The most advanced washing machine
Ore washing and screening
ore washing is the separation of ore and slime by hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing. Commonly used equipment are washing screen, cylinder washing machine and trough washing machine
ore washing is often accompanied by screening, such as washing directly on the vibrating screen or sending the ore (clean ore) from the ore washing machine to the vibrating screen for screening. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate procts with different particle sizes and grades for different purposes< Gravity separation
at present, gravity separation is only used to separate manganese ores with simple structure and coarse grain size, especially for manganese oxide ores with high density. The common methods are dense medium dressing, jigging dressing and shaking table dressing
at present, the technological process of manganese oxide ore treatment in China is to crush the ore to 6-0 mm or 10-0 mm, then divide it into groups, carry out jigging in coarse grade, and send it to shaker in fine grade. Most of the equipments are Hartz type reciprocating jig and 6-s type shaker
3. High intensity magnetic separation
manganese minerals belong to weak magnetic minerals [specific magnetic coefficient X = 10] × 10-6～600 × It can be recovered in the high intensity magnetic separator with magnetic field intensity ho = 800-1600ka / M (10000-20000oe), and the grade of manganese can be increased by 4% - 10%
because of its simple operation, easy control and strong adaptability, magnetic separation can be used for the separation of all kinds of manganese ores, and has been playing a leading role in manganese ore dressing in recent years. Various new types of high intensity magnetic machines for coarse, medium and fine particles have been developed. At present, the most common application of domestic manganese ore is medium grain high intensity magnetic separator, coarse and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are also graally applied, and fine grain high intensity magnetic separators are still in the experimental stage< At present, the newly built and rebuilt gravity magnetic separation plants in China include Liancheng, Fujian, Longtou, Jingxi and Xialei manganese mines in Guangxi. For example, Liancheng Manganese Mine gravity magnetic separation plant mainly deals with leaching manganese oxide ore, and uses am-30 jig to treat 30-3mm washed ore, which can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate with more than 40% manganese. After manual separation, it can be used as raw material for battery manganese powder. The grade of manganese concentrate should be increased by 24% ～ 25% to 36% ～ 40% after jigging tailings and washed ore less than 3mm are grinded to less than 1m and separated by high intensity magnetic separator
5. High intensity magnetic flotation
at present, only Zunyi Manganese ore is used in high intensity magnetic flotation process. The ore is a low manganese, low phosphorus and high iron manganese ore mainly composed of manganese carbonate ore
according to the instrial test, the grinding process is rod mill ball mill, and the equipment scale is 100% φ 2100mm × 3000mm wet grinding machine. Shp-2000 high intensity magnetic separator is used for high intensity magnetic separation, and CHF air flotation machine is mainly used for flotation. After many years of proction test, the performance is good, it is very suitable for Zunyi Manganese ore dressing application. The successful test of high intensity magnetic flotation process and its application in proction indicate that the deep separation of manganese ore in China has made a big step forward
6. Pyrometallurgical enrichment
pyrometallurgical enrichment of manganese ore is a kind of separation method for treating refractory poor manganese ore with high phosphorus and high iron, which is generally called manganese rich slag method. Its essence is a high temperature separation method of selective separation of manganese, phosphorus and iron by controlling the rection temperature of manganese, phosphorus and iron in blast furnace or electric furnace
pyrometallurgical enrichment has been used for nearly 40 years in China. In 1959, experiments were carried out on a 9.4m3 small blast furnace in Zijiang iron works, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, and preliminary results were obtained. Then, in 1962, Shanghai ferroalloy plant and Shijingshan iron and steel plant smelted manganese rich slag in blast furnace respectively. In 1975, the blast furnace of Manaoshan manganese mine in Hunan Province not only smelted manganese rich slag, but also recovered lead, silver and pig iron (commonly known as semi steel) from the bottom of the furnace, providing a basis for comprehensive utilization. Since the 1980s, the proction of manganese rich slag has developed rapidly, and the proction of manganese rich slag has been developed successively in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and other places
