Manganese ore skip

Ore washing and screening
ore washing is the separation of ore and slime by hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing. Commonly used equipment are washing screen, cylinder washing machine and trough washing machine
ore washing is often accompanied by screening, such as washing directly on the vibrating screen or sending the ore (clean ore) from the ore washing machine to the vibrating screen for screening. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate procts with different particle sizes and grades for different purposes< Gravity separation
at present, gravity separation is only used to separate manganese ores with simple structure and coarse grain size, especially for manganese oxide ores with high density. The common methods are dense medium dressing, jigging dressing and shaking table dressing
at present, the technological process of manganese oxide ore treatment in China is to crush the ore to 6-0 mm or 10-0 mm, then divide it into groups, carry out jigging in coarse grade, and send it to shaker in fine grade. Most of the equipments are Hartz type reciprocating jig and 6-s type shaker
3. High intensity magnetic separation
manganese minerals belong to weak magnetic minerals [specific magnetic coefficient X = 10] × 10-6～600 × It can be recovered in the high intensity magnetic separator with magnetic field intensity ho = 800-1600ka / M (10000-20000oe), and the grade of manganese can be increased by 4% - 10%
because of its simple operation, easy control and strong adaptability, magnetic separation can be used for the separation of all kinds of manganese ores, and has been playing a leading role in manganese ore dressing in recent years. Various new types of high intensity magnetic machines for coarse, medium and fine particles have been developed. At present, the most common application of domestic manganese ore is medium grain high intensity magnetic separator, coarse and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are also graally applied, and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are still in the experimental stage< At present, the newly built and rebuilt gravity magnetic separation plants in China include Liancheng, Fujian, Longtou, Jingxi and Xialei manganese mines in Guangxi. For example, Liancheng Manganese Mine gravity magnetic separation plant mainly deals with leaching manganese oxide ore, and uses am-30 jig to treat 30-3mm washed ore, which can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate with more than 40% manganese. After manual separation, it can be used as raw material for battery manganese powder. The grade of manganese concentrate should be increased by 24% ～ 25% to 36% ～ 40% after jigging tailings and washed ore less than 3mm are grinded to less than 1m and separated by high intensity magnetic separator
5. High intensity magnetic flotation
at present, only Zunyi Manganese ore is used in high intensity magnetic flotation process. The ore is a low manganese, low phosphorus and high iron manganese ore mainly composed of manganese carbonate ore
according to the instrial test, the grinding process is rod mill ball mill, and the equipment scale is 100% φ 2100mm × 3000mm wet grinding machine. Shp-2000 high intensity magnetic separator is used for high intensity magnetic separation, and CHF air flotation machine is mainly used for flotation. After many years of proction test, the performance is good, it is very suitable for Zunyi Manganese ore dressing application. The successful test of high intensity magnetic flotation process and its application in proction indicate that the deep separation of manganese ore in China has made a big step forward
6. Pyrometallurgical enrichment
pyrometallurgical enrichment of manganese ore is a kind of separation method for treating refractory poor manganese ore with high phosphorus and high iron, which is generally called manganese rich slag method. Its essence is a high temperature separation method of selective separation of manganese, phosphorus and iron by controlling the rection temperature of manganese, phosphorus and iron in blast furnace or electric furnace
pyrometallurgical enrichment has been used for nearly 40 years in China. In 1959, experiments were carried out on a 9.4m3 small blast furnace in Zijiang iron works, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, and preliminary results were obtained. Then, in 1962, Shanghai ferroalloy plant and Shijingshan iron and steel plant smelted manganese rich slag in blast furnace respectively. In 1975, the blast furnace of Manaoshan manganese mine in Hunan Province not only smelted manganese rich slag, but also recovered lead, silver and pig iron (commonly known as semi steel) from the bottom of the furnace, providing a basis for comprehensive utilization. Since the 1980s, the proction of manganese rich slag has developed rapidly, and the proction of manganese rich slag has been developed successively in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and other places
pyrometallurgical enrichment process is simple and stable, which can effectively separate iron and phosphorus from ore, and obtain manganese rich, low iron and low phosphorus manganese rich slag, which generally contains 35% - 45% Mn, Mn / Fe? 12～38，P/Mn< 002, is a kind of high-quality manganese alloy raw materials, but also the general natural rich manganese ore is difficult to achieve the above three indicators of artificial rich ore. Therefore, pyrometallurgical enrichment is a promising method for refractory mineral processing with high phosphorus, high iron and low manganese in China< There are a lot of researches on chemical separation of manganese in China, among which there are many experiments, and the most promising ones are bisulfite method, black manganese ore method and bacterial leaching method. At present, it has not been put into instrial proction< At present, sintering method is widely used in China. Only when the manganese concentrate or fine ore is very fine and - 200 mesh is more than 80% and no resial carbon is allowed in the proct, pelletizing or briquetting is adopted
