Malicious mine pool

1. When it comes to money, mining is indispensable. In ethereum network, if you want to get Ethereum, you also need to mine it. When it comes to mining, there must be a consensus mechanism
do you remember what the consensus mechanism of bitcoin is? The consensus mechanism of bitcoin is pow. To put it simply, the more work you do, the higher the amount of computation you pay, the more likely you will be the first to find the correct hash value, and the more likely you will be rewarded with bitcoin
however, there are some defects in the pow of bitcoin, that is, it is too slow to process transactions, and miners need to constantly collide hash values through calculation, which is costly and inefficient. Friends who are interested in blockchain knowledge should see such a saying:
in order to make up for the deficiency of bitcoin, Ethereum has proposed a new consensus mechanism, called POS (this is the abbreviation of English, which means "proof of equity", also translated into "proof of equity")
POS simply means the same as its literal meaning: equity, equity. The more currency you hold, the more equity you have, the higher your equity
Ethereum's POS means that the more money you hold, the longer you hold it, the less difficult it will be to calculate and the easier it will be to mine
in the initial setting of Ethereum, Ethereum hopes to build a relatively stable system by using POW in the early stage, then graally adopt POW + POS, and finally completely transition to POS. So, it's true that the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is POS, but POS is only a plan or goal at the beginning of Ethereum's release. At present, Ethereum has not yet transitioned to POS, and the consensus mechanism adopted by Ethereum is still pow, that is, the pow of bitcoin, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin
the amount of information here is a bit large,
the first information point is that the consensus mechanism currently adopted by Ethereum is also pow, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin. So, what's the difference between the pow of Ethereum and bitcoin: in short, the mining difficulty of Ethereum can be adjusted, but the mining difficulty of bitcoin can't be adjusted. Just like our college entrance examination, because the teaching situation and the number of students in different provinces are not the same, so the college entrance examination is divided into national papers and provincial independent proposition
Ethereum said that I am in favor of the topic by region. Bitcoin said: No, it must be the same volume in the whole country. The difficulty is the same for everyone
the popular explanation is that bitcoin uses computer computing power to do a lot of hash collisions, enumerate various possibilities to find a correct hash value. The Ethereum system has a special formula to calculate the difficulty of each block. If a block is verified faster than the previous block, Ethereum protocol will increase the difficulty of the block. By adjusting the block difficulty, the time needed to verify the block can be adjusted
according to the Ethereum protocol, the dynamic adjustment method of difficulty is to make the time interval of creating new blocks in the whole network 15 seconds, and the network uses 15 seconds to create blockchain. In this way, because the time is too fast, the synchronization of the system is greatly improved, and it is difficult for malicious participants to launch 51% (that is, more than half) of the computing power to modify historical data in such a short time
the second information point is: in the initial setting of Ethereum, we hope to achieve the transition from POW to
POS through phased upgrade
dating back to 2014, at the beginning of Ethereum's launch, the team announced that the launch of the project would be divided into four stages, namely, Froniter, homestead, metropolis and serenity. In the first three stages, the consensus mechanism adopts pow (workload proof mechanism), and in the fourth stage, it switches to POS (equity proof mechanism)
on July 30, 2015, the first phase "frontier" of Ethereum was officially released. This phase is only suitable for developers. Developers can write smart contracts and decentralized application DAPP on Ethereum network, and miners begin to enter Ethereum network to maintain network security and get Ethereum coins. The leading-edge version is similar to the beta version, proving whether the Ethereum network is reliable or not
on March 14, 2016, Ethereum entered the second stage of "homeland". In this stage, Ethereum provides the wallet function, so that ordinary users can easily experience and use Ethereum. There is no obvious technology improvement in other aspects, but it shows that Ethereum network can run smoothly
in September 2017, Ethereum has reached the third stage of "metropolis"“ "Metropolis" is composed of Byzantine and Constantinople. The goal of this stage is to introce the hybrid chain mode of POW and POS, so as to prepare for the smooth transition from POW to POS. This is the latest popular "Ethereum Constantinople upgrade". In the Constantinople upgrade, Ethereum will make some changes to the underlying protocols and algorithms to lay a good foundation for the implementation of POW and
POS
how much reward will Ethereum get for mining? Miners who win the block creation competition will get the following income:
1. Static reward, 5 ethereums
2. The fuel cost in the block, i.e. gas, we talked about in the last issue
3. As a part of the block, it includes the extra reward of "Uncle block". Uncle is uncle of uncle, and each uncle block can get 1 / 32 of the mining reward as a reward, that is, 5 times 1 / 32, which is equal to 0.15625 ethereums. Here, let's briefly explain the concept of "TERT block". The concept of "TERT block" was proposed by Ethereum. Why should we introce the concept of TERT block? This also starts with bitcoin. In the bitcoin protocol, the longest chain is considered absolutely correct. If a block is not part of the longest chain, it is called a "orphan block". An isolated block is a block, which is also legal, but it may be found later, or the network transmission is slower, and it does not become part of the longest chain. In bitcoin, the solitude is meaningless and will be discarded later, and the miners who find the solitude will not receive mining related rewards
however, Ethereum does not think that isolated blocks are worthless, and Ethereum system will give rewards to miners who find isolated blocks. In Ethereum, isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", which can contribute to the security of the main chain. Ethereum's ten second block interval is too fast, which will rece the security. By encouraging the use of tertiary blocks, the main chain can obtain more security guarantees (because the isolated block itself is legal). Moreover, paying the tertiary block can also stimulate the miners to actively mine and actively use tertiary blocks. Therefore, Ethereum thinks that it is valuable.

