Graphene miner
Publish: 2021-04-28 19:50:24
1. The following is from Shanghai Securities News on August 31, 2010
the government's iron fisted "power restriction orders" frequently appeared, some "two high" enterprises are facing shutdown
the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" enters the countdown, and the government starts the general mobilization of energy conservation and emission rection. The national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of instry and information technology disclosed on the 30th that in order to ensure the achievement of the energy conservation and emission rection target of the 11th Five Year Plan (that is, the energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reced by about 20%), the State Council recently formed six inspection teams to conct special inspection on energy conservation and emission rection in 18 key areas. The relevant departments will supervise and urge the implementation of early warning and regulation in areas with difficulties in completing tasks
"in accordance with the current policy efforts, to achieve the goal of; There should be no problem with the targets of energy conservation and emission rection in the eleventh five year plan. " Jiang Kejun, a researcher at the energy system analysis and research center of the Energy Institute of the national development and Reform Commission, said
the "iron hand" level by level deployment supervision team is composed of 13 departments including the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of instry and information technology, and the Ministry of environmental protection. It mainly inspects the formulation and implementation of energy conservation and emission rection work plans in various regions; Progress in eliminating backward proction capacity; Strictly control the new "two high" projects; Implementation of key energy conservation and emission rection projects; Strengthen the management of key energy using enterprises; Energy conservation and emission rection in key areas; It includes seven aspects, including the formulation and implementation of the early warning and control scheme for energy conservation and emission rection
the 18 key areas include: Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Qinghai and Xinjiang. According to the feedback from different places, by the end of 2009, Taiyuan City in Shanxi Province had achieved more than 80% of the total energy saving target of the 11th five year plan, exceeding the energy saving progress target of the first four years of the 11th five year plan; Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province has achieved 80.38% of the total energy saving target of the 11th five year plan; Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, exceeded the target by 11.06 percentage points< However, the gap between 15.6% and 20% is still imminent in four months. Zhang Ping, director of the national development and Reform Commission, said last week when reporting the economic situation to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress that in the first four years of the eleventh five year plan, the energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 15.6%, with an average annual decrease of 4.2%; In order to achieve the goal of the 11th five year plan, we need to rece it by another 5.2% this year. Time is tight and tasks are heavy
the situation is pressing, "iron hand" has become the key word throughout the energy conservation and emission rection policy, and the relevant restrictions are as tight as one order. In early August, the Ministry of instry and information technology released a list of 2087 enterprises with backward proction capacity in 18 instries“ These enterprises have been divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. " Ministry of instry and information technology said that after the supervision, the problems found in the process of supervision will be summarized and submitted to the State Council<
the "two high" restrictions continue
the reporter learned that at present, various regions have introced price measures to punish high energy consuming instries. For example, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces have implemented the orderly power utilization scheme for high energy consuming enterprises, and eight types of high energy consuming enterprises, such as metallurgy, coal and chemical instry, have stopped proction and given up power; Jiangsu issued "peak load shifting and power restriction" to deal with high energy consuming enterprises; Shanghai has implemented instrial power rationing for the first time this year for enterprises in Pudong, Baoshan, Songjiang, etc.
people from the Ministry of instry and information technology said that at present, many places have formulated early warning and control plans. It is a common practice to restrict the energy consumption of high energy consuming instries in various schemes. Analysts of e-commerce information estimated that under the high pressure of the policy, the power rationing time for "two high and one low" enterprises in East China will continue until December. Some "two high" enterprises will have to consider transformation or shutdown
Zhang Ping stressed that to further curb the excessive growth of "two high" instries, it is necessary to comprehensively use economic, legal and necessary administrative means to ensure the completion of the target task of eliminating backward proction capacity in the third quarter of the year. In the next step, the "two high" instries will face more restrictions.