in the early 1950s, the sintering pot and local method were used to sinter manganese ore powder in China. With the development of iron and steel proction, indigenous sintering can not meet the requirements, so one after another to build sintering machine or other efficient briquetting equipment. In 1970, China's first fine manganese ore sintering machine (18m2) was built and put into operation in Xiangtan Manganese Mine. In 1972, Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and steel plant built two 24m2 sintering machines. In 1977, China's first manganese concentrate pelletizing equipment 80m2 belt roaster was built and put into operation in Zunyi Manganese Mine. In the 1980s, Xiangtan Manganese Mine, Bayi manganese mine and Xiangxiang ferroalloy plant have successively built more than 18-24m2 sintering machines, and Shanghai ferroalloy plant has imported ball pressing equipment as fine ore briquetting
the development of briquetting technology has brought greater economic benefits to the smelting of manganese alloys. Taking Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and steel works as an example, the technical indexes of blast furnace smelting can be greatly improved by increasing the clinker ratio and replacing hot sinter with cold sinter< (3) smelting of manganese ore
manganese ore mainly includes high carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and metallic manganese, which are commonly known as
high carbon ferromanganese. Blast furnace is mainly used in China. In the 1950s, there was no special factory to proce blast furnace ferromanganese (high carbon ferromanganese), but some iron and steel plants smelted and sold by themselves, and the proction volume was very small. Since 1958, Xiangtan Manganese Mine has built 6.5m3 and 33m3 blast furnaces for smelting ferromanganese. After 1960s, Xinyu, Yangquan, No.3 plant of Masteel and No.4 plant of Chongqing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. have transformed into blast furnace ferromanganese. In 1980s, the development of blast furnace ferromanganese is faster. The output of ferromanganese increased from 200000 tons in 1981 to 400000 tons in 1995
the procts proced by electric furnace include carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and manganese metal. Jilin Ferroalloy Plant was the first one to proce EAF in China. It was built and put into operation in 1956. The maximum capacity of EAF is 12500kVA; In the early 1960s, Hunan, Zunyi and Shanghai ferroalloy plants were built and put into operation one after another. These plants can proce carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloys; Zunyi ferroalloy plant also uses silicothermic method to proce manganese metal. According to the Ministry of metallurgical instry's main technical and economic indicators of national ferroalloy in 1995, 11 of the 15 major ferroalloy plants in China proced manganese series alloy procts in 1994. Through continuous development and expansion, these key ferroalloy plants have made important contributions to the proction of iron and steel instry
since the 1980s, local small and medium-sized ferroalloy enterprises have developed rapidly. According to statistics, the proportion of ferroalloy proction of local small and medium-sized enterprises in the whole country increased from 32.39% in 1980 to 54.01% in 1989, and reached 69.85% in 1996, with more than 1000 enterprises. Most of these small and medium-sized enterprises use 1800kVA small electric furnace, with backward equipment and poor proct quality
the equipment used in the proction of ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloy is basically the same, both of them are submerged arc furnace, and the transformer capacity of the furnace is generally 1800-12500kva. Hunan and Zunyi ferroalloy plants have imported 3000kva and 31500kVA Mn Si electric furnaces from Germany respectively, which have been put into operation
flux process is generally used in the proction of high carbon ferromanganese in electric furnace in China. The proction of manganese silicon alloy generally adopts slag method
the proction of medium and low carbon ferromanganese mainly includes electric furnace method, oxygen blowing method and shaking ladle method. Shaking ladle process includes direct proction of medium low carbon ferromanganese in shaking ladle and shaking ladle electric furnace process. The process of shaking ladle electric furnace is advanced, the proction is stable, and the technical and economic effect is good< There are pyrometallurgical and Hydrometallurgical methods for manganese proction. Pyrometallurgy of manganese began in 1959 in China. It was first successfully trial proced by Zunyi ferroalloy plant with silicothermic method, and has been exclusively proced up to now. The first step is to refine manganese ore into manganese rich slag; In the second step, manganese rich slag is used to refine high silicon silicon manganese alloy. In the third step, manganese rich slag is used as raw material, high silicon silicon manganese is used as recing agent and lime is used as flux. Hydrometallurgy is mainly electrolytic method, often called electrolytic manganese metal. In 1956, the first electrolytic manganese plant was built in Shanghai 901 plant. By the early 1990s, there were more than 50 large and small electrolytic manganese plants, with an annual total proction capacity of more than 40000 tons. The proction process is roughly divided into three proction processes: preparation of manganese sulfate solution, electrolysis and post-treatment. After treatment is the completion of electrolysis, including proct purification, washing, drying, stripping, packaging and other series of operations. Finally, the qualified EMM procts with Mn content of 99.70% ～ 99.95% were obtained

