What are the profit models of mine pool

1.

Mine pool refers to:

as the computing level of the whole bitcoin network continues to rise exponentially, a single device or a small amount of computing power can not get the block reward provided by the bitcoin network on the bitcoin network

after the computing power of the whole network has been improved to a certain extent, the low probability of getting rewards has prompted some geeks on "bitcoin talk" to develop a method that can combine a small amount of computing power and operate jointly, and the website established in this way is called "mine pool"

extended data:

the existence of the mine pool reces the difficulty of bitcoin and other virtual digital currency mining, reces the mining threshold, and truly realizes the bitcoin mining concept that everyone can participate in

but its disadvantages are also very obvious, because computing power is connected to the mine pool. As a mine pool, it will have huge computing power resources. In the bitcoin world, computing power represents the bookkeeping right, and computing power is everything. If the computing power of a single mine pool reaches more than 50%, it will be easy to launch 51% attacks against virtual digital currencies such as bitcoin, The consequences are very terrible:

the mine pool can make the mine pool with 49% of the remaining computing power have no harvest, instantly quit the competition and go bankrupt. The mine pool's computing power exceeds 50%. If 51% attack is launched, it will easily occupy all the effective computing power of the whole network

2. The main reason is that the distribution mode of bitcoin is different: according to the operation mode, the common bitcoin pools are as follows: PPLNs, PPS, DGM, P2P ool, etc.

PPLNs: (the purest Group Mining) full name is pay per last n shares, which means "pay income according to the past n shares", which means that once all miners find a block, You will allocate the currency in the block according to the proportion of each person's own shares Share means share)

in PPLNs mode, luck is very important. If the mine pool can find many blocks in a day, then everyone's dividend will be very large. If the mine pool can't find any blocks in a day, then everyone will have no income

PPS: pay per share mode --- this mode is to pay for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This method reces the risk of miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operator. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks

in order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day

do you feel that this is a stable job? In fact, in order to avoid the risk of loss, the PPS model often charges a high handling charge of 7% - 8%< DGM: Double geometric method. It combines PPLNs and geometric reward type, so that the pool operator can avoid part of the risk. The pool operator will collect part of the excavated currency in a short time, and then return it to the miners with normalized value, such as charge and discharge of electric capacity. If you are lucky, you will get less money for each block and more money for poor luck

175btc: the mining node of 175btc works on a shares chain similar to bitcoin blockchain. Because there is no center, it will not be attacked by DOS. Unlike other existing mine pool technologies, each node's working block includes bitcoin paid to the owner of shares in the early stage and the node's own bitcoin. 99% of the reward (50btc + transaction cost) will be distributed equally to miners, and the other 0.5% will be awarded to those who generate blocks

bitcoin home has a detailed introction.

3. How to choose mine pool

ore pool cost

at present, the allocation modes of ore pool mainly include PPS, PPS +, FPPS, PPLNs and solo mode

in the corresponding allocation method, the mine pool charges part of the income of the miners at a certain rate as the mine pool fee

PPS: the income is stable. As long as the mining machine works normally, there will be income. The income is related to the submitted workload, and has nothing to do with the lucky value of the ore pool and the transaction fee

PPS + (pay per share plus) settlement method is an improvement on the traditional PPS settlement method. Based on the traditional PPS settlement method, the distribution of miners' fees is increased

FPPS: full PPS, which allocates all block income including transaction fees. Compared with the traditional PPS settlement mode (no transaction fee allocation), it can increase the income by 10% - 20%

under the PPLNs (pay per last n shares) settlement mode, every effective block found in the ore pool is allocated according to the proportion of user computing power in the pool computing power in the past n difficulty cycles. In this way, the income of miners is related to the output of ore pool. The income of miners is unstable, but the long-term average income is higher

in solo settlement mode, all the income is distributed to the miners who dig out the block, and other miners do not participate in the distribution. The mine pool charges very little handling charge, which is used for the operation and maintenance of the mine pool< How to choose a mine pool:

1< Secondly, choose your distribution mode, pursue stability or high income. It is generally recommended to choose PPS or PPLNs of large ore pool< Finally, according to the distribution mode, select the supported ore pool, and choose the one with fast connection speed and good income

4. In addition, 1-2 spare ore pools are selected for emergency use.

4. Bitfish mine adopts PPS mode: pay per share mode, which pays for each share immediately. The expenditure comes from the existing bitcoin funds in the mine pool, so it can be withdrawn immediately without waiting for the block generation or confirmation. In this way, the operation behind the scenes of the pool operators can be avoided. This approach reces the risk to the miners, but transfers the risk to the pool operators. Operators can charge fees to make up for the possible losses caused by these risks. In order to solve the problem that PPLNs sometimes has a high profit and sometimes has no profit, PPS adopts a new algorithm. PPS estimates the daily available mineral resources of the mine pool according to the proportion of your computing power in the mine pool, and gives you basically fixed income every day.

5. This is the way to calculate the income of coin'an mining pool; FPPS = theoretical income of average daily calculation power * (1 + transaction rate) * (1-pool handling rate).

