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1、 Sorting
sorting is a mineral processing method to separate useful minerals and gangue minerals by using the physical properties of ore, such as surface characteristics, optical properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, radioactivity and the absorption and reflection ability of ore to rays. Sorting is mainly used for the separation of massive and granular materials, such as removing large waste rock or picking out large rich ore. The upper limit of separation particle size is 250-300 mm, and the lower limit is 10 mm. For some precious minerals (such as diamond), the lower limit is 0.5-1 mm. For the separation of non-metallic minerals, sorting can be used to preconcentrate or obtain final procts. It has the following advantages: it can partly replace the selective mining method with low efficiency and high cost; Large pieces of waste rock are removed in advance to save the transportation, crushing, grinding and mineral processing costs of waste rock; Improve the grade of ore and the content of useful minerals; The waste rock can be used for backfilling and building materials to rece its environmental pollution
sorting can be divided into three ways: flow sorting (continuous sorting), partial sorting (heap sorting) and block sorting. Flow separation is to make a certain thickness of material layer continuously pass through the detection area; Partial separation and block separation means that one ore or one ore passes through the detection area alone. The quality of block selection or partial selection is better. At present, block selection is the main method in instry. There are two types of block picking: manual picking and mechanical picking
Manual sortingaccording to the appearance characteristics (color, luster, shape, etc.) between ore and waste rock, ore or waste rock can be sorted out by hand, and can be divided into forehand sorting (picking useful minerals from ore) and backhand sorting (picking waste rock from ore). It is mainly used for the separation of some ores which are difficult to be sorted by mechanical methods or whose quality can not be guaranteed. For example, asbestos with long fiber and massive mica are selected from ore; Large gangue is picked out from kaolinite of coal measures. Hand picking is the simplest way of picking, but it has high labor intensity and low efficiency
2. Mechanical sorting γ According to the difference reflected by radiation or the difference of natural radiation ability of ore, the separation of ore and gangue is realized by means of instrument. For example:
radioactive sorting: associated ores containing uranium and thorium elements
ray absorption sorting: coal, iron and chromium ores
luminescent sorting: diamond, fluorite, scheelite and asbestos
photoelectric sorting: gypsum, talc, asbestos, marble, limestone, magnesite, wolframite, diamond
electromagnetic sorting: metal sulfide ore and oxide ore
With the development of modern science and technology, especially the application of electronic computer, the mechanical sorting is becoming more and more perfect, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the application field is graally expanded. At present, photoelectric sorting is more commonly used in the non-metallic ore instry with mature equipment
Fig. 2-1 mechanical picking principle diagram
Mechanical picking principle is shown in Fig. 2-1. The ore to be selected falls into the radiation area proced by the radioactive body evenly through the vibrating chute. Different physical signals will be generated after the ores of different properties are irradiated. The detector will send the detected signals to the information processing system, which will amplify and identify the signals, and finally send the command signal to the actuator, The actuator can divide the material into useful ore and waste rock. Generally, the high-speed air valve with up to 300 times per second is used in the actuator, which greatly improves the proction efficiency. The modern electronic technology is used as the control system with high degree of automation. The modern sorting machine has become a high-tech mineral processing equipment with camera, computer and so on
Friction ore washing is a kind of technology to treat the ore which is stuck with clay or contains more mud, including crushing and separation. For non-metallic minerals such as quartz and feldspar, after long-term weathering, the primary ore deposits exposed on the surface are wrapped by the decomposition procts of clay minerals or rocks, forming cemented or argillaceous bodies. In this case, the method of friction washing and disintegration, which is different from ore crushing, is often used to separate mineral monomers before separation, which can not only remove the surface adhesion of mineral particles, but also prevent unnecessary crushing or over crushing. Usually, minerals are soaked and washed in water medium, supplemented by mechanical agitation (adding dispersant if necessary). With the help of friction between minerals, mineral particles adhered by slime are separated from clay impurities, which is called friction washing. The surface of some weathered or primary fine-grained non-metallic minerals can be purified by friction washing to expose the surface which can reflect the properties of the ore itself. After the impurities are removed, not only the mineral particles themselves can be purified, but also the conditions for the subsequent purification operation (such as flotation) can be improved. Scrubbing (ore scrubbing) can not only be used as the preparation for other purification operations, but also complete the purification of minerals separately
