Production of mineral candle machine

1.

Wang Mou Wang Guo Li Yanlong Zhang Lei Zhu Mingyong Zhang Guanghui

(216 Nuclear Instry Brigade, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang)

[Abstract] the exploration of Baiyanghe uranium beryllium deposit has made a breakthrough in volcanic uranium polymetallic deposits in Xinjiang after several stages of regional geological survey, pre survey and general survey. Uranium, beryllium and molybdenum ore bodies mainly occur in the contact zone structure of granite porphyry. Beryllium ore bodies have the characteristics of large scale and good continuity. The proved beryllium resources are very large, the uranium ore body is medium, and the molybdenum ore body is small. It is the largest beryllium, uranium and molybdenum ore deposit in China. By summarizing the basic geological characteristics of the deposit, the "Baiyanghe type" metallogenic model and prospecting model are established, which effectively guide the prospecting work of regional uranium polymetallic deposits

[Key words] granite porphyry; Uranium beryllium deposit; Contact zone structure; Baiyanghe uranium beryllium deposit is located in hebukeser Mongolia Autonomous County, Xinjiang, 70km to the East and 25km to the West. It is administratively under the jurisdiction of Hecheng hebukeser Mongolia Autonomous County, with convenient transportation in the mining area

The process of discovery and exploration of Baiyanghe uranium deposit began in 1956 and has a history of more than 50 years. In the 1950s, in the process of uranium prospecting, the former 519 brigade of the Ministry of second machinery found that be had reached the requirements of instrial utilization through semi quantitative spectral analysis. From 1988 to 1989, the 216 brigade of Northwest Geological Exploration Bureau of nuclear instry concted a special study on the existing forms of beryllium and the relationship between uranium and beryllium in Baiyanghe uranium deposit. It is considered that beryllium deposit has a good prospecting prospect. The above work has accumulated valuable geological data and rich prospecting experience for later ore prospecting. Since 2006, the 216 brigade of nuclear instry has studied the previous basic geological data. It is believed that the Yangzhuang fault (f < sub > 1 < / sub >) in the xuemishan volcanic belt is an important rock controlling and ore guiding structure of Baiyanghe deposit, and the contact zone structure of granite porphyry is the main occurrence location of uranium polymetallic ore bodies, Baiyanghe area has the prospecting potential of forming super large beryllium uranium polymetallic deposit. In 2007, China National Bureau of geology of nuclear instry organized experts to carry out on-site investigation and demonstration, and decided to carry out comprehensive prospecting at three levels: one is the 1 ∶ 100000 regional prediction and evaluation of volcanic rock belt, the other is the 1 ∶ 50000 regional geological survey of Yangzhuang rock body and its periphery in Baiyanghe area, and the third is the detailed survey at Baiyanghe No.2 site

From 2008 to 2010, in order to evaluate the metallogenic potential of volcanic type uranium deposits in Baiyanghe area as soon as possible, implement the uranium polymetallic ore procing areas for exploration, and achieve a breakthrough in geological exploration results, the technical idea of "combining comprehensive research with key anatomy, and combining general research with engineering verification" was adopted, The 1 ∶ 50000 regional geological survey of uranium deposit was carried out in Baiyanghe area. Through large spacing drilling verification and intensive dissection of favorable sections, the deep morphology and ore bearing property of Yangzhuang rock body, ASUDA rock body and xiaoyanghe rock body were preliminarily understood, and three favorable metallogenic sections < sup > [2] < / sup > were implemented. The drilling workload was 19000m, 65 drilling holes were drilled, 7 instrial uranium holes and 29 instrial beryllium holes were found. In 2008, a detailed investigation and prospecting work was carried out at the No.2 site of Baiyanghe mining area, and a medium-sized beryllium ore procing area was confirmed

From 2011 to 2013, in order to understand the geological characteristics of the Yanghe deposit, implement the resources of the uranium polymetallic deposit, and provide the basis for further exploration of the deposit, according to the exploration deployment idea of "uranium based and comprehensive prospecting", the general survey was carried out on the 17-136 lines of the Baiyanghe mining area, and the survey was carried out on the ASUDA section Pre prospecting work has been carried out in ARI and lati sections. The amount of drilling work completed is 104000m. According to the general instrial index, the beryllium oxide resource is estimated to be very large, the uranium resource is estimated to be medium, and the molybdenum resource is estimated to be small. The Baiyanghe deposit is the largest beryllium type beryllium uranium molybdenum deposit in China

