. When all living beings can understand the purpose of bitcoin, the price will not be affordable to the poor
some common mistakes about bitcoin: Q: isn't bitcoin really a Ponzi scheme? A: bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme needs to use the money of later generations to supplement the investors in front, and it is in the shape of a pyramid
bitcoin can be bought and sold freely, with ups and downs. If you don't buy or sell bitcoin, you can maintain the original price, which is similar to stocks. A stock can drop 90%, or even drop to delisting, can you simply say that the stock is a fraud
Q: does it make sense that bitcoin consumes a lot of power? A: it takes a lot of manpower and material resources to dig gold. What's the significance of digging gold? The power consumption of bitcoin is the same as the essence of gold mining, which expresses the recognition of its monetary attribute and its value. Q: bitcoin has no government recognition, so it has no value
also has no monetary attribute. A: the original intention of bitcoin is to fight against the government. It doesn't care whether it is recognized by the government or not. In addition, if the government breaks its promise, the currency will also be a piece of waste paper, not to mention Zimbabwe's 100 billion banknotes, and Venezuela's currency devaluation,
in terms of the bad inflation of legal currency before the liberation of our country, it was only 60 years ago. Q: what is the difference between bitcoin and tulip bubble? A: tulips are not non renewable. If they are planted, they will grow. If they are planted more, they will depreciate. There is no way to store them for a long time and cash them in time
similar foam and walnut walnut, all kinds of high-grade wood, strange stones, Tibetan mastiff... These are a way, is a bubble. There are only 21 million bitcoins, which will only be less and less
Q: the principle of bitcoin is very simple and easy to . Will it still have value? A: the principle of religion is also very simple from the perspective of modern people<
but apart from the several religions in Jerusalem, which are regarded as orthodox, what other religions have world-class influence? In fact, it's not many. You can count three to five
will modern people recognize the creation of a religion? Orthodoxy matters. It takes a long time and energy to cultivate the market
bitcoin is orthodox, authentic, the loudest and brightest brand, and the rest are niche. Q: do you think bitcoin is absolutely safe? Will hackers one day blackout bitcoin all over the world
A: This is a question of raising bar. At least for now, bitcoin is logically self consistent
you have to say that someone has broken the bitcoin system. It's like asking, "what if the aliens invade the earth tomorrow?", This possibility also exists, no one can deny, but this assumption is meaningless
Q: will there be a behind the scenes and a big dealer in bitcoin? When it rises to a certain height, it will throw everyone away
A: it may exist, but I think the probability is similar to the probability that Freemasons manipulate the world. This article is not bitcoin soft text, I did not buy bitcoin, just a simple chat about my understanding of bitcoin
I didn't buy bitcoin, and I won't recommend it to anyone
bitcoin has a great risk. The hard disk may be damaged by material resources, may be lost, and may forget the password. This risk is really great
with bitcoin jumping up and down, ordinary people may not be able to stand this fluctuation. If you want to buy it, it is suggested to look at it in a cycle of one year, three years, five years or even ten years. We should have the height and attitude of "not afraid of clouds covering our eyes", otherwise don't touch it
the stable currency usdt is a token issued by tether company based on the stable value currency USD. Tether company strictly abides by the 1:1 reserve guarantee, that is, every usdt token issued, its bank account will have a capital guarantee of USD, and users can exchange USD and TEDA at any time
1usdt = US $1, users can query funds on the tether platform to ensure transparency
use of usdt? Usdt can be said to be the intermediary carrier between digital currency and US dollar legal currency. Why do you say that? For novices, everyone is confused when they first enter the market,
buy usdt with legal currency, and then buy BTC, ETH or other currencies with usdt after a series of observation. Does this process seem familiar? There are also many contract exchanges that use usdt as contract margin
more stable currency to mainstream currency contract trading pairs appear in the options section of big exchanges. As a stable currency, its "stable" nature is reflected in the price and the consensus value it brings to us
of course, there is a price difference between inside and outside the court, let alone digital currency. So in addition to trading different digital currencies, you can also move bricks arbitrage! Brick arbitrage refers to the same commodity in different markets, there will always be different prices
as digital currency is a global asset, it is impossible for many exchanges and OTC trading platforms to have the same price at the same time
the price gap here is very small
7. 1. Go to f2pool to register an account. The miner interface has the mining address and miner name
2. Log in the miner (Avalon, roasted cat, ant, miner of different brands and models have different IP addresses. If you find the model, search online), delete the old mine pool in the configuration interface, and fill in the new mining address and miner name
3. Log in to the f2pool miner interface and observe the calculation power. If there is no calculation power, check whether the second step is correct (be sure to delete the previous one, otherwise you are working for others)
2. Log in the miner (Avalon, roasted cat, ant, miner of different brands and models have different IP addresses. If you find the model, search online), delete the old mine pool in the configuration interface, and fill in the new mining address and miner name
3. Log in to the f2pool miner interface and observe the calculation power. If there is no calculation power, check whether the second step is correct (be sure to delete the previous one, otherwise you are working for others)
8. Now many people are investing in this currency. According to the normal situation, this is basically reliable. Besides, bitcoin is characterized by a relatively small number, and it is also in an upward trend. I suggest you do something appropriate.
9. I'm Taobao Jingdong pinoo's rebate. It's 5-10 yuan for each order. It's easy to brush 20 orders a day. It's normal to earn 3000 yuan a month. It's no less than working hard.
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