Price of screen straightener supplied
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the chemical composition of diamond is carbon, which is the only single element in gemstones and belongs to equiaxed crystal system. It often contains 0.05% - 0.2% impurity elements, the most important of which are n and B. their existence is related to the types and properties of diamonds. Its crystal form is octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregation. The pure diamond is colorless and transparent, showing different colors e to the mixing of trace elements. Strong diamond luster. The refractive index is 2.417 and the dispersion is medium, which is 0.044. Homogeneous body. The thermal conctivity is 0.35 cal / cm / S / degree. The most sensitive reaction was measured by thermal conctivity meter. The hardness is 10, which is the hardest mineral known at present. The absolute hardness is 1000 times that of quartz and 150 times that of corunm. I'm afraid of heavy impact. After heavy impact, I will cleave and break it. A group of cleavage is complete. The density is 3.52 g / cm3. Diamond has luminescent, sunlight, night can emit light cyan phosphorescence. X-ray irradiation, emitting sky blue fluorescence. The chemical property of diamond is very stable, it is not easy to dissolve in acid and alkali at room temperature, and acid and alkali will not affect it
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the difference between diamonds and similar gemstones and synthetic diamonds. The common substitutes or fakes in GEM market are colorless gem, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet and artificial rutile. Synthetic diamond was first developed by Japan in 1955, but it was not mass proced. Synthetic diamonds are rare in the market because they cost more than natural diamonds. Diamond with its unique hardness, density, dispersion, refractive index can be distinguished from similar gemstones. For example: imitation diamond cubic zirconia is colorless, with strong dispersion (0.060), strong luster, high density, 5.8g/cm3, and obvious hand weighing feeling. Yttrium aluminum garnet dispersion soft, the naked eye is difficult to distinguish it from diamonds
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if the delay off time and relay time are adjusted too short, they should be set at 0.2 ~ 0.4 seconds
the strength of the steel bar to be cut is too high. The steel bar that has been cut before can be cut again on the machine to distinguish that the strength of the steel bar to be cut is greater than 750N
At present, the methods of mineral recognition and mapping are characteristic band recognition and recognition based on similarity measure: ① using the characteristic band structure recognition technology of rock and mineral, this method is relatively intuitive, simple and feasible, but a single feature often leads to the wrong recognition of rock and mineral, and its accuracy is difficult to meet the needs of engineering application The accuracy of spectral reconstruction is high; ② Starting from the overall characteristics of rock and mineral spectrum, matching, fitting or decomposing the apparent reflectance data of imaging spectrum are also the focus of current research, which can effectively avoid the mismatch of single spectral feature caused by spectral drift or spectral variation of rock and mineral, and can comprehensively utilize the weak spectral information, It can avoid the confusion caused by local features (such as the recognition method based on single feature), and the recognition accuracy is high
for hundreds of bands of imaging spectrum, the amount of data is very large, especially at present, whether it is aviation imaging spectrum data, such as AVIRIS, CASI, hymap, etc., or in orbit space imaging spectrum data, such as Hyperion, the flight band is generally narrow, generally in 3-10km, which brings a lot of inconvenience to large-area application and increases the difficulty of large-area data processing, The workload is doubled under the current microcomputer configuration. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new technological process to carry out the identification of minerals, whether from the local characteristics or the overall characteristics of rock and mineral spectrum, and to carry out the engineering processing under the condition of ensuring the identification accuracy
in the comparative study of imaging spectral data characteristics and recognition methods, combined with the actual work and the preliminary requirements of engineering processing, under the condition of ensuring the recognition accuracy, the technical process of standard database spectrum + spectrum feature domain conversion + mineral recognition method is designed. The main functions of this process are as follows:
(1) directly carry out the identification and information extraction of altered minerals: Based on the comprehensive study of rock types, structures, hydrothermal activities and minerals in the experimental area, extract altered minerals closely related to mineralization, and use the spectra of standard library or field measured spectra as reference spectra
(2) transform the spectral domain and feature domain to rece the dimension and compress the data, rece the workload and improve the work efficiency: the imaging spectral data band is more than 100, and the single processing data volume can reach 1gbytes with different flight band width and recording length, and the single flight band of intermediate transition file can reach 10gbytes; In the previous processing, the flight band is often divided into smaller areas for processing and then stitching. Using MNF technology, the whole spectral domain space can be converted to the feature domain space, eliminating the correlation between the components of the original spectral vector, so as to remove the vector with less information and higher noise, and make the data processing from hundreds of spectral domain to the denoised feature domain, Rece the amount of data, shorten the data processing time, improve the efficiency of data processing
(3) feature separation can increase the separability of different minerals and improve the accuracy of mineral recognition: in the feature domain space of MNF transformation and noise band elimination of imaging spectral data, different bands are given different physical or mathematical meanings, the spectral features of ground objects are separated in the feature domain, and the fine features of ground objects are amplified, which increases the separability of data