pyrometallurgical enrichment process is simple and stable, which can effectively separate iron and phosphorus from ore, and obtain manganese rich, low iron and low phosphorus manganese rich slag, which generally contains 35% - 45% Mn, Mn / Fe? 12～38，P/Mn< 002, is a kind of high-quality manganese alloy raw materials, but also the general natural rich manganese ore is difficult to achieve the above three indicators of artificial rich ore. Therefore, pyrometallurgical enrichment is a promising method for refractory mineral processing with high phosphorus, high iron and low manganese in China< There are a lot of researches on chemical separation of manganese in China, among which there are many experiments, and the most promising ones are bisulfite method, black manganese ore method and bacterial leaching method. At present, it has not been put into instrial proction< At present, sintering method is widely used in China. Only when the manganese concentrate or fine ore is very fine and - 200 mesh is more than 80% and no resial carbon is allowed in the proct, pelletizing or briquetting is adopted
in the early 1950s, the sintering pot and local method were used to sinter manganese ore powder in China. With the development of iron and steel proction, indigenous sintering can not meet the requirements, so one after another to build sintering machine or other efficient briquetting equipment. In 1970, China's first fine manganese ore sintering machine (18m2) was built and put into operation in Xiangtan Manganese Mine. In 1972, Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and steel plant built two 24m2 sintering machines. In 1977, China's first manganese concentrate pelletizing equipment 80m2 belt roaster was built and put into operation in Zunyi Manganese Mine. In the 1980s, Xiangtan Manganese Mine, Bayi manganese mine and Xiangxiang ferroalloy plant have successively built more than 18-24m2 sintering machines, and Shanghai ferroalloy plant has imported ball pressing equipment as fine ore briquetting
the development of briquetting technology has brought greater economic benefits to the smelting of manganese alloys. Taking Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and steel works as an example, the technical indexes of blast furnace smelting can be greatly improved by increasing the clinker ratio and replacing hot sinter with cold sinter< (3) smelting of manganese ore
manganese ore mainly includes high carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and metallic manganese, which are commonly known as
high carbon ferromanganese. Blast furnace is mainly used in China. In the 1950s, there was no special factory to proce blast furnace ferromanganese (high carbon ferromanganese), but some iron and steel plants smelted and sold by themselves, and the proction volume was very small. Since 1958, Xiangtan Manganese Mine has built 6.5m3 and 33m3 blast furnaces for smelting ferromanganese. After 1960s, Xinyu, Yangquan, No.3 plant of Masteel and No.4 plant of Chongqing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. have transformed into blast furnace ferromanganese. In 1980s, the development of blast furnace ferromanganese is faster. The output of ferromanganese increased from 200000 tons in 1981 to 400000 tons in 1995
the procts proced by electric furnace include carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and manganese metal. Jilin Ferroalloy Plant was the first one to proce EAF in China. It was built and put into operation in 1956. The maximum capacity of EAF is 12500kVA; In the early 1960s, Hunan, Zunyi and Shanghai ferroalloy plants were built and put into operation one after another. These plants can proce carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloys; Zunyi ferroalloy plant also uses silicothermic method to proce manganese metal. According to the Ministry of metallurgical instry's main technical and economic indicators of national ferroalloy in 1995, 11 of the 15 major ferroalloy plants in China proced manganese series alloy procts in 1994. Through continuous development and expansion, these key ferroalloy plants have made important contributions to the proction of iron and steel instry
since the 1980s, local small and medium-sized ferroalloy enterprises have developed rapidly. According to statistics, the proportion of ferroalloy proction of local small and medium-sized enterprises in the whole country increased from 32.39% in 1980 to 54.01% in 1989, and reached 69.85% in 1996, with more than 1000 enterprises. Most of these small and medium-sized enterprises use 1800kVA small electric furnace, with backward equipment and poor proct quality
the equipment used in the proction of ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloy is basically the same, both of them are submerged arc furnace, and the transformer capacity of the furnace is generally 1800-12500kva. Hunan and Zunyi ferroalloy plants have imported 3000kva and 31500kVA Mn Si electric furnaces from Germany respectively, which have been put into operation
flux process is generally used in the proction of high carbon ferromanganese in electric furnace in China. The proction of manganese silicon alloy generally adopts slag method