2.

About bitcoin, the news is flying all over the world these two days

specifically, a foundation called BTN foundation announced that it has set up a bitcoin bifurcated development team to launch a new bitcoin bifurcated BTN. Now its official website is online, which is called btn.kim. Two days later, bitgo, another bitcoin development team, announced that it would fork out from bitcoin. Its name is BTF, which literally means "bitcoin faith"

according to Yao yuan, a well-known bitcoin columnist, bitcoin will "have 10 children" in December, and will at least bifurcate out of 10 "children" such as BCX, SBTC and LBTC

as soon as these things happened, the bitcoin market began to fluctuate again, some investors blew up, and all kinds of rumors came out: why so many forks? Is bitcoin out of order

in fact, the bifurcating of bitcoin is far more complicated than what it shows. If we don't explain its historical background clearly, we really can't understand what happened

< b > the origin of bifurcations: the origin of the bifurcations of bitcoin has existed. The so-called bifurcations refer to the accounting differences caused by different underlying protocols. According to Xue Hongyan, director of the Internet financial center of Suning Financial Research Institute, bitcoin is jointly maintained by a number of point-to-point decentralized nodes. The orderly operation of the whole system depends on the consensus of all nodes, that is, there is a set of recognized standards for key issues such as which transactions are acceptable and which nodes have accounting rights. This set of standards is deployed in the underlying protocol of blockchain and implemented automatically

but nodes are operated by people after all, which is the so-called "miner", but everything operated by people will be different. For example, the miners of some nodes go online every day, while the miners of some nodes go online occasionally; Some nodes are in the eastern hemisphere, some nodes are in the Western Hemisphere... In a word, e to various reasons, over time, bitcoin has different underlying protocols in different nodes

if different versions of underlying protocols are running in a node, different standards will appear, which will result in bifurcation. If the nodes can deal with these version differences and finally form a unified standard, the bifurcation will eventually disappear, which is called soft bifurcation. If the difference cannot be eliminated, when some nodes continue to run different versions of the protocol, the bifurcation will continue, which is called hard bifurcation

it's easy to solve the problem of soft bifurcation, that is, if the account book is wrong, just modify it. Hard bifurcations are not easy to solve. No one thinks he is wrong and explains them according to his own standards. In the end, he can only go his own way and keep his own account. At present, bitcoin bifurcation refers to hard bifurcation