6. This kind of game to make money, in fact, is very unreliable, you have to focus on work, hope to help you

7. In fact, merchants and players are responsible for making money by buying mining machines for new comers, and their mining machines are all controlled by the platform itself, which makes them have the most profits, and a small part of them gives you welfare, which makes you pull people hard. Like pyramid selling, the old players are responsible for cutting your leeks.

8. I believe you have been discussing PPS and prop recently, which is the best for miners? The generation of bitcoin block is: after the block is discovered by the mine pool, it will be broadcast to the whole network. After 120 times of confirmation, the block will be generated. PPS mode is: every time the miner contributes a bit of speed, the mine pool pays the miner the corresponding bitcoin. The bitcoin of the mine pool still comes from the real block generation, but before the real block generation, the mine pool pays the miner in advance. The prop mode is: after 120 times of confirmation, bitcoin will be allocated to miners according to the contribution of each miner. This mode is more consistent with the generation of bitcoin blocks. Why do miners dig up different amount of bitcoin every day in the pool of prop mode? PPS mode is paid in advance by the mine pool, so as long as the miners' speed is stable, the number of bitcoins they get every day will be stable. The prop mode requires 120 confirmations before the mine pool pays the miners. Because the real block generated by the mine pool is determined by probability, the number of bitcoins that the miners get every day will be different. Miners don't just dig for one or two days, so it's meaningless to discuss the number of bitcoins they dig each day in these two models. In prop mode, even if no real block is generated for the time being, the real block will be allocated to each miner according to the contribution of digging this block. Miners dig bitcoin for at least a few months, or even a few years, so in the long run, the amount of bitcoin g out by these two modes is the same.

9. 1. Information mode
this means that the purpose of profit can be achieved by providing various information services, which can also be divided into several categories. The first is Sina mode, which attracts a large number of netizens to visit by providing netizens with various kinds of information, such as news and information (its page becomes a billboard in the downtown market), so that its page has high commercial value. The second is the information website mode, that is, netizens release information, to establish a communication information platform for everyone, that is to build a bridge. Its value lies in that it reces the cost of traditional communication

at present, the vast majority of website revenue comes from this area. This model is based on a large number of users and visitors


2. Offline mode

offline mode is very funny. This way is more to make money by using offline operation. For example, many dating websites, such as VIP members, seldom make money, but many dating websites engage in offline activities, such as parties, dances, etc. they charge for tickets. For example, Ctrip and Yilong are such models. Their main income comes from offline air tickets, hotel reservation and tourism. For them, the website is just a display counter

the characteristic of this mode is that its profit point is achieved through offline transactions or activities.

in my opinion, C2C e-commerce also has this component, which belongs to the hybrid of information mode and offline mode


3. Expansion mode

this mode is rare at present. This mode is mainly manifested in the extension of Internet applications, such as online payment service. The characteristic of this mode is that it does not rely on information mode to make profits, but also does not rely on offline mode to make profits

note: the standard here is from the perspective of website, and it is evaluated from the method of website income. Not from the user's or global perspective. For example, when a user wants to buy a car, he goes on the car website, finds the advertisement, and then buys a car offline. From the overall point of view, there are both online and offline. However, from the point of view of the car website, Internet users can watch the car online, find the advertisement, and determine the purchase intention. Here, the task of the car website has been completed, that is, there is only one information mode

after looking at the current profit models of various websites, let's take a look at the three prerequisites for website profit

website profit premise, your website has a clear audience base. If

website wants to make profit, it must have a clear audience base

for the first second mode mentioned above, if there is no clear audience base, then the website traffic is garbage traffic, if you are not sure what people will come to see your website, So I'm afraid your website is n, such a website will not be sticky, so what's the significance of advertising in such a website?