Manganese ore and its compounds are used in various fields of national economy, among which iron and steel instry is the most important field, accounting for 90% ～ 95% of manganese consumption. It is mainly used as deoxidizer and desulfurizer in the process of iron making and steel making, as well as to make alloys

the remaining 10% - 5% of manganese is used in other instrial fields, such as chemical instry (manufacturing various manganese salts), light instry (for batteries, matches, printing paints, soaps, etc.), building materials instry (colorants and fading agents for glass and ceramics), national defense instry, electronic instry, environmental protection, agriculture and animal husbandry, etc

the vast majority of manganese ore in China belongs to lean ore and must be beneficiated. However, because most manganese ores are fine or fine disseminated, and there are a considerable number of high phosphorus ores, high iron ores and symbiotic (associated) beneficial metals, it is very difficult to process

the common beneficiation methods of manganese ore in China are mechanical beneficiation (including ore washing, screening, gravity separation, high intensity magnetic separation and flotation), pyrometallurgical enrichment and chemical beneficiation

ore washing is often accompanied by screening, such as washing directly on the vibrating screen or sending the ore (clean ore) from the ore washing machine to the vibrating screen for screening. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate procts with different particle sizes and grades for different purposes

The vast majority of manganese ore in China belongs to lean ore, which must be treated by mineral processing. However, because most manganese ores are fine or fine disseminated, and there are a considerable number of high phosphorus ores, high iron ores and symbiotic (associated) beneficial metals, it is very difficult to process. The commonly used beneficiation methods of manganese ore in China are mechanical separation (including ore washing, screening, gravity separation, high intensity magnetic separation and flotation), pyrometallurgical enrichment and chemical beneficiation
1. Ore washing and screening
ore washing uses hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing to separate ore from slime. Commonly used equipment are washing screen, cylinder washing machine and trough washing machine
ore washing is often accompanied by screening, such as washing directly on the vibrating screen or sending the ore (clean ore) from the ore washing machine to the vibrating screen for screening. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate procts with different particle sizes and grades for different purposes
2. Gravity separation
gravity separation is only used to separate manganese ores with simple structure and coarse grain size, especially for manganese oxide ores with high density. The common methods are dense medium dressing, jigging dressing and shaking table dressing
at present, the technological process of manganese oxide ore treatment in China is to crush the ore to 6-0 mm or 10-0 mm, then divide it into groups, carry out jigging in coarse grade, and send it to shaker in fine grade. Most of the equipments are Hartz type reciprocating jig and 6-s type shaker
3. High intensity magnetic separation
manganese minerals belong to weak magnetic minerals [specific magnetic coefficient X = 10] × 10-6～600 × It can be recovered in the high intensity magnetic separator with magnetic field intensity ho = 800-1600ka / M (10000-20000oe), and the grade of manganese can be increased by 4% - 10%
e to the simple operation, easy control and strong adaptability of magnetic separation, it can be used for the separation of various manganese ores, and it plays a leading role in the beneficiation of manganese ores. Various new types of high intensity magnetic machines for coarse, medium and fine particles have been developed. The most common application of manganese ore in China is medium grain high intensity magnetic separator, coarse and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are also graally applied, and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are still in the experimental stage< At present, the newly built and rebuilt gravity magnetic separation plants in China include Liancheng, Fujian, Longtou, Jingxi and Xialei manganese mines in Guangxi. For example, Liancheng Manganese Mine gravity magnetic separation plant mainly deals with leaching manganese oxide ore, and uses am-30 jig to treat 30-3mm washed ore, which can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate with more than 40% manganese. After manual separation, it can be used as raw material for battery manganese powder. The grade of manganese concentrate should be increased by 24% ～ 25% to 36% ～ 40% after jigging tailings and washed ore less than 3mm are grinded to less than 1m and separated by high intensity magnetic separator