< b > the first bifurcations: the first hard bifurcations of bitcoin technology upgrade are purely technical reasons. The settlement performance of bitcoin itself is limited. According to the original technical agreement, bitcoin can only support up to seven settlements per second. This was not a problem in the early days. With the fire of bitcoin, more and more people flocked in, and the settlement became more frequent than ever. At this time, the original technology was not enough

therefore, in the middle of 2017, some miners proposed new technology agreements, but the other miners did not agree with them. Eventually, both sides held one end and ran their own underlying agreements, which was the first bifurcation in the history of bitcoin

However, with the development of bitcoin trading means, speculators graally regard the bifurcation as a means of money collection, which leads to a great change in the nature of the current bifurcation

the principle is that each bifurcation is essentially equivalent to the issue of a new digital currency, which is linked to bitcoin. The target audience is larger than the general ICO, and it is easier to be accepted by ordinary users than issuing a new digital currency directly

because the team that creates this kind of bifurcation takes the lead, it is very easy to control the transaction of the new currency, especially in the early stage, and it only needs a small cost to control the price trend of the whole currency. This leaves a lot of room for speculation. The forked team only needs to make the new currency accepted by the users, and then it can artificially raise the price to a sky high price. After the real users come in, they can sell all the money they hoard, and get high profits out of thin air

on October 25 this year, a domestic team forked out bitcoin gold (BTG). Two days before the forking, Jiang Zhuoer, CEO of leibitchi, denounced the forking as money looping: "Liao Xiang, founder of BTG, had g 200000 BTG coins in advance before the forking, and wanted to convert them into 20000 bitcoins, looping 80 million yuan."

The advantage of bifurcations can be seen, so that the word "bifurcations create value" has become popular in the field of currency speculation. For this reason, a new word "IFO" - first token issue has been derived

He Sheng, a well-known financial blogger, once told the media that most of the so-called IFO may evolve into the operation of collecting money by harvesting leeks. "Many previous ICOS are doing IFO, and ICO needs to write a white paper and go to the stock exchange to gain market recognition, while IFO does not even need to write a white paper."

this also explains why bitcoin is becoming more and more profitable. To put it bluntly, everyone wants Nakamoto

Can

< b > not bifurcate

whether it's Hong shuning of Suning finance, or Mike & Chen, CEO of bitgo, a bitcoin wallet software provider and one of the project leaders of segwit2x; Mike belshe, the instry actually refuses this bifurcation of bitcoin. In fact, real blockchain practitioners have always hated speculation. At present, the leading enterprises in the domestic blockchain instry have clearly expressed their opposition to the overflow of bitcoin bifurcation. For example, when Xunlei launched the first popular blockchain project in China, its CEO Chen Lei said in an interview: "Xunlei opposes all speculative activities using blockchain, so it is definitely against bitcoin for the purpose of speculation and leek cutting arbitrage."

However, to solve this problem, it is not enough to have an attitude alone, but to have specific means. The best way is not to let bitcoin bifurcate

this is difficult to achieve. Bitcoin's own technology is a relatively primitive blockchain technology with limited computing power. It can barely cope with the previous transaction scale. In view of the current situation of bitcoin fire, it is difficult to support. So sooner or later bitcoin will have to solve the problem of its own computing power

but there is no hope at all. With the innovation of blockchain technology, there will always be some new ways. For example, the shared computing proposed by Xunlei can effectively improve the total amount of computing power and rece the cost per unit of computing power without changing the existing hardware facilities. If bitcoin is combined with shared computing, it can effectively solve the problem of bitcoin's computing power limit without new bifurcation

secondly, the bifurcations for the purpose of cutting Chinese chives can be supervised by means of supervision. For example, compared with the real name system of special currency wallet, the real name system of transactions can effectively prevent the risk of Financial Bureau. At present, the real name system has been implemented in some blockchain projects, and has achieved good results. For example, Xunlei's blockchain is the first blockchain application to introce the real name system in China, which basically eliminates the hidden danger of malicious speculation

in a word, there is a way. It depends on whether bitcoin players accept it or not, and there is a process to implement it. It takes time. Therefore, at this stage, it is better for us to stay away from the bifurcations of bitcoin in various names

3.