the government's iron fisted "power restriction orders" frequently appeared, some "two high" enterprises are facing shutdown
the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" enters the countdown, and the government starts the general mobilization of energy conservation and emission rection. The national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of instry and information technology disclosed on the 30th that in order to ensure the achievement of the energy conservation and emission rection target of the 11th Five Year Plan (that is, the energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reced by about 20%), the State Council recently formed six inspection teams to conct special inspection on energy conservation and emission rection in 18 key areas. The relevant departments will supervise and urge the implementation of early warning and regulation in areas with difficulties in completing tasks
"in accordance with the current policy efforts, to achieve the goal of; There should be no problem with the targets of energy conservation and emission rection in the eleventh five year plan. " Jiang Kejun, a researcher at the energy system analysis and research center of the Energy Institute of the national development and Reform Commission, said
the "iron hand" level by level deployment supervision team is composed of 13 departments including the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of instry and information technology, and the Ministry of environmental protection. It mainly inspects the formulation and implementation of energy conservation and emission rection work plans in various regions; Progress in eliminating backward proction capacity; Strictly control the new "two high" projects; Implementation of key energy conservation and emission rection projects; Strengthen the management of key energy using enterprises; Energy conservation and emission rection in key areas; It includes seven aspects, including the formulation and implementation of the early warning and control scheme for energy conservation and emission rection
the 18 key areas include: Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Qinghai and Xinjiang. According to the feedback from different places, by the end of 2009, Taiyuan City in Shanxi Province had achieved more than 80% of the total energy saving target of the 11th five year plan, exceeding the energy saving progress target of the first four years of the 11th five year plan; Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province has achieved 80.38% of the total energy saving target of the 11th five year plan; Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, exceeded the target by 11.06 percentage points< However, the gap between 15.6% and 20% is still imminent in four months. Zhang Ping, director of the national development and Reform Commission, said last week when reporting the economic situation to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress that in the first four years of the eleventh five year plan, the energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 15.6%, with an average annual decrease of 4.2%; In order to achieve the goal of the 11th five year plan, we need to rece it by another 5.2% this year. Time is tight and tasks are heavy
the situation is pressing, "iron hand" has become the key word throughout the energy conservation and emission rection policy, and the relevant restrictions are as tight as one order. In early August, the Ministry of instry and information technology released a list of 2087 enterprises with backward proction capacity in 18 instries“ These enterprises have been divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. " Ministry of instry and information technology said that after the supervision, the problems found in the process of supervision will be summarized and submitted to the State Council<
the "two high" restrictions continue
the reporter learned that at present, various regions have introced price measures to punish high energy consuming instries. For example, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces have implemented the orderly power utilization scheme for high energy consuming enterprises, and eight types of high energy consuming enterprises, such as metallurgy, coal and chemical instry, have stopped proction and given up power; Jiangsu issued "peak load shifting and power restriction" to deal with high energy consuming enterprises; Shanghai has implemented instrial power rationing for the first time this year for enterprises in Pudong, Baoshan, Songjiang, etc.
people from the Ministry of instry and information technology said that at present, many places have formulated early warning and control plans. It is a common practice to restrict the energy consumption of high energy consuming instries in various schemes. Analysts of e-commerce information estimated that under the high pressure of the policy, the power rationing time for "two high and one low" enterprises in East China will continue until December. Some "two high" enterprises will have to consider transformation or shutdown
Zhang Ping stressed that to further curb the excessive growth of "two high" instries, it is necessary to comprehensively use economic, legal and necessary administrative means to ensure the completion of the target task of eliminating backward proction capacity in the third quarter of the year. In the next step, the "two high" instries will face more restrictions.
2. Diamond is the application of its hardness can be used to cut glass
graphite can be used for bomb drawing, pencil lead drawing, battery cell drawing, etc.
physical properties: diamond is very hard, graphite has conctivity, lubricity and softness
chemical properties: normal temperature is very high, temperature can be burned
recibility
graphite can be used for bomb drawing, pencil lead drawing, battery cell drawing, etc.