The Baiyanghe deposit is located in the shaerburti mountain area of West Junggar, and the strata are exposed from old to new in the upper Devonian tarbahatai formation (d < sub > 3 < / sub > t), Carboniferous and bukehe formation (C < sub > 1 < / sub > HB), heihantou formation (C < sub > 1 < / sub > H), Neogene tahihe formation (n < sub > 1 < / sub > t) and Quaternary (q) (Fig. 1)

It is mainly distributed in Yangzhuang rock body γπ P < sub > 1 < / sub >) in the north, southwest and northwest of the deposit, there are continental intermediate acid volcanic rock and pyroclastic rock formation intercalated with normal clastic rock, with an overall dip of 160 °～ one hundred and ninety °， Dip angle 40 °～ sixty °

The lower Carboniferous, bukehe formation and heihantou formation are mainly distributed in the south of the deposit, extending in a nearly East-West trend, with Yangzhuang fault as the boundary

The Neogene Miocene tahihe formation is distributed in the South and northeast corner of the deposit, and its lithology is yellow sandy clay

Quaternary System: it is widely distributed in the East and southeast of the deposit, which is alluvial, proluvial and accumulation

2.2 structure

the Baiyanghe deposit is located in the barrek shaerburti fold belt, between the wuerkashershan anticline saimistai anticline and the Baiyanghe syncline bahali monocline. The NNE trending mengkelake fault and the EW trending degelieti fault are separated on both sides of the deposit, and the nearly EW trending Yangzhuang fault runs through the whole area (Fig. 2). The geological structure is relatively complex, and folds and faults in different directions are relatively developed. Since the late Paleozoic, volcanic activity and magmatic intrusion have been very strong. The rocks of Baiyanghe deposit are mainly acidic volcanic rock formation, intercalated with intermediate basic volcanic rock formation

2.3 intrusive rocks are widely distributed in the Baiyanghe deposit and are obviously controlled by faults. According to the occurrence state of intrusive rocks, they can be divided into meso plutonic intrusive rocks, ultra hypabyssal intrusive rocks and dikes

The intrusive rocks are pyroxene diorite and plagioclase granite

Fig.1 geological sketch of Baiyanghe deposit; 2 - tasihe formation; 3 - the third lithologic member of heihantou formation; 4 - the second lithologic member of heihantou formation; 5 - the first lithologic member of heihantou formation; 6 - upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 7-the seventh layer of the lower subgroup of hebukehe formation; 8-the sixth layer of upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 9-the fifth layer of upper sub formation of hebukehe formation; 10 - the fourth layer of upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 11 - the third layer of upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 12 - the second layer of the upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 13 - the first layer of upper subgroup of hebukehe formation; 14 - the fourth lithologic member of talbahatai formation; 15 - the third lithologic member of talbahatai formation; 16 - granite porphyry and its dipping stage number; 17 - the number of granite and intrusive stage; 18 - diorite porphyrite and intrusive stage number; 19 - pyroxene diorite and its intrusive stage number; 20 - diabase; 21 - angular unconformity boundary; 22 - intrusive contact boundary; 23 - fault; 24 - inferred fault; 25 - translational fault; 26 - reverse fault; 27 - normal fault; 28 - uranium mineralization point and No.

ultra hypabyssal intrusive rock is granite porphyry γπ P < sub > 1 < / sub >). The rock mass is nearly East-West beaded, about 10km in length from east to west, and the width from north to South varies greatly, with the widest of 1.8km and the narrowest of 0.1km, covering an area of about 6.9km < sup > 2 < / sup >, and is composed of Yangzhuang rock mass, ASUDA rock mass and xiaoyanghe rock mass (Fig. 3)

Fig. 2 structural sketch of Baiyanghe deposit; 2-neogene red clastic rock formation; 3-acid volcanic rock formation; 4 - intermediate acid volcanic rock formation; 5 - intermediate basic volcanic rock formation; 6-granite; 7-granodiorite; 8-granite porphyry; 9-yanghe deposit range

the northern boundary of Yangzhuang rock body generally inclines to the South (locally to the North) and intrudes into the Devonian System with an dip angle of about 32 ° The southern boundary dips northward with an inclination of 45 °～ seventy-five ° ， It is in fault contact with Carboniferous system (f < sub > 1 < / sub >). Generally, it is thick in the South and thin in the North (Fig. 4)

