Chip miner
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
mining machine is a tool for procing and mining bitcoin
Bitcoin mining machine is a kind of computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining chips and works in the way of burning graphics card, which consumes a lot of power. It is one of the ways to get bitcoin that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment, and a competition of computing power among miners. Miners with more computing power are more likely to dig bitcoin. With the increase of computing power in the whole network, it is more and more difficult to dig bits with traditional devices (CPU, GPU). People have developed chips specially used for mining. Chip is the core part of mining machine. The process of chip operation will proce a lot of heat, in order to cool down, bitcoin miner is generally equipped with heat sink and fan
bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
bitcoin mining started with low-cost hardware such as CPU or GPU, but with the popularity of bitcoin, the mining process has changed greatly. Nowadays, the mining activities are transferred to the field programmable gate array, and the hash speed can be achieved through optimization. The mining efficiency of this mode is very high
At present, the mining machines in the market are mainly divided into two categories, one is PC based mining machine, the other is professional mining machine based on ASIC chip
the general PC mining machine can be used as a home computer, but the CPU performance is weak and the power consumption is high. Professional mining machine based on ASIC chip can not be used as ordinary computer because it has no graphics card and does not support mainstream desktop operating system
extended data:
mining machine is one of the ways to obtain Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency proced by open source P2P software. It doesn't rely on a specific currency institution to issue, but is generated by a large number of calculations of a specific algorithm. It uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions economically. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself can ensure that the currency value cannot be manipulated by mass proction
any computer can become a mining machine, but the profit will be relatively low, and there may not be one in ten years. Many companies have developed professional mining machines, which are equipped with special mining crystal. They are tens or hundreds of times higher than ordinary computers
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. The mining machine composed of many graphics cards, even if it is just a garbage card like hd6770, can surpass the single graphics card of most users in terms of computing power
and this is not the most terrible. Some mining machines are made up of more such graphics card arrays. When dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards come together, the graphics card itself costs money. Considering the hardware price and other costs, there are considerable expenses in mining
in addition to the display card burning machine, some ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) professional mining machines are also put into the battlefield. ASIC is specially designed for hash operation. Although the performance may not be able to kill the display card in seconds, it is already quite strong. Moreover, because their power consumption is far lower than that of the display card, it is easier to form scale and the electricity cost is also lower, It is difficult to compete with these excavators. And this kind of machine will be more expensive
The main differences between 7Nm and 10nm are as follows:
1, gate length is different. The width of the gate formed on the CPU is also called the gate length. The 7Nm process can integrate more transistors into CPU and GPU, and make the processor have more functions and higher performance
2. Different power consumption. For 7Nm technology and 10nm technology, the volume of 7Nm will be smaller when the same number of transistors are plugged. The large volume of 10nm, because of the process problems, will lead to the larger capacitance of the original, the required voltage is higher than 7Nm, resulting in higher overall power consumption
performance:
the chip is composed of transistors. The smaller the process, the more transistors in the same area of the chip, and the stronger the natural performance. The performance of 7Nm is better than that of 10nm
take Huawei Qilin 980 as Qilin 970, where Qilin 980 is a chip with 7Nm process and Qilin 970 is a chip with 10nm process
first look at the number of transistors, Kirin 980 has 6.9 billion transistors, Kirin 970 has 5.5 billion transistors, an increase of about 25.5%. In terms of performance, it's not as simple as 25.5%, because it involves not only the number of transistors, but also the upgrade of CPU, GPU, NPU and other IP cores
in terms of specific values, for example, the running points of CPU, Qilin 980, GPU and NPU are about 50% higher, twice as high
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integrated circuits have two main advantages for discrete transistors: cost and performance. The low cost is e to the fact that the chip prints all the components as a unit through photolithography, rather than making only one transistor at a time. The high performance is e to the fast switching of components, which consumes less energy, because the components are small and close to each other. In 2006, the chip area ranged from a few square millimeters to 350 mm, with a million transistors per mm
the special mine card has no video output function, it's just a kind of board responsible for calculation. Strictly speaking, it's not a graphics card, but a calculation card
if you buy a second-hand card used for mining, you can only feel it in the process of using it, the failure rate of the card is relatively high, and it is easy to have symptoms such as blue screen and flower screen.
When it comes to the rise of smart phones in China, many people are talking about it with relish. Five or six years ago, it was basically synonymous with Shanzhai. Today, it occupies more than 50% of the global market and more than 80% of China's market, and its share is still expanding, which makes people not agree with it
but at the same time, we found that although domestic mobile phones are so strong and the level of Shanzhai is so high, other flagship mobile phones, except Huawei Qilin, have been using Qualcomm chips. Many people wonder why China's proction level of smart phones is so high, but it can't proce a high-end chip. Why can't we Shanzhai
The chip is a kind of technology that can not be copied. If you give a chip, you can the design, but not the manufacturing. After all, this technology needs time, accumulation, patent, investment, talent, equipment and so onand what China is good at most is Shanzhai; Replicable & quot; The rapid development of smart phones can also explain why the chips have not been copied by Chinese Shanzhai
in foreign countries, there are Samsung, Qualcomm, apple, Intel, AMD and other world giants. There are only two or three companies in the world that can manufacture and reach the first-class level, including TSMC, Intel and Samsung. The most advanced technology in China is SMIC, which is at least two generations behind TSMC. From this point of view, it can be seen that the threshold of manufacturing chips is much higher than that of designing chips, which is why so few enterprises can manufacture them
on the other hand, compared with chip design, chip manufacturing needs more high-end equipment and some cutting-edge materials, which is highly dependent on upstream equipment suppliers and material suppliers. For domestic enterprises, many of these high-end equipment and even materials are prohibited, and it is relatively easy to design and buy authorized procts, Therefore, most domestic enterprises only do design, not manufacturing, which is too difficult
it can be seen that if we really want to compare the two, it is still more difficult to make chips, which is also the key reason for fewer manufacturing enterprises.