the proction of medium and low carbon ferromanganese mainly includes electric furnace method, oxygen blowing method and shaking ladle method. Shaking ladle process includes direct proction of medium low carbon ferromanganese in shaking ladle and shaking ladle electric furnace process. The process of shaking ladle electric furnace is advanced, the proction is stable, and the technical and economic effect is good< There are pyrometallurgical and Hydrometallurgical methods for manganese proction. Pyrometallurgy of manganese began in 1959 in China. It was first successfully trial proced by Zunyi ferroalloy plant with silicothermic method, and has been exclusively proced up to now. The first step is to refine manganese ore into manganese rich slag; In the second step, manganese rich slag is used to refine high silicon silicon manganese alloy. In the third step, manganese rich slag is used as raw material, high silicon silicon manganese is used as recing agent and lime is used as flux. Hydrometallurgy is mainly electrolytic method, often called electrolytic manganese metal. In 1956, the first electrolytic manganese plant was built in Shanghai 901 plant. By the early 1990s, there were more than 50 large and small electrolytic manganese plants, with an annual total proction capacity of more than 40000 tons. The proction process is roughly divided into three proction processes: preparation of manganese sulfate solution, electrolysis and post-treatment. After treatment is the completion of electrolysis, including proct purification, washing, drying, stripping, packaging and other series of operations. Finally, the qualified EMM procts with Mn content of 99.70% ～ 99.95% were obtained
The cylinder stone washer is also called the cylinder stone washer. The cylinder stone washer
YTX series cylinder stone washer is mainly used for desliming of artificial aggregate less than 80mm. The utility model has the advantages of large feed particle size, less than 0.5% mud content and less than 2% water content of the washed aggregate
roller type ore washing, roller type stone washing machine
your bank passbook is math
now there is WeChat, Alipay is digital
hope to help you, hope to adopt.
gravity beneficiation is mainly aimed at coarse-grained ores, which has a great advantage in the preconcentration application of coarse-grained ores and the separation of fine slime, which is beyond the ability of other beneficiation processes and has been widely used. Gravity dressing equipment is also very simple in terms of manufacturing, and the technology is relatively mature. In the proction of mineral processing, expensive reagents are not consumed, which not only saves the cost, but also reces the environmental pollution caused by the tailings discharged from the gravity mineral processing equipment. With the development of society, people pay more attention to the ecological environment, and the emergence of energy crisis, the graal rection of mineral resources, the superiority of gravity dressing has been affirmed again, and a new development trend has appeared, In recent years, a variety of dynamic heavy medium separators and flow film processing equipment are the signs of this development
as a manufacturer of large-scale mineral processing equipment, Minglei heavy instry group realized that gravity mineral processing equipment was developing towards large-scale, multi-layer and centrifugal force application. In the early theoretical research of gravity mineral processing technology, it tried to express the essence of the process with simple concepts, with different views, most of which focused on the explanation of process phenomena, In the 1950s, with the emergence of a large number of modern ideas and instruments, experts and scholars began to use modern measurement techniques, including rapid photography, radiolocation, optical measurement and other methods to visually describe the movement of particles and media. However, in order to make analytical expression of these observation results, few have done so far, So far, there is no qualitative development of gravity mineral processing theory< Up to now, except for the problem of particle sedimentation, most of the process principles have not been clearly defined. It is difficult to make quantitative calculation. So in recent years, the research based on probability statistics and simulation similarity has been carried out. Through the statistical analysis of process variables or the extension of essential knowledge, an empirical mathematical model or theoretical similarity relation is established, which can be used as the basis for proction calculation, control or equipment enlargement design. Therefore, gravity beneficiation is moving from empirical technology to scientific and mathematical way
China is a country rich in mineral resources. The development of gravity beneficiation technology has also experienced the transformation from ancient times to modern times, and a large number of large and medium-sized gravity concentrators have been established. Great progress has been made in the research of beneficiation methods. Gravity separation method has been popularized and applied to treat iron ore, and heavy medium pre concentration workshops have been established in lead, zinc and antimony non-ferrous metal mines, Of course, gravity separation method is also widely used in building materials, chemical instry, especially coal instry, and has reached the world advanced level. However, there are still problems in the development. There is still a gap between China's concentrators and developed countries in terms of technology management, material and energy consumption, which requires further efforts in order to reach the world's advanced level in an all-round way.