Ma Hanfeng of Beijing Institute of geology of nuclear instry has measured the formation age of Yangzhuang pluton by whole rock nd SR method, and the age is (293 ± 15) It was formed in Late Carboniferous to early Permian

2.4 dikes

diabase βμ： Most of them intersect in the rock mass in a north-south strike, parallel arrangement, strike 340 °， It is 10-1000m long and 0.5-20m wide. The main component is plagioclase, filled with pyroxene, and the accessory minerals are magnetite (15%), a little hematite and chromite

Fig. 4 North South profile of Yangzhuang rock body

1 - Lower Carboniferous and bukehe formation; 2 - Upper Devonian tarbahatai formation; 3-subvolcanic rock mass; 4-granite porphyry; 5 - diabase; 6 - tuff; 7-tuffaceous siltstone; 8-carbonaceous mudstone; 9-fracture zone; 10 - contact boundary; 11 - borehole location; 12 - Instrial beryllium mineralization; 13 - low grade ore body; 14 - fault

diorite porphyrite δπ： To 340 °， It is 5-15m wide and 400-2500m long. Dark purple microcrystalline diorite porphyry, 20-50cm wide, appears at the edge of the dyke

2.5 hydrogeological characteristics

2.5.1 groundwater types and distribution characteristics

Baiyanghe deposit is located in the South Piedmont hilly area of xuemishan mountain, in the sub area of fracture water of intrusive and eruptive rocks in the hilly plain hydrogeological area (II < sub > 1 < / sub >)

2.5.2 groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions

the climate of Baiyanghe deposit is dry, the humidity coefficient is only 0.057, and the surface water system is rare. The groundwater is only exposed below the local section of the Piedmont. The spring flow is 0.01-0.13l/s, the salinity is 0.5-1.0g/l, and the pH value is 7.0-8.0. The hydrochemical types are so < sub > 4 < / sub > · Cl and so < sub > 4 < / sub >. The groundwater can directly pass through the weathering fissures and structural windows of granite porphyry, tuffaceous pyroclastic rocks and other rocks exposed on the surface, receive the recharge of atmospheric precipitation and pore phreatic water, run off from north to south, and have a certain bearing capacity near the regional ore controlling fault zone. There are three ways of discharge: one is vertical evaporation in arid climate; The second is through the north-south direction of the main ditch of the deposit; No. 1 spring at Dagangou in the eastern part of the deposit is one of the discharge sources of the deposit

2.5.3 aquifer (zone) and its characteristics

according to the lithology, structural structure and water bearing characteristics of rocks, the groundwater along the profile can be divided into: fractured phreatic aquifer (I), fractured aquifer in the hanging wall of contact zone (II) and fractured confined aquifer in the footwall of contact zone (III) (Fig. 5)

Fig. 5 hydrogeological section of line 25 of Baiyanghe deposit

1 - granite porphyry; 2-upper Devonian tarbahatai formation; 3-tuffaceous siltstone; 4-carbonaceous mudstone; 5-granite porphyry; 6 - diabase; 7-fracture zone; 8 - pumping test section and number; 9 - water bearing zone boundary; 10 - number of water bearing zone; 11 - fracture tendency and dip angle; 12 - water bearing zone; 13-phreatic aquifer of aquifuge (I)

stored in granite porphyry γπ P < sub > 1 < / sub >)

2. It is not recommended that you use mine candle. You can consider using hot stove to heat up quickly, coal cost is low, making a fire outside the shed, and belt blowing in the shed for heating without pollution. Alcohol is recommended for burning in the shed. Flammable, high heat, no pollution. It is a good method after many years of practice. Alcohol can be used, with a paper cup can be placed, convenient and fast. Gas, biogas, geothermal and heating can be used if conditions permit. In addition, multi-layer covering (cotton quilt, grass cover, etc.), multi film covering (plastic shed covering medium shed, medium shed covering small shed), snow proof cloth covering outside shed to strengthen heat preservation. The crops can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or cuikang Shengli solution, and be sprayed with Bihu or brassinol to enhance the low temperature resistance of crops.