5. High intensity magnetic flotation
only Zunyi Manganese ore is used. The ore is a low manganese, low phosphorus and high iron manganese ore mainly composed of manganese carbonate ore
according to the instrial test, the grinding process adopts rod mill ball mill stage grinding, and the equipment scale is 100% φ 2100mm × 3000mm wet grinding machine. Shp-2000 high intensity magnetic separator is used for high intensity magnetic separation, and CHF air flotation machine is mainly used for flotation. After many years of proction test, the performance is good, it is very suitable for Zunyi Manganese ore dressing application. The successful test of high intensity magnetic flotation process and its application in proction indicate that the deep separation of manganese ore in China has made a big step forward
6. Pyrometallurgical enrichment
pyrometallurgical enrichment of manganese ore is a kind of separation method for treating refractory poor manganese ore with high phosphorus and high iron, which is generally called manganese rich slag method. Its essence is a high temperature separation method of selective separation of manganese, phosphorus and iron by controlling the rection temperature of manganese, phosphorus and iron in blast furnace or electric furnace
pyrometallurgical enrichment has been used for nearly 40 years in China. In 1959, experiments were carried out on a 9.4m3 small blast furnace in Zijiang iron works, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, and preliminary results were obtained. Then, in 1962, Shanghai ferroalloy plant and Shijingshan iron and steel plant smelted manganese rich slag in blast furnace respectively. In 1975, the blast furnace of Manaoshan manganese mine in Hunan Province not only smelted manganese rich slag, but also recovered lead, silver and pig iron (commonly known as semi steel) from the bottom of the furnace, providing a basis for comprehensive utilization. Since the 1980s, the proction of manganese rich slag has developed rapidly, and the proction of manganese rich slag has been developed successively in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and other places
pyrometallurgical enrichment process is simple and stable, which can effectively separate iron and phosphorus from ore and obtain manganese rich, low iron and low phosphorus manganese rich slag, which generally contains 35% - 45% Mn, 12-38 Mn / Fe, P / Mn & lt; 002, is a kind of high-quality manganese alloy raw materials, but also the general natural rich manganese ore is difficult to achieve the above three indicators of artificial rich ore. Therefore, pyrometallurgical enrichment is a promising method for refractory mineral processing with high phosphorus, high iron and low manganese in China< There are a lot of researches on chemical separation of manganese in China, among which there are many experiments, and the most promising ones are bisulfite method, black manganese ore method and bacterial leaching method. At present, it has not been put into instrial proction

The raw ore mined from manganese ore is generally large, with a maximum of about one meter. Therefore, crushers and grinders should be used to treat the grinding ore to a smaller size, and then beneficiation equipment should be used to improve the quality of manganese ore. the required equipment includes crushers, grinders and concentrators. The crushers may include jaw crushers, cone crushers, cone crushers and cone crushers Impact crusher, ball mill, rod mill, autogenous mill, etc. may be used for grinding machine, jig, spiral chute, shaker, magnetic separator, flotation machine, etc. may be used for concentrator, and the selection of equipment shall be determined according to mineral properties and the best beneficiation process. The main beneficiation methods of manganese ore are gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation, pyrometallurgical treatment, etc.