I do not recommend you to use batteries, because you have to supply batteries The power supply is very complicated. I recommend that you use the electric box to supply power and pull the electricity out of the electric box to the machine.
you already have all the basic machines, but you still need to build an electric furnace (preferably an instrial furnace)
when you have these machines, you should go to the solar / nuclear power station.
the nuclear power station in IC2 is really expensive, If you are confident in your mineral reserves, you can choose to develop nuclear power
if you don't have many minerals, I recommend solar energy. Although the power generation capacity of the most powerful nuclear power station is 60 times that of solar energy, it makes sense that a small number of people make a big difference
when you have 20-30 solar cells, you will have the ability to mass proce UU
I rely on solar energy in the middle and late stage of the server, A few solar stations (about 100 stations) can reach 1 minute / UU on average, which is one million EU / min, but my nuclear power station is obviously not so efficient
when you have 280 UUS, you can enter into the IC2 pit father's suit - I believe it is needless to say that when you have a set of quantum sets, there is actually nothing to pursue
but I am still in the server Struggle = = up to now, more than 40 sets of quanta have been sold to friends
(PS solar energy is not cheap either. It's not expensive for minerals. Unlike nuclear power plants, which need to find rare uranium, solar energy consumes more common minerals, such as coal and iron. In fact, a group of solar cars are not cheap. If you have nothing to do, you can build water towers and wind power stations Patience and dedication can also be very effective)
beneficiation process of tin ores is gravity and gravity beneficiation. However, with the passage of time, the cassiterite particle size in the selected ore becomes smaller and smaller, resulting in cassiterite flotation process and selective flocculation process. In addition, there are many kinds of
iron oxide minerals in Tin Minerals, such as magnetite, hematite and limonite, which can not be well separated from cassiterite by flotation and gravity separation. Therefore, in recent years, magnetic separation has appeared in the tin ore dressing process. The main purpose of this magnetic separation operation is to separate tin from iron, which is different from the dry magnetic separation process for separating tungsten from tin. In a word, the processing method of tin ore has broken through the traditional single gravity separation process and entered a new period of combined use of several processing methods. However, gravity dressing is still the main method of tin ore dressing< The processing of raw ore can be divided into the following contents: ore washing, desliming, crushing, screening, proportioning, slurry mixing, heavy medium pre concentration, etc. For different concentrators, there are either all kinds of contents or only a few of them. The key points are as follows:
desliming operation is the key operation in gravity separation process, which directly affects the separation index. In China's existing concentrators, more than 80% of the raw ore is tin placer. For example, yunxisha tin ore contains 40-60 $% - 10
micron fine slime, which is an interference factor for any mineral processing method. In fact, desliming operation can be divided into two stages, one is the dissociation and dispersion of slime, the other is the separation of slime and sand. These two stages can be
carried out separately or synchronously. The main purpose of desliming is to dissociate and disperse the fine mud mixed with and attached to the coarse particles and the mud mass formed in the fine mud. At present, the desliming equipment used in China includes water gun and various ore washing machines. The dispersed slime can be removed directly by 125 mm (or 75 mm) hydrocyclone after screening (first desliming and then classification); More often, the overflow is first classified by a large diameter hydrocyclone (250 mm or
500 mm), and then deslimed by the small diameter hydrocyclone. In foreign countries, the diameter of desliming cyclone is as small as 50 mm, even 25 mm< In recent years, heavy medium preconcentration has been applied in domestic and foreign tin concentrators. Dachang in Guangxi and Gejiu in Yunnan adopted this process. Important tin concentrators in Australia, Bolivia and the United Kingdom are also using it. In China,
dense medium hydrocyclone is widely used. The d.w.p separator is developed abroad, and its effect is very good. The economic benefit of heavy medium preconcentration mainly depends on the waste removal rate. Generally speaking, if the waste removal rate is less than 20-25%, it has no economic value
in addition, cone concentrators are sometimes used as pre separation equipment< Ore dressing