physical properties: diamond is very hard, graphite has conctivity, lubricity and softness
chemical properties: normal temperature is very high, temperature can be burned
recibility
3. Due to its special structure, graphite has the following special properties:
1) high temperature resistant type: the melting point of graphite is 3850 ± The weight loss and coefficient of thermal expansion are very small even after ultra-high temperature arc burning. The strength of graphite increases with the increase of temperature. At 2000 ℃, the strength of graphite is doubled
2) conctivity and thermal conctivity: the conctivity of graphite is 100 times higher than that of ordinary non-metallic minerals. The thermal conctivity exceeds that of steel, iron, lead and other metal materials. The thermal conctivity decreases with the increase of temperature. Even at very high temperature, graphite becomes an insulator
3) lubricity: the lubricity of graphite depends on the size of graphite flakes. The larger the flakes are, the smaller the friction coefficient is, and the better the lubricity is
4) chemical stability: graphite has good chemical stability at room temperature, and is resistant to acid, alkali and organic solvent corrosion
5) plasticity: graphite has good toughness and can be made into very thin sheets every year
6) thermal shock resistance: when graphite is used at room temperature, it can withstand the drastic change of temperature without damage. When the temperature changes suddenly, the volume of graphite does not change much and there will be no cracks. Physical and chemical properties of diamond
(1) chemical composition: C. It often contains Cr, Mn, Ti, Mg, Al, CA, Si, N, B, etc
(2) color: light yellow, light yellow brown, light yellow green, brown, colorless (light yellow white, white, excellent white) occupy a certain number, rose, pink, light blue, green, black, Tan are very rare
(3) transparency: both colorless and light colored diamonds are transparent, and the measured transmittance of white and excellent white diamonds in colorless medium is more than 95%. The transparency of dark colored diamonds and ground glass etched diamonds decreases and appears translucent. The increase of inclusion content in diamonds also affects the transparency
(4) hardness: Mohr 10, new Mohr 15, microhardness 10000kg / mm2, microhardness is 1000 times higher than that of quartz and 150 times higher than that of corunm. The hardness of diamond is directional. The hardness of octahedron is higher than that of rhombic dodecahedron, and the hardness of rhombic dodecahedron is higher than that of hexahedron
(5) density: the density of diamond is closely related to the inclusion in diamond crystal. The density of pure diamond with colorless and transparent substance is 3.52g/cm3, and the density with inclusion is 3.44 ~ 3.53g/cm3
(6) polarizability: most diamonds show inhomogeneity under polarized light. Diamond belongs to equiaxed crystal system, which should be homogeneous in theory. However, diamond is formed in the geological body with pressure change, and the internal structure of diamond crystal is locally dislocated e to stress effect, so it shows inhomogeneous inhomogeneity, which is manifested in the inconsistency of extinction, For the first grade gray with very low interference color, few uniaxial crystal interference images can be measured
(7) refractive index (n): 2.4493 λ four hundred and thirty-six μ m)、2.4354( λ four hundred and eighty-six μ m)、2.4237( λ five hundred and forty-six μ m)、2.4176( λ five hundred and eighty-nine μ m)、2.4103( λ six hundred and fifty-six μ m)
(8) reflectance (R): 5.308% in oil and 17.29% in air
(9) lipophilic and hydrophobic: diamond is a kind of lipophilic and hydrophobic mineral. After rubbing oil on the crystal surface, halo can be seen. Oil droplets on the crystal surface diffuse immediately, while water droplets do not diffuse. Therefore, diamond can be separated by oil separation in mineral processing
(10) electromagnetism: diamond is a non-magnetic heavy mineral (P & gt; 2.9) therefore, electromagnetic separation (medium magnetic and weak magnetic) cannot be used in mineral processing
(11) conctivity: most diamonds are dielectrics, resistivity: 5 × one hundred and four Ω. Cm, type I and type II (IIA) diamonds are insulators, and the specific resistance is & gt; one thousand and sixteen Ω. The I-type (H B) diamond is a p-type semiconctor with a specific resistance of 10 ~ 103 cm Ω. When the temperature rises to 600 ℃ or drops to - 150 ℃, the resistance increases
(12) stiffness and strength: diamond has a great elastic molus, which is the highest grinding material in nature, with an elastic molus of 90000kg / mm. Because of its low friction coefficient and high antiwear ability, ball mill and cone mill are used to separate diamond. But diamond is very brittle and can't bear the impact of positive external force
(13) melting point: the melting point of diamond is 4000 ℃, the combustion temperature in air is 850 ~ 1000 ℃, and the combustion temperature in pure oxygen is 720 ~ 800 ℃
