Batch tools of ore pool
there are some points for attention in account setting. It is suggested to set a common account in e-mail
then there is the most important miner account setting. Miner obviously refers to CPU or GPU. You need to set an account for each CPU or GPU. Suppose you have two hd7990, you need to set four different accounts for four GPUs
after the account registration, it's time to take the second step. Download the bitcoin miner. Here we recommend the small and easy-to-use guiminer, which can support CPU, oepncl, CUDA and other computing modes. Your CPU and graphics card can achieve maximum performance
guiminer, a bitcoin miner, still needs to make certain settings. After the interface is changed to Chinese, it will be very simple
if the setting is correct, click the "start mining" button, the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, and you can also monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver
the computing power displayed by guiminer is only a theoretical value. To know the actual output of bitcoin, you need to log in to the mine pool website, btcguild, to monitor your account information
now let's assume that you have g up several bitcoins, which naturally exist in btcguild, a foreigner's website. They can't be traded or converted into paper money for the time being
the functions provided by bitcoin China trading platform are clear at a glance, and you can understand them as soon as you read them, so you don't need to introce them any more. After you register, you can study them slowly
click the "bitcoin recharge" function of bitcoin China trading platform, and the system will provide you with a one-time bitcoin digital wallet address. This address can only be recharged once (for security reasons of the platform). After successful recharge, it will be invalid, and then the system will provide you with another address. Remember to update the wallet address in time every time, Otherwise, it will lead to recharge failure or loss
OK, now we import bitcoin from foreign websites into bitcoin China website, and it's up to you to deal with it. Keep it for appreciation, listing and selling, and exchange it for RMB. Specific how to operate, this Chinese website is easy to operate, we slowly study it
finally, let's talk about the equipment used in the bitcoin mining test. At first, I thought it was just an ordinary hd7870, but its computing power was much better than that of the ordinary hd7870. The key is that guiminer recognized it as the Tahiti core, which is the only core of hd7900 series. Looking at gpu-z, the card originally had as many as 1536 stream processors, Generally, the hd7870 of Pitcairn core has only 1280 stream processors. No wonder Dylan's graphics card has super computing power
for friends who hang up for a long time, performance is not the most important, and stability is the most important.
unlike all currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity
on December 17, 2017, bitcoin reached an all-time high of $19850. On July 27, 2020, bitcoin broke through the $10000 mark again [2]<
Chinese name
bitcoin
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bitcoin
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encrypted digital currency
circulation platform
Network
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Nakamoto Tsung
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what is the single bitcoin selected
01:07
from the transaction of things In 2008, the global financial crisis broke out. On November 1 of the same year, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto published the white paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system [6] on the P2P foundation website, stating his new idea of e-money bitcoin came out. On January 3, 2009, bitcoin Genesis block was born
there are three bitcoins in total
compared with legal tender, bitcoin does not have a centralized issuer, but is generated by the calculation of network nodes. Anyone can participate in the manufacture of bitcoin, and it can circulate all over the world. It can be bought and sold on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where they are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or receive bitcoin, And in the transaction process, foreigners can not identify the user's identity information. On January 5, 2009, bitcoin, which is not controlled by the central bank and any financial institutions, was born. Bitcoin is a kind of digital currency, which is composed of a series of complex codes generated by computer. The new bitcoin is made by preset program
whenever bitcoin comes into the view of mainstream media, mainstream media always ask some mainstream economists to analyze bitcoin. Earlier, these analyses always focused on whether bitcoin was a scam. Now the analysis is always focused on whether bitcoin can become the mainstream currency in the future. The focus of the debate is often on the deflationary nature of bitcoin[ 7]
many bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that bitcoin can not be added at will. Contrary to the attitude of bitcoin players, economists have a polarized attitude towards the fixed amount of 21 million bitcoin