2. Ore dressing of tin ore generally adopts multi-stage grinding and multi-stage dressing process, because cassiterite is brittle and easier to be over crushed than other associated minerals. The general number of segments is two to four
from the process point of view, if it is necessary to remove sulfide, there is a problem of desulfurization first or later, one-time desulfurization or multiple desulfurization, which should be determined according to the nature of the ore. In the tin separation system itself, according to the experience of our country, a secondary concentrate is proced between the shaker concentrate and the middlings, and it is treated in a centralized way, which is called "secondary concentrate centralized re washing". In addition to some monomeric cassiterite, most of the secondary concentrate is iron tin complex with coarse particle size. This part of the material is separated from the main flow by the re washing process, grinding and separation separately. As a result, the high iron content material can not be mixed into the general middlings, which will affect the separation of middlings. On the other hand, the separation efficiency of the secondary concentrate can be improved
the main equipments for ore dressing are jigs and shakers, and some use various types of chutes
another major problem of ore dressing system is how to rece the over crushing of cassiterite. The key to solve the problem is to try to make the cassiterite which has become a monomer no longer re grinding. At present, multi-stage grinding, multi-stage separation and fine screen as the closed-circuit equipment of grinding are all feasible schemes
narrow grade separation is also a successful experience of tin beneficiation in China
3. Slime treatment
China has accumulated rich experience in slime treatment, which has international advanced level
the slime treatment process is divided into two parts: slime pretreatment and slime separation
the pretreatment part of slime includes concentration and concentration of slime, so as to ensure the quantity balance and quality stability (particle size, concentration, etc.) of ore feeding into the slime separation system< Since the mid-1960s, the tin ore slime treatment process composed of a series of slime separation equipment developed by China has attracted the attention of the international mineral processing instry. The core part of this process is centrifuge belt chute grooved slime shaker, and the final concentrate is obtained from the shaker. In addition, according to recent progress, the possibility of using only two centrifuges to get lean middlings or even rich middlings is becoming a reality
the tin ore slime treatment process with Chinese characteristics has been in a more perfect stage after 20 years of changes. At the same time, foreign slime treatment equipment and processes are constantly emerging, such as the application of small diameter hydrocyclone,
Bartley & mozley turnover bed and cross flow belt, cassiterite flotation process and so on. China is also graally introcing and digesting these new equipment and new processes, so that the slime treatment process is improving< Cassiterite flotation technology appeared 60 years ago. The first cassiterite flotation workshop (50t / D) established in Germany with oleic acid as collector was put into operation in 1938. It has been 50 years since then. However, the cassiterite flotation
process has not been widely used in proction so far. The number of cassiterite flotation workshops that have been put into operation is very small. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the cost of reagents is too high; secondly, the toxic effect of reagents on the environment can not be ignored. However, as far as the mineral processing technology itself is concerned, cassiterite flotation technology has made progress, especially in the aspect of new flotation agents, which has opened up a broader field, especially the emergence of arsenate and phosphonate cassiterite flotation agents (typical examples are toluidic acid and styrene
phosphonic acid), which has significantly improved the flotation efficiency. In China, cassiterite flotation workshops have been established in Yunnan and Guangxi successively. In 1975, Guangxi Changpo concentrator built a cassiterite flotation plant with a capacity of 100 tons / day, using mixed
toluidine arsonic acid as collector, the grade of feed tin is 0.6%, the grade of concentrate tin is 25%, and the tin recovery is 65%
although there are some problems in the practice of cassiterite flotation, with the development of technology and economy, it will be used more widely as one of the methods of tin ore beneficiation< In the early 1970s, the wet high intensity magnetic separator made great progress in iron ore beneficiation, and was soon introced into the tin beneficiation process, and showed more and more important role in tin beneficiation