(14) luminescence: Diamond proces sky blue and light green fluorescence under X-ray, light yellow and sky blue fluorescence under long wave and short wave ultraviolet, but a considerable part of it does not emit light. Some in the sun after exposure to light blue phosphorescence. Blue and green fluorescence were observed under cathode ray
(15) gloss: it belongs to the standard diamond luster. Due to the melting effect and ground glass image, it can appear grease luster or gloss weakening
(16) dispersion: the dispersion of diamond is 0.044. Under the irradiation of natural light, it has a certain incidence angle to proce the decomposed spectral color on the diamond surface, commonly known as fire color
(17) thermal conctivity: diamond has good thermal conctivity, and the thermal conctivity is as high as 669.89 ~ 2009.66w / (m)
1) high temperature resistant type: the melting point of graphite is 3850 ± The weight loss and coefficient of thermal expansion are very small even after ultra-high temperature arc burning. The strength of graphite increases with the increase of temperature. At 2000 ℃, the strength of graphite is doubled
2) conctivity and thermal conctivity: the conctivity of graphite is 100 times higher than that of ordinary non-metallic minerals. The thermal conctivity exceeds that of steel, iron, lead and other metal materials. The thermal conctivity decreases with the increase of temperature. Even at very high temperature, graphite becomes an insulator
3) lubricity: the lubricity of graphite depends on the size of graphite flakes. The larger the flakes are, the smaller the friction coefficient is, and the better the lubricity is
4) chemical stability: graphite has good chemical stability at room temperature, and is resistant to acid, alkali and organic solvent corrosion
5) plasticity: graphite has good toughness and can be made into very thin sheets every year
6) thermal shock resistance: when graphite is used at room temperature, it can withstand the drastic change of temperature without damage. When the temperature changes suddenly, the volume of graphite does not change much and there will be no cracks. Physical and chemical properties of diamond
(1) chemical composition: C. It often contains Cr, Mn, Ti, Mg, Al, CA, Si, N, B, etc
(2) color: light yellow, light yellow brown, light yellow green, brown, colorless (light yellow white, white, excellent white) occupy a certain number, rose, pink, light blue, green, black, Tan are very rare
(3) transparency: both colorless and light colored diamonds are transparent, and the measured transmittance of white and excellent white diamonds in colorless medium is more than 95%. The transparency of dark colored diamonds and ground glass etched diamonds decreases and appears translucent. The increase of inclusion content in diamonds also affects the transparency
(4) hardness: Mohr 10, new Mohr 15, microhardness 10000kg / mm2, microhardness is 1000 times higher than that of quartz and 150 times higher than that of corunm. The hardness of diamond is directional. The hardness of octahedron is higher than that of rhombic dodecahedron, and the hardness of rhombic dodecahedron is higher than that of hexahedron
(5) density: the density of diamond is closely related to the inclusion in diamond crystal. The density of pure diamond with colorless and transparent substance is 3.52g/cm3, and the density with inclusion is 3.44 ~ 3.53g/cm3
(6) polarizability: most diamonds show inhomogeneity under polarized light. Diamond belongs to equiaxed crystal system, which should be homogeneous in theory. However, diamond is formed in the geological body with pressure change, and the internal structure of diamond crystal is locally dislocated e to stress effect, so it shows inhomogeneous inhomogeneity, which is manifested in the inconsistency of extinction, For the first grade gray with very low interference color, few uniaxial crystal interference images can be measured
(7) refractive index (n): 2.4493 λ four hundred and thirty-six μ m)、2.4354( λ four hundred and eighty-six μ m)、2.4237( λ five hundred and forty-six μ m)、2.4176( λ five hundred and eighty-nine μ m)、2.4103( λ six hundred and fifty-six μ m)
(8) reflectance (R): 5.308% in oil and 17.29% in air
(9) lipophilic and hydrophobic: diamond is a kind of lipophilic and hydrophobic mineral. After rubbing oil on the crystal surface, halo can be seen. Oil droplets on the crystal surface diffuse immediately, while water droplets do not diffuse. Therefore, diamond can be separated by oil separation in mineral processing
(10) electromagnetism: diamond is a non-magnetic heavy mineral (P & gt; 2.9) therefore, electromagnetic separation (medium magnetic and weak magnetic) cannot be used in mineral processing
(11) conctivity: most diamonds are dielectrics, resistivity: 5 × one hundred and four Ω. Cm, type I and type II (IIA) diamonds are insulators, and the specific resistance is & gt; one thousand and sixteen Ω. The I-type (H B) diamond is a p-type semiconctor with a specific resistance of 10 ~ 103 cm Ω. When the temperature rises to 600 ℃ or drops to - 150 ℃, the resistance increases