Keynesian economists believe that the government should actively regulate the total amount of money, and use the tightness of monetary policy to timely fuel or brake the economy. As a result, they believe that bitcoin's fixed aggregate currency sacrifices its adjustability, and worse still, it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They think that the less the government intervenes in money, the better. The deflation caused by the fixed amount of money is not a big deal, even a sign of social progress
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer[ 6]
in 2009, when bitcoin was born, block rewards were 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25. When the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million[ 3]
bitcoin is a virtual currency with limited quantity, but it can be used to cash out: it can be converted into the currency of most countries. You can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
on February 25, 2014, the opening price of "bitcoin China" was 3562.41 yuan. By 4:40 p.m., the price had dropped to 3185 yuan, down more than 10%. According to the historical market data of the platform, on January 27, 2014, 1 bitcoin could be exchanged for 5032 yuan. This means that in less than a month on the platform, the price of bitcoin has dropped by 36.7%
on September 9 of the same year, the US e-commerce giant eBay announced that Braintree, its payment processing subsidiary, would start accepting bitcoin payments. The company has entered into a partnership with coinbase, a bitcoin trading platform, to begin to accept this relatively new means of payment
although the eBay market trading platform and paypal business do not accept bitcoin payment, Braintree customers such as airbnb, a travel house rental community, and Uber, a car rental service, will be able to start accepting this virtual currency. Braintree, whose main business is to provide payment processing software to enterprises, was acquired by eBay in 2013 for about $800 million
on the evening of January 22, 2017, fire coin, bitcoin China and okcoin announced on their respective official websites that in order to further curb speculation and prevent drastic price fluctuations, all platforms will start to collect transaction service fees from 12:00 noon on January 24, and the service fees will be charged at a fixed rate of 0.2% of the transaction amount, and the active transaction and passive transaction rates are the same[ 8] On May 5, according to the latest data of okcoin, the price of bitcoin has just set a new record, reaching a high of 9222 yuan by the time of publication. From 12:00 noon on January 24, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees. On September 4, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions announced that China banned virtual currency trading
on December 17 of the same year, bitcoin reached an all-time high of $19850
on November 25, 2018, bitcoin broke the $4000 mark and then stabilized at more than $3000[ 9] On November 19, cryptocurrency resumed its decline, and bitcoin fell to the $5000 mark for the first time since October 2017, e to BCH's hard bifurcations and the regulatory authorities' enhanced scrutiny of the initial token issue (ICO)[ 9] At 4:30 a.m. on November 21, the offer of bitcoin on the coinbase platform fell below $4100, a 13 month low
in April 2019, bitcoin broke the $5000 mark again, reaching a new high in the year[ 10] On May 12, bitcoin broke through $7000 for the first time in nearly eight months[ 11] On May 14, according to the offer of coin market cap, bitcoin stood at $8000, up 14.68% in 24 hours[ 12]
on June 22 of the same year, the price of bitcoin broke through the $10000 mark. Bitcoin prices fluctuated around 10200, rising nearly 7% in 24 hours[ 13] On June 26, the price of bitcoin broke through $12000, a 17 month high since January last year[ 14] In the morning of June 27, the price of bitcoin was close to $14000, reaching a new high of the year[ 15]
on February 10, 2020, bitcoin broke through $10000. According to trading data, bitcoin's price rose more than 3%, breaking the psychological limit of $10000 for the first time since October 26 last year[ 16]
on March 12, according to the data of bitstamp, the cryptocurrency trading platform, the lowest price of bitcoin dropped to US $5731 at 19:44[ 17]
on May 8, bitcoin broke through the $10000 mark, a new high since February[ 18]
from 8:00 a.m. on May 10, the unit price of bitcoin fell by thousands of dollars from $9500 in half an hour, with the lowest price falling below $8200 and the highest price difference exceeding $1400[ 19]
at 6 p.m. on July 26, bitcoin rose rapidly for a short time, reaching a maximum of 10150.15usdt, with a maximum increase of more than 4% within the day. This is the first time since June 2, 2020 that bitcoin has exceeded the $10000 level[ 2]
bitcoin has been "forked" more than 100 times in two years. How about those forked coins now
a financial book