Fig. 2-2 friction ore washing machines are mainly friction ore washing machines, cylinder ore washing machines, trough ore washing machines, etc. In addition, the double screw scrubbing machine is often used in the scrubbing and purification of some non-metallic minerals such as quartz and diatomite. The structure of friction washer is shown in Figure 2-2
the beneficiation process of Belgian Magic Star Diamond generally includes preparation, roughing and cleaning. The preparation operations before beneficiation of Belgian Magic Star Diamond generally include crushing, screening, ore washing, grinding, hydraulic classification, etc. The purpose is to create good conditions for beneficiation in advance, so that the beneficiation can be carried out smoothly and obtain good results< Crushing
1.1. Crushing is the main preparation operation before the separation of Belgian magic star diamond primary ore. in the crushing stage, on the one hand, the coarse-grained ore should be fully dissociated, on the other hand, the crushing of Belgian Magic Star Diamond crystal should be reced as far as possible. In the process of ore crushing, the requirement of protecting crystal is more strict than crushing other ores. The crushing equipment is mainly jaw crusher, There are also gyratory crushers, hydro crushers, etc.
1.2. Screening
there are many places that need to use screening operation in Belgium Magic Star Diamond beneficiation. On the one hand, screening can timely separate the ore with appropriate particle size in the crushing stage, avoid excessive crushing of ore, rece power consumption and improve efficiency, It is also good for crystal protection: on the other hand, it can prepare for the next mineral processing operation. The screening equipment is the screening machine, the most commonly used is the vibrating screen, followed by the shaking screen.
1.3. Ore washing
the Belgian Magic Star Diamond placer and some primary ores contain a lot of clay minerals, It must be removed before mineral processing. Ore washing is the process of removing clay material from ore, including two stages of dispersing clay and separating the dispersed clay material from granular material. Commonly used ore washing equipment include high-pressure water gun, cylindrical ore washing machine, trough ore washing machine, etc.
1.4, The main purpose of grinding Belgian Magic Star Diamond ore is to dissociate all or most of the monomers of the fine Belgian magic star diamond in the ore, so that it can be recovered in the next step of mineral processing, Selective grinding can grind most ores to the required size, discard tailings and improve efficiency. Grinding operation is usually carried out in a rotating cylindrical mill. The mills include ball mill, rod mill and autogenous mill, The basic principle is that the medium (or ore itself) is used to grind the ore with impact phase.
1.5. Hydraulic classification
when the particle size of fine materials is separated, it is difficult to use the screening method, The basic principle of hydraulic classification is based on the difference of settling velocity in fluid e to the difference of particle size (or density). The main equipment for hydraulic classification is spiral classifier and hydrocyclone
Manganese ore and its compounds are used in various fields of national economy, among which iron and steel instry is the most important field, accounting for 90% ~ 95% of manganese consumption. It is mainly used as deoxidizer and desulfurizer in the process of iron making and steel making, as well as to make alloys
the remaining 10% - 5% of manganese is used in other instrial fields, such as chemical instry (manufacturing various manganese salts), light instry (for batteries, matches, printing paints, soaps, etc.), building materials instry (colorants and fading agents for glass and ceramics), national defense instry, electronic instry, environmental protection, agriculture and animal husbandry, etc
Manganese has a very important strategic position in the national economy Extended data:
the vast majority of manganese ore in China belongs to lean ore and must be beneficiated. However, because most manganese ores are fine or fine disseminated, and there are a considerable number of high phosphorus ores, high iron ores and symbiotic (associated) beneficial metals, it is very difficult to process
the common beneficiation methods of manganese ore in China are mechanical beneficiation (including ore washing, screening, gravity separation, high intensity magnetic separation and flotation), pyrometallurgical enrichment and chemical beneficiation
ore washing is often accompanied by screening, such as washing directly on the vibrating screen or sending the ore (clean ore) from the ore washing machine to the vibrating screen for screening. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate procts with different particle sizes and grades for different purposes