(12) stiffness and strength: diamond has a great elastic molus, which is the highest grinding material in nature, with an elastic molus of 90000kg / mm. Because of its low friction coefficient and high antiwear ability, ball mill and cone mill are used to separate diamond. But diamond is very brittle and can't bear the impact of positive external force
(13) melting point: the melting point of diamond is 4000 ℃, the combustion temperature in air is 850 ~ 1000 ℃, and the combustion temperature in pure oxygen is 720 ~ 800 ℃
(14) luminescence: Diamond proces sky blue and light green fluorescence under X-ray, light yellow and sky blue fluorescence under long wave and short wave ultraviolet, but a considerable part of it does not emit light. Some in the sun after exposure to light blue phosphorescence. Blue and green fluorescence were observed under cathode ray
(15) gloss: it belongs to the standard diamond luster. Due to the melting effect and ground glass image, it can appear grease luster or gloss weakening
(16) dispersion: the dispersion of diamond is 0.044. Under the irradiation of natural light, it has a certain incidence angle to proce the decomposed spectral color on the diamond surface, commonly known as fire color
(17) thermal conctivity: diamond has good thermal conctivity, and the thermal conctivity is as high as 669.89 ~ 2009.66w / (m)
4.
According to the main development trend of non-metallic mineral exploitation and utilization in the world and the current situation of non-metallic mineral resources and utilization in Henan Province, the development of non-metallic mineral instry in Henan Province must serve the economic construction of Henan Province and provide high-quality non-metallic mineral raw materials for the development of instry, agriculture and high-tech instry in Henan Province; At the same time, we should focus on the domestic and international markets, expand domestic and foreign sales, and increase the fiscal revenue of Henan Province. Give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary proctive force, strengthen the close cooperation between scientific research institutions, especially the National Research Center for comprehensive utilization of non-metallic mineral resources, luonai Institute, Sanmo Institute and other scientific research institutions, factories and mines, jointly tackle key problems, form a number of leading and exemplary achievements, and change the backward situation of only procing raw materials and primary processing procts as soon as possible, We should accelerate the transformation of non-metallic mining instry from simple labor-intensive to technological development, to the instrial development direction of deep processing procts, improve the economic benefits of factories and mines, and turn resource advantages into economic advantages
the nonmetallic minerals listed below are mainly developed in Henan Province from the 10th five year plan to 2010: ① kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite; ② Xinyang Shangtianti bentonite, perlite, zeolite, tuff and other non-metallic minerals; ③ Bauxite and refractory clay; ④ Graphite; ⑤ Rutile; ⑥ Sericite; ⑦ Nepheline syenite; ⑧ Natural alkali
in Henan Province, the following instries should be developed
In addition to large reserves, Henan Province also has a complete range of refractory minerals, including high alumina clay, hard clay (coke gem), soft and semi soft clay, bauxite, etc., as well as kyanite, bauxite, etc., which can be used to proce high-quality and special refractory materials Sillimanite, andalusite, forsterite and so on. At present, a proction scale of 2.5 million tons of raw ore and 1.5 million tons of refractory has been formed. However, the resources available for development and utilization are seriously insufficient, because there are more reserves of low-grade ores and less high-grade ores with high quality. Some foreign trade export units and refractories factories purchase high alumina mature materials with Al < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > content more than 85%, and aluminum factories only collect rich ores with Al / Si ratio greater than 8-10, which will inevitably lead to indiscriminate mining, with mining rate of only 30% - 40%, rapid rection of high-quality high alumina clay, destruction and waste of resources. In the face of this phenomenon, in addition to strengthening the administrative management of government departments, conscientiously implementing the "mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China" and making overall planning for resource development, it is more important to strengthen the research on Beneficiation and purification process of low and medium grade ores (al < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > content below 60%) to supplement the shortage of high-quality and high-grade ores, It not only ensures the sustainable and healthy development of refractory instry, but also ensures the demand of High Alumina ore for high alumina cement and alumina proction The key to improve the quality of refractory clay mineral procts in our province is to rely on the progress of science and technology and improve the proction technology and equipment level of mining, beneficiation and calcination. In order to ensure the stability of ore supply and the quality of ore, measures