10. 1、 Income from creditor's rights
1. The main profit model of financial leasing companies is to carry out full repayment of financial leasing business and obtain interest margin and rent interest income. According to the level of risk, the interest rate spread income is generally 1-5%
2. To allocate credit funds by means of financial leasing, banks of small and medium-sized enterprises can control the risk by increasing the interest rate or leasing rate, and to high-quality customers, they can also rece the interest rate. Because the accounting and tax treatment of leasing is different from that of loans, the actual financing cost of customers will not be higher or less than that of loans< Second, resial value income
1. Increasing the resial value disposal income of the lease is not only an important measure to control the risk of financial leasing, but also one of the important profit models of financial leasing companies (especially the professional financial leasing companies owned by manufacturers)
2. The manufacturer's professional financial leasing company has the professional ability of equipment maintenance and remanufacturing and a wide range of customer groups, and can provide a full range of financial leasing services, especially the business leasing welcomed by customers. For professional financial leasing companies, the disposal of the resial value of the leased property should not be a risk, but a new profit regeneration point. After maintenance and remanufacturing, the leased property can get better income through resale and re leasing of the leasing company. This is the core competitiveness of financial leasing companies
3. According to the transaction conditions and performance of the contract of the financial leasing company, as well as the actual income of re leasing and re selling after equipment recovery, after decting the receivable rent, maintenance and other related expenses, the income of resial value disposal is generally about 5-25%, and the income of some large general equipment such as aircraft and ships will be higher< Third, service income
1. Leasing service charge
leasing service charge is a contract management service charge that all financial leasing companies have. However, according to the size of the contract amount, the degree of difficulty, the amount of investment in the initial stage of the project, the level of risk and the differences in the operation mode of different companies, the standard of handling charge is also different, generally 0.5-3%
2. Financial consulting fee
in some large projects or equipment financing, financial leasing companies will provide customers with comprehensive financing solutions, and charge a certain proportion of financial consulting fee or project success fee according to the amount of financing. Depending on the size of the project, the proportion and method of collection will vary, generally around 0.25-5%
financial consulting fee can become one of the important profit means for independent financial leasing companies established by professional investment institutions to carry out asset securitization, financial leasing and trust, bond and financial leasing portfolio, and relay services. It can also become an important intermediary business for financial leasing companies of financial institutions
3. Trade Commission
as the buyer and investor of equipment, financial leasing companies promote the circulation of equipment, expand the market scale of manufacturers and suppliers, and realize the direct return of sales. It's a very normal way to make profits to collect sales commission or discount of scale purchase or commission of insurance and transportation
collecting various types of commissions in trade is often the main profit model of specialized financial leasing companies set up in the market, or independent financial leasing companies set up by financial investors such as large trading institutions that sign financial leasing outsourcing services with manufacturers
4. Service mix charge
financial leasing companies with manufacturer background will provide accessories and certain consumables supply, inspection, professional training and other services in the financial leasing contract. Some of these services are "free". In fact, there is no "free lunch" for any service. Financial leasing companies either charge separately or include them in the pricing of equipment. Combined services are one of the important profit models of professional financial leasing companies< Fourth, operating income (asset operation, proct portfolio, scale operation)
1. Fund raising and operation
(1) financial leverage
the sources of working capital of a financial leasing company can be multi-channel. When operating with its own funds, it can obtain an income higher than the loan interest rate of the same period. If a project uses part of its own funds, it can borrow part from the bank, Leasing companies have a financial leverage effect, not only their own funds can obtain a slightly higher rent interest income than the loan in the same period, but also the loan part can obtain an interest margin income
(2) overall use of funds
generally, the rent rate of financial leasing is equal to or higher than the loan interest rate of the same period, but as a fund operation platform, in the actual operation of fund-raising, the financial leasing company can completely pay according to the company's external payment, payment and payment of purchase contract in different periods According to the specific situation of the matching degree between the rent return of the financial leasing contract and the cash flow of repaying the e loan, the new amount and term of financing should be determined to obtain the balance income between the use of funds and the financing safely and reasonably
2. Proct portfolio services
financial leasing companies can also get good profits by strengthening cooperation with other financial institutions and developing different proct portfolios and proct relays in four directions: financing, accelerating capital turnover, dispersing business risks and profit models
3. Scale efficiency
scale operation is an important measure for financial leasing companies to improve shareholders' return on investment. For example, a financial leasing company with a registered capital of US $10 million can obtain a loan line of US $9000 from the bank after three years of operation, forming a stable scale of leasing assets of US $100 million. The average financing cost is 6%, the average rental rate is 8.5%, and the net income is 2%. The annual self owned funds can obtain 8% of the income of US $800000, and the annual borrowing of US $9000 can obtain 2% of the interest margin income of US $1.8 million, totaling US $2.6 million. The return on shareholders is 26%< 5. Tax saving income
in mature market economy countries, the non full payment of financial leasing business (i.e. operating leasing business in Accounting) often accounts for a large proportion of the total financial leasing business, especially the professional financial leasing companies with manufacturer background can reach 60-80%. Obviously, this kind of depreciation is withdrawn by the lessor and paid in front of the lessee's tax, which is the reason for the great vitality of the operating lease business. Tax saving or delayed tax payment is also one of the sources of income for financial leasing companies
1. Self tax saving
under the premise that the financial leasing company has a certain pre tax profit, the financial leasing company rents the office space, vehicles and information equipment it needs by operating lease, and the tax is paid before the tax, which can obtain the benefit of tax saving
2. Depreciation transposition
for operating lease services provided to customers, the lessor can obtain the benefit of delayed tax payment by making pre tax dection for the withdrawal or accelerated withdrawal of depreciation of the leased property< 6. Risk return
1. Contingent rent
contingent rent refers to the rent calculated on the basis of factors other than the length of time (such as sales percentage, usage, price index, etc.). Contingent rent can be paid directly before tax as an expense when it is actually incurred. For the lessors, the financial leasing companies are more involved in the risk of the use effect of the leased goods, and participate in the income distribution of the use effect. The risk of financial leasing companies is increasing, and the possible income is also relatively large
2. Convertible lease bond
developing convertible lease bond business is a new investment method adopted by professional investment institutions to control investment risk and obtain investment income
for high-risk investment projects, financial leasing companies can first use financial leasing for the equipment they need, and at the same time, it is agreed that under certain conditions, the lessor can convert the unrealized financial leasing claims into equity at the agreed price. In this way, we can obtain the value-added income of equity dividend or equity transfer after the success of the project.