Basic principle of miner
then other miners will start to package the transaction generated by your new package until the next package comes out first
in the future, the mining capacity of bitcoin will be small or even zero. You still have transaction fees. The system will always need miners, and mining machines will still exist.
In short, mining is the use of chips for a random number related calculation, get the answer in exchange for a virtual currency. Virtual currency can be exchanged for the currency of each country through some way. The stronger the computing power, the faster the chip can find this random answer. Theoretically, the more virtual coins can be proced per unit time. Because it's about random numbers, you can only get rewards if you happen to find the answer
In his paper, Nakamoto stated:"in the absence of central authority, it not only encourages miners to support bitcoin network, but also enables bitcoin's currency circulation system to have the initial source of money injection."
Nakamoto compares the generation of bitcoin by consuming CPU power and time to the consumption of resources by gold mines to inject gold into the economy. Bitcoin mining and node software mainly initiates zero knowledge proof and verification transactions through peer-to-peer network, digital signature and interactive proof system
each network node concts broadcast transactions to the network. After these broadcast transactions are verified by miners (computers on the network), miners can use their own work proof results to express their confirmation. The confirmed transactions will be packaged into data blocks, and the data blocks will form a continuous data block chain
Nakamoto himself designed the first version of bitcoin mining program, which was later developed into the first generation of widely used mining software bitcoin, which was popular from 2009 to mid-2010
each bitcoin node will collect all the unconfirmed transactions and gather them into a data block. The miner node will add a random adjustment number and calculate the SHA-256 hash value of the previous data block. The mining node tries again and again until it finds the random adjustment number so that the hash value is lower than a specific target
extended data
at the earliest, bitcoin miners were mining through Intel or AMD CPU procts. But because mining is a computing intensive application, and with the continuous improvement of mining number and equipment performance, the difficulty graally increases, now using CPU mining has no profit or even loss
as of 2012, since the first quarter of 2013, miners graally began to use GPU or FPGA and other mining equipment [5]. At the same time, a large number of ASIC devices were launched in mid 2013
since July 2013, the computing power of the whole network has shown a straight-line rise e to the large number of ASIC equipment put into operation. Based on the average computing power in July 2013, all CPU mining equipment has been unable to generate positive revenue, and FPGA equipment is close to no revenue
according to the estimation of average computing power in September 2013, the existing small ASIC mining equipment developed for indivials will also be close to no positive revenue in the next 1-2 months. A large amount of computing power is monopolized by cluster ASIC mining equipment with 5 th ash / s or more. Because of no profit, indivial mining is almost squeezed out of mining groups. Some bitcoin miners have raised funds to build machine rooms and install a large number of mining equipment in places where low-cost electricity can be obtained
in order to save the cost of mining, some bitcoin miners make mining programs into malicious programs to infect other people's computers on the network to mine for themselves
Bitcoin mining machine is a kind of computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining chips and works in the way of burning graphics card, which consumes a lot of power. It is one of the ways to get bitcoin that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment, and a competition of computing power among miners. Miners with more computing power are more likely to dig bitcoin. With the increase of computing power in the whole network, it is more and more difficult to dig bits with traditional devices (CPU, GPU). People have developed chips specially used for mining. Chip is the core part of mining machine. The process of chip operation will proce a lot of heat, in order to cool down, bitcoin miner is generally equipped with heat sink and fan
bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
bitcoin mining started with low-cost hardware such as CPU or GPU, but with the popularity of bitcoin, the mining process has changed greatly. Nowadays, the mining activities are transferred to the field programmable gate array, and the hash speed can be achieved through optimization. The mining efficiency of this mode is very high
however, at present, professional Avalon ASIC miner is needed for mining, and it also needs to be included in a mine pool. If you are a retail investor, of course, if you arrange a large mine, you don't need it.
IPFs mining machine is not so much mining as charging rent. Why do you say that? If there is a user's demand for storage, the miner will rent his miner's memory as storage space, and the user will pay the miner filecoin as a reward
the working principle is simple: the user's storage demand is equivalent to didi express order, while the miner's job is to grab the order. The closer the distance, the higher the priority. Where the users are most concentrated must be Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, so the miners from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have a natural advantage
compared with the traditional miner, the IPFs miner like interstellar Aoyun has advantages. It doesn't need a lot of computation, it has no noise, it consumes less power, and it's almost perfect. Even renting storage space is a bit of sharing economy, and it also requires miners to have better network speed and hard disk, fair competition, and good upward effect on the development of the whole ecology.
The working principle of the grinding machine is shown in the figure. The raw material is fed into the hollow cylinder (with end caps at both ends) through the hollow Journal for grinding. The cylinder is filled with grinding media of various diameters (steel ball, steel bar or gravel, etc.). When the cylinder rotates around the horizontal axis at a certain speed, the medium and raw materials in the cylinder will fall or roll off the inner wall of the cylinder when their gravity is greater than the centrifugal force under the action of centrifugal force and friction, and the ore will be crushed e to the impact force. At the same time, in the process of grinding, the sliding motion of grinding media also has grinding effect on raw materials. The ground material is discharged through the hollow journal. Due to the continuous feeding of materials, the pressure causes the materials in the cylinder to move from the feeding end to the discharging end. During wet grinding, the material is carried away by water flow; During dry grinding, the material is taken away by the air flow out of the cylinder
Grinding of ore is usually carried out in a mill. There are many kinds of mills, but ball mills and rod mills are generally used in metal mines. Gravel mill and autogenous mill are also used in China, but the number is relatively small. Ball mill and rod mill is a rotary cylinder with hollow shafts at both ends, which contains a considerable number of steel bars and balls. The working principle of the mill is shown in Figure 10
Fig. 10 schematic diagram of grinding process of ball mill
when ore and water are fed into the cylinder from the hollow shaft at one end and discharged from the hollow shaft at the other end. When the cylinder rotates according to the specified speed, the steel ball or steel bar is together with the ore. under the action of centrifugal force and friction, it rises to a certain height with the cylinder, and then falls and slides off the cylinder wall. Then they rise to the same height with the cylinder, and then fall down, periodically, so that the ore is crushed and ground by impact and grinding. The ground ore and water form pulp (wet grinding), which is discharged by the hollow shaft at the discharge end to complete the grinding operation