3. The candle is made of paraffin. Many phenomena can be observed from a burning candle. Please observe the burning of the candle carefully according to the items provided below and fill in the blanks l) The top of the miner's candle melts___ Liquid state___ State
(2) melting___ Paraffin wax___ Down the mine candle
(3) in the process of flowing down, the melted paraffin wax will melt again__ Coagulation____ Get up
(4) the wick is filled with molten water__ Paraffin wax
(5) the original white wick turns to white in the flame___ Red____ Color
(6) the candle flame can be divided into three parts from the inside to the outside: the flame core, the inner flame and the outer flame_ No_____ A matchstick was placed in the flame near the wick, and it was taken out after LS ~ 2S, and the part in the outer flame was found___ First___ First, last) carbonization, indicating the temperature of the outer flame___ Highest___ The highest, the lowest).

4. Candles are also called mineral candles. This color, also known as the color of paraffin, is similar to translucent colorless.

5. Craft candle belongs to group 0405, category 4 of trademark classification
according to the statistics of the road sign network, one brand of craft candle has been registered
how to choose other sub categories when registering:
there is one trademark in the category of registration (mining candle, group number: 0405), and the registration rate is 100%

6.

Many scholars have explored the dissolution of organic acids on minerals through simulation experiments, such as Huang Futang et al. < sup > [17] < / sup > according to the composition of organic acids in formation water in Daqing area (acetic acid accounts for more than 90% of the total organic acids, propionic acid accounts for 5%, oxalic acid and other acids are very low; Among the anions, HCO < sup > - 3 < / sup >, CO < sub > 2 < / sub > < sup > - 3 < / sup > are relatively high, ranging from 500 mg / L to 8000 mg / L. The dissolution experiments of (quartz feldspar) sandstone were carried out with acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid and carbonic acid as solvents. The experimental conditions were 80 ℃, 10MPa, acid concentration 5000mg / L. The results are as follows:

(1) the influence of different types of organic acids on the physical properties of sandstone is significant; The second was oxalic acid, with an average increase of 1.22%; The average growth rate of carbon dioxide was 0.96%; Propionic acid was at least 0.78%

in 21 samples, the permeability of 20 samples increased significantly. Among them, 16 pieces of K ≤ 1 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > samples, with an average increase of 0.24 × 10^-3～0.39 × 10^-3 μ m² one × 10^-3 μ m²＜K≤10 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > and the permeability was 8.66 before the experiment × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup >, 74.2 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup >, permeability increased by 65.54% × 10^-3 μ m² ten × 10^-3 μ m²＜K＜100 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > had 3 samples, which were 33.9% before the experiment × 10^-3 μ m²、29.5 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > and 27.6 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup >, respectively × 10^-3 μ m²、112.5 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > and 90.4 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup >, from which we can see that the influence of organic acids on high permeability samples is greater than that of low permeability samples. The influence degree is: oxalic acid > acetic acid > carbonic acid > propionic acid

organic acids also have influence on the pore distribution of rocks, and acetic acid has the greatest influence on the average pore radius, which is 1066 μ m; Carbonic acid, 0.018, had the least effect μ m In terms of permeability, the peak value of acetic acid is 19.191%, and the peak value of carbonic acid decreases (table 6-9)

Table 6-9 effect of different types of organic acids on pore distribution of arkose, It shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the dissolution degree of minerals and the concentration of acetic acid (Fig. 6-3)

among the 15 experimental samples, the permeability of 8 samples with medium and high permeability increased significantly. Among the 7 low permeability samples, the permeability increased in 5 samples, decreased in 1 sample and remained unchanged in 1 sample; Low permeability (< 1 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup >); The permeability variation of medium and high permeability core samples decreases with the decrease of concentration

with the increase of acetic acid concentration, the change of average pore radius increased (table 6-10)

Table 6-10 effect of different concentrations of acetic acid on core pore distribution