1. Back up important data and photos and restore factory settings. Don't install applications from unknown sources. In addition, don't authorize in permission settings

2. You can swipe the computer to see if it can't work. Besides, the computer needs to clean up the memory on time so that it won't get stuck. The memory of the mobile phone is seriously insufficient. It is recommended to clean up the memory lightly, and then restart your mobile phone again

3. Clear the data of the mobile phone. If there are important things, save them on the network disk first, and then restore the factory settings three times. This is safer

< H2 > extended data:

1. Set the security level of the browser. Our common browsers all have the function of security level setting. Through reasonable setting, we can effectively filter the access restrictions of some illegal websites, so as to rece the damage to computers and personal information

2. Firmly resist reactionary, pornographic and violent websites. On the one hand, these bad information will affect the physical and mental health of teenagers, on the other hand, many illegal websites will use browser vulnerabilities to attack users

3. Don't click illegal links at will

When downloading software and materials, we should choose the regular website or official website

5. Turn off some sensitive functions in common communication software. Such as "people nearby" in wechat and "allowing strangers to view photos" in wechat privacy

6. Do not take photos of your family and address. If it goes on like this for a long time, as long as it is analyzed and summarized by others, the information exposed will become a complete set of information, which hides all kinds of unpredictable risks

Do not test related information on the Internet. Some websites do surveys and ask for information about age, hobbies, gender, etc. to do it for a small profit. This information may be used by others, and graally summarized, and sold to others for profit or threat

4.

In fact, it's not difficult. When we use mobile phones everyday, there will be some background applications, which will be "killed" after restart. However, if the mobile phone is hacked and rebooted, it will enter a high load state again, and the system running memory will be used up quickly. Therefore, if the mobile phone is stuck, hot or dead for no reason, it may be g

it is possible that hackers steal all the information before using mobile phones to "mine" cryptocurrency. People will not only encounter problems such as cell phone stuck, fever and even crash, but also other financial losses

moreover, it is worth noting that some mobile mining apps, in the name of "mining", allow users to invest money and continue to develop offline

5. Short term options, Ding is still fooling, as long as it is not a fool should understand, this plate completely collapsed, want to get back the money to the police right

African mining AMBC and Sun Peng continue to brainwash, and all kinds of rubbish news emerge in an endless stream, who invests will lose

G payment, Zhou Chuan was arrested, 100% collapse, do not hold any illusion

radar coin, plummeting, cutting leeks, far away

environmental protection coins and brainwashing cults have been arrested by the police in some areas. Recently, the price of coins plummeted and many investors lost their money<

at present, some people can log in normally, while others can't log in normally, which leads to the collapse rhythm

in the top group, the cat always continues to cheat. People can be cheated once or twice. If they are cheated by the same person so many times, it can only be said that you are mentally disabled<

when the leader of Mirena starts, don't invest any more, just go to zero<

Huirong, the company has just been established for half a year. Its ridiculous listing scam fooled many people. Now it has collapsed, leaving behind a lot of chicken feathers

lucky, the withdrawal can't get to the account, basically collapsed

Lu Yu, like Runtong and Nanyang, has a long way to go

when Ali pushes, the capital market will collapse and run for a long time. We should be cautious at the end of the year<

the little god blowing is the God blowing, which is the same as the "shuilingzi" routine that has been investigated. It carries out false propaganda and is suspected of pyramid selling<

at Qihe auction, the shareholders of taohua.com opened the auction. At present, some teams have to leave, so it's better to stay away

Ethereum will collapse completely, so don't report any illusions

interest classification, completely cool, do not report any fantasy<

gib digital bank, formerly known as GCG Jufu foreign exchange, has cheated many people and is far away from it

TG gold panning, gambling, ten bet nine lose, away from

the green energy charging pile in the West has run away and cheated many people

the owner Yue of Changsheng equity has disappeared, and the original "heroic words" can not be realized www.ironge.com.cn Now there are still people fooling around

AJS is far away from the Australian Stock Exchange

AICT artificial intelligence chain, far away

the split disks of SW super world are all scams

ask the members of damx mall how deep the pit is<

Yashi is a scam

Archimedes exchange ACMD, suspected of pyramid selling, please stay away from

"Guofa venture capital" is a fake fraud platform of "Fengning Manzu Autonomous County Yifeng Trading Co., Ltd." and will soon run away