such as homogenization should be taken to rece the mixed grade in the mining process. Improving calcining furnace and adopting advanced calcining furnace are important measures to improve the quality of refractory clay clinker. In the calcination proction, we should graally eliminate some earth shaft kilns with small diameter and small height difference between inlet and outlet, transform and popularize large calcination shaft kilns with diameter greater than 3.0m and height difference between inlet and outlet of 10m, and build some downdraft kilns with the diameter of 100m < sup > 3 < / Sup > or above or 0.3m in places where conditions permit × 60m rotary kiln, so that the quality of calcined clinker continues to improve, in order to enhance market competitivenessdepending on the progress of science and technology, the refractory clay proct structure of our province should be updated. High quality high alumina clay resources (DUJIAGOU, JIAJIAWA, etc.) should be further processed to proce high quality high alumina hard refractories such as magnesia alumina spinel and mullite
In view of the current situation of low concentrate grade, low recovery and poor economic benefit, it is necessary to strengthen the research on "three stone" beneficiation process. The concentrate grade of Kyanite in acidic pulp beneficiation process is higher than that in alkaline pulp beneficiation process, but the equipment is seriously corroded. Desliming operation takes away part of fine Kyanite and reces its recovery. The reagent system of alkaline pulp beneficiation process is more strict than the former, which has poor adaptability to the ore. in order to ensure the concentrate grade, sometimes the grade of the selected ore has to be increased, thus increasing the beneficiation cost. There are similar problems in the processing of sillimanite and andalusite, so it is very important to study the "three stone" processing technology in Henan Province In the future, we should take Yinshan kyanite, Neixiang, Zhenping, Tong sillimanite and Xixia andalusite as the development objects, focus on the research on the technological characteristics of "three stone" minerals, and the comprehensive utilization of quartz, mica, garnet and other major associated minerals, so as to turn the resource advantages of "three stone" into economic advantages. In short, China's high aluminum mineral development and utilization base should be formed in Nanyang area, Henan Province, and its procts will occupy an important position in domestic and foreign marketsat present, the "three stones" in our province are mainly mining rich ore, high-quality ore, and selling beneficiation concentrate after beneficiation treatment, and the research on the proction of special refractory procts with them needs to be strengthened. It should be developed in the direction of high-grade series of andalusite brick, sillimanite brick and amorphous refractory. Increase the proportion of high-quality and high-grade refractory procts with high added value, and change the situation of only selling raw materials and low-grade procts
in order to meet the development requirements of domestic metallurgy and other high-temperature instries, and increase its share in the international market, a batch of high-quality synthetic refractory materials and high-efficiency procts with high technology content, good market prospect and instrialization should be developed as soon as possible, such as sintering materials, electric melting materials, rection nitriding materials, high-quality amorphous refractory materials, etc
to build a number of high-quality and efficient refractory raw material bases which are representative in technology and radiation in economy, and can drive related instries and have a certain scale. Such as thousand ton slide plate, thousand ton continuous casting nozzle, thousand ton vent plug, thousand ton high quality kiln furniture, thousand ton new unshaped refractory, thousand ton new century coke oven silica brick proction base
By adjusting the proct structure, the proportion of ordinary refractory procts decreased to less than 40%, the proportion of amorphous refractory materials increased to more than 35%, and the output value of high-quality and efficient refractory materials accounted for more than 70%. We will cultivate a number of leading enterprises with advanced management, strong technological innovation ability and annual output value of 100-500 million yuan Second, strengthen the comprehensive utilization degree of Shangtianti non-metallic minerals, and strengthen the development of raw ore deep processing instry. Among them, perlite, bentonite, zeolite, tuff and other instrial reserves of large, good quality has been well-known at home and abroad. The mining area has a good economic, traffic and geographical environment. Although the mine has been developed for many years, the resources have not been reasonably utilized. Basically, the raw ore is sold, and the economic benefit is very poor. In order to get rid of this situation, we must fully and rationally develop and utilize all kinds of minerals in Shangtianti, strengthen scientific experiment and research, and