(3) effect of acetic acid on sandstone physical properties at different temperatures

under different experimental temperatures, the porosity of 20 samples increased by 0.914%, 0.843%, 0.658% and 0.613% respectively at 100 ℃, 80 ℃, 60 ℃ and 40 ℃

under different experimental temperatures, the permeability of 12 cores increases, and the change of medium and high permeability samples is greater than that of low permeability samples. At 100 ℃, 80 ℃, 60 ℃ and 40 ℃, the average permeability increases to 23.8% × 10^-3 μ m²、14.13 × 10^-3 μ m²、6.60 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > and 3.77 × 10^-3 μ m² The number of low permeability samples is small, one at 100 ℃, one at 80 ℃ and one at 60 ℃, respectively, increasing by 1.85% × 10^-3 μ m²、0.07 × 10^-3 μ M < sup > 2 < / sup > and 0.12 × 10^-3 μ m²

To sum up, the organic matter of source rocks can generate a lot of organic carboxylic acids, carbonic acid and hydrogen sulfide ring thermal evolution. Among them, hydrogen sulfide is the most acidic, organic carboxylic acid is the second, and carbonic acid is the weakest. These organic acids have strong dissolution effect on many rocks including igneous rocks, resulting in a large number of secondary pores

7.

Candle, red is called red candle (red candle originally means red candle, a symbol of festivity), white is also called mine candle (cheap, usually used for lighting in mines)

Candle is a kind of daily lighting tool, which is mainly made of paraffin. In ancient times, it was usually made of animal fat, burning to give out light

candles are also widely used in birthday parties, religious festivals, collective mourning, weddings and funerals. In literary and artistic works, candles have symbolic meaning of sacrifice and dedication

8.

1. Weaving words

(1) woven fabric

[Bi] ā n zh ī w ù]

a fabric made of several yarns (or silk or thread) braided with each other. Such as rope and narrow braided belt (such as candle wick, wide belt and shoelace, etc.). The texture is herringbone or ∞ shape

(2) woven fabric

[J] ī zh ī b ù]

refers to cloth woven with modern large machines. It is opposite to the hand-made "native cloth" On September 17, 1954, people's Daily said: "the actual consumption of cotton cloth per person per year is no more than ten or twenty feet. Some people only buy five feet of cloth per year, while others only use a small amount of native cloth and do not use woven cloth at all."

(1) spindle

[F] ǎ ng chu í]

spinning and spinning tool is a small round stick with thick middle and sharp ends, made of wood or iron. One end of cotton wadding or cotton yarn is fixed on it, and the spindle rotates to spin cotton wadding or yarn into yarn

(2) spinning

[F] ǎ ng j ī]

spinning and hemp seizing. It generally refers to textile In the old book of the Tang Dynasty, biography of women, the Li family, Yang San'an's wife, it is said that "Li's strength is in the field in the daytime, and he is wanted in the night." Volume 16 of the great Sutra of the song and Luo dynasties, Yulin Yulu, says, "Dongshan guards Wuxing. His wife (the mother of Dongshan) grows ramie in the county. She bows, spins and seizes clothes. She is more than 80 years old."

9. In ancient times, there were two kinds of candles: plain candle and red candle
before the appearance of mineral candles, people lit plant wax. Melt the oil on the outer layer of Sapium sebiferum seeds (similar to solidified mutton oil), pour it on one end of Artemisia argyi stem wrapped with light grass, and pour it to the appropriate thickness, that is, the candle. This kind of candle is white and is called plain candle. In order to celebrate, people use another pot to melt the wax oil, add red dye, and then dip the candle inside. The outside is red, which is called red candle. Plain candles are mainly used for memorial ceremonies and so on. People usually use red candles
in addition, people also light oil lamps, most of which are made of bronze, known as "green lamps". The ancients read and wrote, accompanied by the red candle and the green lamp, therefore, these two "props", inevitably become the image of literature, emotional sustenance, so often appear in ancient poetry.

10. In the 18th century, J. priestey's experiment
1. Put a pot of green plants and candles in a sealed container, facing the sun, the plants will still survive and the candles will still burn
2. Put the plants and mice in a sealed container, facing the sun, the plants and mice will still survive
3. Put the plants in a sealed container, facing the sun, Plant death
4. Put the candle in a sealed container, facing the sun, and the candle goes out
5. Put the candle and mouse in a sealed container, facing the sun, and the candle goes out, and the mouse dies
this experiment shows that plants use the sunlight through chloroplasts to release oxygen, which is called photosynthesis, The respiration of animals and the burning of coal candle release carbon dioxide. Plants use photosynthesis to release oxygen for animals. Animals breathe carbon dioxide for plants to survive