LPFs Hong Kong Hyatt sells mining machines to dig mines. It's a scam. Stay away from it

global currency is a fraud<

Yizhou international invests 2100 yuan to buy the original shares in the Northeast Asia exchange, and makes double profits after the listing. Remember that it is waiting for the listing, but what if it is not listed<

financial cloud ofiam, scam, stay away from

"China Magnesium equity, options", related company cancellation, or abnormal operation, stay away from

Tanggula is the best choice and is suspected of pyramid selling<

the trait card, which is used to learn the secret keeping method and moral classics every day in the group, is actually a routine of "raising pigs" -- "killing pigs", mainly to deceive the middle-aged and old people<

Shangpeng high tech, from the United States

6. 1. Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy

2. Digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
response time: January 4, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html

7. If it's to make money, there's a big demand for mines. There's less skinning and fewer robots, so it's good
if you are upgrading and collecting by the way, you can modify the skill after reaching the full level. Of course, it is peeling + engineering. It can be used for leather making and engineering

herbs have no effect on hunters, except for inscriptions and training levels. But these two don't do much for hunters

8.

It was reported on May 29 that recently, Vulcan team of 360 company found a series of high-risk security vulnerabilities in EOS, a blockchain platform. It is verified that some of the vulnerabilities can remotely execute arbitrary code on EOS nodes, that is, they can directly control and take over all nodes running on EOS through remote attacks

the hidden dangers of blockchain network security need to be paid attention to

EOS is a new blockchain platform known as "blockchain 3.0". At present, its token market value is as high as 69 billion yuan, ranking fifth in the global market value

in the blockchain network and digital currency system, nodes, wallets, mines, exchanges and smart contracts all have many attack surfaces. 360 security team has found and exposed several serious security vulnerabilities for digital currency nodes, wallets, mines and smart contracts

this time, the 360 security team found a series of new security vulnerabilities in the smart contract virtual machine of EOS platform, which is a series of unprecedented security risks. No security researchers have found such problems before. This type of security problem not only affects EOS, but also may affect other types of blockchain platforms and virtual currency applications

360 expressed the hope that through the discovery and disclosure of this vulnerability, the blockchain instry and security peers will pay more attention to the security of such issues, and jointly enhance the security of the blockchain network

content source: surging news

9.

In people's mind, grassland is always beautiful and romantic. But the grassland in reality is suffering terrible destruction

according to the Beijing News, in the depth of Xilingol prairie, there is a Sunit alkali company whose mining area is located in the chaganuoer Lake Basin. In the vicinity of Chagannuoer Alkali Mine, there is no wind blowing grass, and cattle and sheep can be seen. As far as you can see, it is a desertification alkali lake and hundreds of square kilometers of degraded grassland surrounding it

The problem is that grassland pollution is a serious ecological damage, and private economic compensation is far from enough. Not to mention that the amount of compensation can not satisfy the loss of herdsmen, the ecological loss is priceless. Once the grassland degenerates into desert, it will be more difficult to restore it

therefore, the attitude of the local government is the most critical, which is to face the pollution, act actively or shirk responsibility and deceive others. It can be seen from the report that the phenomenon of grassland erosion by Alkali Mine ponds has been going on for many years, and there has been no effective control in the local area

Ban Jianying, director of environmental protection of Sonid Right Banner, said that experts would be invited to inspect and assess whether there is pollution in the alkali pool without anti-seepage treatment. This just shows that the local government has not grasped the actual situation of pollution all the time, which itself is suspected of dereliction of ty

under the extensive concept of development, relying on mountains and rivers, relying on grass, we should "eat" grass. But this view of development should have been abandoned for a long time. The grassland is sparsely populated, but this should not be a reason for enterprises to discharge pollutants wantonly and local governments to ignore them

pollution prevention and control is one of the three major battles today, and "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" has already become the consensus of the whole society. Whether the short-term economic interests are important or the long-term ecological interests are important is a matter of right and wrong

source: surging news