expand the varieties and application fields of various deep-processing procts The first is perlite, which is the main raw material of lightweight building materials. The rapid development of the construction instry puts forward higher requirements for building materials, which need a large number of new building materials with high strength, light weight, good heat and sound insulation performance, expanding the use area and improving the construction progress. According to the demand of construction market, the following procts should be developed: light perlite interior wall panel, light perlite exterior wall panel, light perlite wall block, perlite ceiling decorative panel, high-grade perlite roof insulation brick and tile, etc. To develop these procts, we should pay attention to solve the following technical problems The first is to transform the existing perlite expansion furnace or introce a new type of expansion furnace. At present, the expansion ratio of the expansion furnace used is small, the - 60 mesh perlite can not be put into the furnace, the proction efficiency is low, and the pollution is serious, especially the glass shell perlite beads which meet the requirements of the construction instry can not be expanded. However, the Japanese bought a large number of Shangtianti perlite sand and proced various sizes of glass shell perlite beads, which were made into high-grade light-weight building boards of various colors The second is to strengthen the research on comprehensive utilization of perlite powder and expand its application scope. Especially the utilization of - 60 mesh mineral powder. In addition to improving and manufacturing the new expansion furnace and expanding the size range of the slag powder, it is necessary to strengthen the experimental research on the silicon sources used as ceramic raw materials, perlite foam procts, filter aids, raw materials, abrasives, fillers and chemical procts, so as to solve the problem of resource waste and environmental pollution. p> The third is to develop the proction process of perlite plate. From preparation, mixing, molding, curing, drying to packaging and warehousing, a set of efficient, low-cost and complete proction process is formed, which completely changes the current backward proction mode of manual operation Fourthly, it is necessary to develop a new and practical early strength curing adhesive, which is a necessary material for the proction of perlite plate. This adhesive must have the characteristics of good bonding effect, firmness, weather resistance, non-toxic and low price In addition, new uses of perlite have been found. For example, as adsorbent: animal feces fast deodorization, activated with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, used for purification of wastewater and waste; As carrier material: it is used as carrier of insecticide and herbicide, and it still has fluidity after reabsorption. It can also be used for perlite cement mortar, which has the characteristics of flame retardant and good insulation, and is 60% lighter than conventional cement mortar; If reinforced fiber is added, the anti cracking strength is high, and the perlite cement slurry is easy to use. Perlite powder is a kind of rubber and plastic filler with better quality The main proct of Shangtianti bentonite ore is - 200 mesh calcium base powder after fine grinding of raw ore, which has poor technological performance and low economic benefit. In order to completely change the backward situation of relying mainly on the proction of - 200 mesh calcium based powder, we must first solve the problems of bentonite purification technology and equipment. Only the purified raw materials can be processed into high value-added procts. Aiming at the purification procts with different content of montmorillonite, organic bentonite, lithium-based bentonite, high-efficiency activated clay series procts and high-quality foundry clay were developed At present, the zeolite ore in Shangtianti is mainly used as cement raw material, so its application in agriculture, environmental protection and other fields should be strengthenedthe tuff of Shangtianti has high iron content, so it can be used as glass material instead of soda ash after removing iron
The Shangtianti non-metallic deposit is a variety of non-metallic deposits, which is a unique advantage. The mining area has a good economic, traffic and geographical environment, and has a certain foundation after years of development. It is necessary to strengthen the investment in Shangtianti mine, organize scientific and technological research, reform and update old equipment, focus on the proction of market-oriented deep processing procts, and graally build Shangtianti mine into a base for the comprehensive development and utilization of non-metallic mines in China Graphite is one of the dominant non-metallic minerals in Henan Province, mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Western and southwest Henan Province, with abundant reserves. Among them, Lingbao flake graphite ore and Xixia cryptocrystalline graphite ore are in the middle5. Unknown_Error
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