in tin beneficiation process, it can be generally used in three parts:
(1) magnetic separation of raw ore
after raw ore is prepared, it is treated by magnetic separation before entering the separation operation. In a sense, this can also be called magnetic grading (as opposed to grading by particle size). The non-magnetic part and the magnetic part are respectively fed into the main process of gravity separation. Among them, the non-magnetic part is relatively easy to process, which can obtain higher recovery and concentrate grade, while the magnetic part is more difficult to separate, which can not demand high-quality procts, but proce more middlings or even poor middlings
the same is true for other parts< (2) magnetic separation of secondary concentrate
as mentioned above, the secondary concentrate contains more iron minerals, which is a good part of magnetic separation
(3) concentrate magnetic separation
setting magnetic separation in the above two parts requires the separation of cassiterite and iron ore as much as possible. However, this is in contradiction with the purpose of recing the over crushing of cassiterite. After iron minerals enter the concentrate as a combination, they can be ground more fully, and there is less concern about over crushing cassiterite. Therefore, in practice, this scheme is accepted by more people.
1: raw ore treatment
the raw ore treatment of tin concentrator can be roughly divided into the following contents: ore washing, desliming, crushing, screening, proportioning, slurry blending, heavy medium preconcentration, etc. For different concentrators, there are either all kinds of contents or only a few of them. The key points are as follows:
desliming operation is the key operation in gravity separation process, which directly affects the separation index. In China's existing concentrators, more than 80% of the raw ore is tin placer. For example, there are 40 ~ 60% - 10 micro meter fine slime in yunxisha tin ore, which is an interference factor for any mineral processing method. In fact, desliming operation can be divided into two stages, one is the dissociation and dispersion of slime, the other is the separation of slime and sand. These two stages can be carried out separately or synchronously. The main purpose of desliming is to dissociate and disperse the fine mud mixed with and attached to the coarse particles and the mud mass formed in the fine mud. At present, the desliming equipment used in China includes water gun, various ore washing machines, etc. The dispersed slime can be removed directly by 125 mm (or 75 mm) hydrocyclone after screening (first desliming and then classification); More often, the overflow is first classified by a large diameter cyclone (250 mm or 500 mm), and then deslimed by the small diameter cyclone (first classified and then deslimed). In foreign countries, the diameter of desliming cyclone is as small as 50 mm, even 25 mm< In recent years, heavy medium preconcentration has been applied in domestic and foreign tin concentrators. Dachang in Guangxi and Gejiu in Yunnan adopted this process. Important tin concentrators in Australia, Bolivia and the United Kingdom are also using it. Dense medium cyclone is widely used in China. The d.w.p separator is developed abroad, and its effect is very good. The economic benefit of heavy medium preconcentration mainly depends on the waste removal rate. Generally speaking, if the waste removal rate is less than 20 ~ 25%, it has no economic value< In addition, cone concentrators are sometimes used as preconcentration equipment
2: ore dressing
the ore dressing of tin ore generally adopts multi-stage grinding and multi-stage dressing process, because cassiterite is brittle and easier to be over crushed than other associated minerals. The general number of segments is two to four
from the process point of view, if it is necessary to remove sulfide, there is a problem of desulfurization first or later, one-time desulfurization or multiple desulfurization, which should be determined according to the nature of the ore. In the tin separation system itself, according to the experience of our country, a secondary concentrate is proced between the shaker concentrate and the middlings, and it is treated in a centralized way, which is called "secondary concentrate centralized re washing". In addition to part of cassiterite, most of the secondary concentrate is iron tin complex with coarse grain size. This part of the material is separated from the main flow by the re washing process, grinding and separation separately. As a result, the high iron content materials can not be mixed into the general middlings, which will affect the separation of middlings. On the other hand, the separation efficiency of the secondary concentrate can be improved
the main equipments for ore dressing are jigs and shakers, and some use various types of chutes