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it's easy to be attacked by hackers and ask for bitcoin! Network threat has been related to the life and death of enterprises<
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I bet that bitcoin will never die out
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visiting bitcoin mine in Xinjiang
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overseas mining rise: batch construction of us factories, On November 1, 2008, a self styled Satoshi Nakamoto published a bitcoin white paper, bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, on the P2P foundation website, stating his new idea of electronic money bitcoin came out
Wang yuexinyi, Professor of mathematics at Kyoto University, was born on January 3, 2009. Bitcoin uses distributed ledger to get rid of the constraints of third-party institutions, which Nakamoto calls "blockchain". Users are willing to dedicate the computing power of CPU and run a special software to be a "digger", which will form a network to maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they also generate new money. Business is also extended on this network. Computers running this software are scrambling to solve the problem of irreversible code, which contains several business data. The first miner to deal with the problem will get a 50 bitcoin reward, and the relevant trading area will join the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, the difficulty of each puzzle also increases, which keeps the proctivity of bitcoin in each trading area at about 10 minutes
in 2009, Nakamoto designed a digital currency, namely bitcoin. The booming bitcoin market has gone up and down, and the identity of its founder "Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about "the father of bitcoin" involve from the US National Security Agency to financial experts, and also give bitcoin a mysterious aura
according to foreign media reports, computer scientist Ted Nelson released a video on the Internet on Sunday, saying that he has determined that the founder of bitcoin is Shinichi Mochizuki, a professor of mathematics at Kyoto University. The founders of bitcoin have always used
After the computing power of the whole network has been improved to a certain extent, the probability of getting rewards is too low, so that some geeks on "bitcoin talk" can develop a method that can combine a small amount of computing power and operate jointly, and use this method to build websites
in this mechanism, no matter how much computing power an indivial miner can use, as long as he participates in mining activities by joining the mine pool, no matter whether he has successfully mined effective data blocks, he can get a small amount of bitcoin reward through his contribution to the mine pool, that is to say, many people cooperate in mining, and the bitcoin reward is shared by many people according to their contribution
as of January 2019, the top five bitcoin pools in global computing power are btc.com, pool, antpool, flush pool, and f2pool. At present, about 70% of global computing power is in the hands of Chinese miners
extended data:
handling charge:
bitcoin miners will charge a small amount of fees for most transactions, the main purpose of which is to prevent people from sending a large number of boring small transactions and wasting network resources. At present, most of the handling charges for each transaction are & T 3647; 0.0001/kb (0.0001btc / KB). In fact, after 0.9.0, the default handling charge will be reced to & 3647; 0.00001/KB(0.00001 btc/KB)
because the amount of data occupied by most transactions is less than 1 kilobyte, generally speaking, the amount of data is less than 3647; 0.00001 (0.00001 BTC / KB) is enough. At the same time, in the future, when the bitcoin block rewards are less, the service charge will become the main source of miners' income, and the service charge of bitcoin will be related to the number of bytes occupied by the transaction
at present, the calculation standard of service charge in bitcoin system is not mandatory, so users can not give any service charge when the transaction is in progress
however, most miners usually give priority to the transaction with higher handling charges when building data blocks, so that they can get higher remuneration when mining is successful. Therefore, the transaction without any handling charges may take a long time to be processed and incorporated into the blockchain
in addition, e to the block capacity limit of 1MB and the recent increase in bitcoin transaction volume, the handling charges have increased significantly, and the waiting time for the transaction to be confirmed has also become much longer
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
How to dig bitcoin:
< UL >01
first, download a bitcoin e-wallet from the Internet. It should be noted that the wallet is very large
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finally, fill in your miner's information in your mining tool. User name should fill in the miner's name. Remember to add the miner to your email in the form of your registered account