another major problem of ore dressing system is how to rece the over crushing of cassiterite. The key to solve the problem is to try to make the cassiterite which has become a monomer no longer re grinding. At present, multi-stage grinding, multi-stage separation and fine screen as the closed-circuit equipment of grinding are all feasible schemes< It is also a successful experience of tin beneficiation in China
3: slime treatment
China has accumulated rich experience in slime treatment, with international advanced level
the slime treatment process is divided into two parts: slime pretreatment and slime separation
the pretreatment part of slime includes concentration (regrouping) and concentration of slime, so as to ensure the quantity balance and quality stability (particle size, concentration, etc.) of ore feeding into the slime separation system
since the mid-1960s, the tin slime treatment process, which is composed of a series of slime separation equipment developed by China, has attracted the attention of the international mineral processing instry. The core part of this technological process is centrifuge belt chute grooved slime shaker, and the final concentrate is obtained from the shaker. In addition, according to recent progress, the possibility of using only two centrifuges to get lean middlings or even rich middlings is becoming a reality
the tin ore slime treatment process with Chinese characteristics has been in a more perfect stage after 20 years of changes. At the same time, foreign slime treatment equipment and processes are constantly emerging, such as the application of small diameter hydrocyclone, Bartley mozley turning bed and cross flow belt, cassiterite flotation process and so on. China is also graally introcing and digesting these new equipment and new processes, so that the slime treatment process is improving
4: cassiterite flotation
cassiterite flotation technology appeared 60 years ago. The first cassiterite flotation workshop (50t / D) established in Germany with oleic acid as collector was put into operation in 1938. It has been 50 years since then. However, the cassiterite flotation process has not been widely used in proction. The number of cassiterite flotation workshops that have been put into operation is very small. The reasons are as follows: firstly, the cost of reagents is too high; secondly, the toxic effect of reagents on the environment can not be ignored. However, as far as the mineral processing technology is concerned, cassiterite flotation process has made progress, especially in the new flotation agent, which has opened up a broader field, especially the emergence of arsenate and phosphonic acid cassiterite flotation agents (typical examples are toluenesulfonic acid and styrene phosphonic acid), which has significantly improved the flotation efficiency. Cassiterite flotation plants have been established in Yunnan and Guangxi in China. In 1975, a 100 t / D cassiterite flotation plant was built in Changpo concentrator, Guangxi. Mixed toluidine arsonic acid was used as collector. The feed grade of tin was 0.6%, the concentrate grade of tin was 25%, and the recovery rate of tin was 65%
although there are some problems in the practice of cassiterite flotation, with the development of technology and economy, it will be used more widely as one of the methods of tin ore beneficiation
5: magnetic separation
in the early 1970s, the wet high intensity magnetic separator made great progress in iron ore dressing, and was soon introced into the tin dressing process, and more and more showed its important role in tin dressing
in tin beneficiation process, it can be generally used in three parts:
(1) magnetic separation of raw ore
after preparation, the raw ore is treated by magnetic separation before entering the separation operation. In a sense, this can also be called magnetic grading (as opposed to grading by particle size). The non-magnetic part and the magnetic part respectively enter into the main stream of gravity separation. Among them, the non-magnetic part is relatively easy to process, which can obtain higher recovery and concentrate grade, while the magnetic part is more difficult to separate, which can not demand high-quality procts, but proce more middlings or even poor middlings. The same is true for other parts
(2) magnetic separation of secondary concentrate
as mentioned above, the secondary concentrate contains more iron minerals, which is a good part of magnetic separation
(3) concentrate magnetic separation
setting magnetic separation in the above two parts requires the separation of cassiterite and iron ore as much as possible. However, this is in contradiction with the purpose of recing the over crushing of cassiterite. After iron minerals enter the concentrate as a combination, they can be ground more fully, and there is less concern about over crushing cassiterite. Therefore, in practice, this scheme is accepted by more people.