4.4.2.1 spectral feature domain conversion
the improvement of spectral resolution, on the one hand, improves the accuracy and application ability of data classification and recognition, on the other hand, increases the capacity of data, and also makes the data highly rendant and highly correlated. Effective data compression and feature extraction is imperative. In general, a series of image spectral data compression and feature extraction methods are derived by using the corresponding changes of traditional principal component transform, such as MNF transform (Kruse, 1996; Green et al., 1998), napc (Lee et al., 1990), block principal component transform (Jia et al., 1998) and principal component based correspondence analysis (CARR et al., 1999). Spatial autocorrelation feature extraction (Warner et al., 1997), subspace projection (Harsanyi et al., 1994) and second-order feature analysis of high-dimensional data (Lee et al., 1993; Haertel et al., 1999). The use of non-linear wavelet and fractal features (Qiu et al., 1999) is also under study
Principal component analysis (PCA) is to determine the transformation matrix according to the statistical characteristics of the image, and carry out orthogonal linear transformation on the multi-dimensional (multi band) image, so that the new component images after transformation are not correlated with each other, and the useful information in multiple bands is concentrated in a few component images as much as possible (Fig. 4-4-1). Generally, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the increase of the order of principal components. However, it does not fully conform to this rule when there are many bandsin order to improve the data processing ability of principal components in hyperspectral dimension, the maximum noise component transform (MNF) method was used (Gan, 2001; P > 0; Gan Fu et al., 2002-2003). The method uses the noise component matrix of the image Σ< sub>N Σ< The feature vectors of sup > - 1 < / sup >) transform the image, so that the noise components of the transform components sorted by the feature values from large to small are graally reced, and the image quality is improved in turn. Σ Is the total covariance matrix of the image, Σ< Sub > n < / sub > is the covariance matrix of image noise. MNF is equivalent to principal component analysis when all band noise variances are equal, so it can be implemented in two steps. The first step is to transform the image to a new coordinate system so that the covariance matrix of the transformed image noise is the unit matrix; In the second step, principal component transform is applied to the transformed image. This improved algorithm is called "noise adjusted principal component transform (napc)"
for P-band hyperspectral images
Z < sub > I < / sub > (x), I = 1, 2,..., P (4-4-1)
it can be assumed that
Z (x) = s (x) + n (x) (4-4-2)
here, Z < sup > T < / sup > (x) = {Z < sub > 1 < / sub > (x),..., Z < sub > P < / sub > (x)}, s (x) and n (x) are independent information components and noise components in Z (x) respectively. Therefore,
cov {Z (x)} = ∑ = ∑ < sub > s < / sub > + ∑ < sub > n < / sub > (4-4-3)
∑ < sub > s < / sub > and ∑ < sub > n < / sub > are covariance matrices of S (x) and n (x) respectively. Therefore, the I-band noise component,
var {n < sub > I < / sub > (x)} / var {Z < sub > I < / sub > (x)}, can be defined 4-4-@4
select linear transformation, MNF transformation can be expressed as
imaging spectral rock and mineral identification method technology research and influence factor analysis
in the transformation, At the same time, in order to separate noise and information, s (x) is orthogonal to Z (x) and n (x) respectively
Fig; The other is to make the image vector, information component and additive noise component perpendicular to each other. Multiplicative noise can be transformed into additive noise by logarithmic transformation. After the transformation, the denoising of each component image can be targeted, or the component with dominant noise can be discarded. The eigenvalue curve of MNF transformation is shown in figure 4-4-1
4.4.2.2 feature separation
in the feature domain after MNF transformation, different bands have different physical and mathematical meanings. For example, the first band after transformation represents the brightness information of the ground object, and the seventh or eighth band represents the terrain information. In MNF transform, by separating the signal from the noise, the information is more concentrated in the limited feature set, and some weak information is enhanced in the denoising transformation. At the same time, in the MNF conversion process, the spectral feature vector set is gathered to enhance the classification information
Fig. 4-4-2 is the curve profile of some mineral spectra before and after MNF transformation. From the right figure, it can be seen that the information and noise are orderly concentrated in some limited bands. By abandoning the noise band or other processing, the influence of noise can be reced or eliminated accordingly. At the same time, information is easier to distinguish than the original data
4.4.2.3 mineral identification
the method of spectral similarity measurement is mainly used for mineral identification. Based on the similarity probability of the whole spectrum shape feature, the mismatching of single spectrum feature caused by spectral drift or spectral variation of rocks and minerals can be effectively avoided, and the weak spectral information can be comprehensively utilized
Fig. 4-4-2 feature comparison of mineral spectrum before and after MNF transformation. Using the reconstructed spectral data after atmospheric correction, we can selectively use the above mineral recognition techniques to identify the end member minerals. The spectral angle method can directly select endmember minerals for matching, and finally generate binary image, which is simple and easy to operate, and can obtain high recognition accuracy on the premise of reasonable and reliable threshold
spectral angle technique is one of the better methods in the identification and extraction of rock and mineral geological information by imaging spectrum (Wang Zhigang, 1993; Liu Qingsheng, 1999). The method of spectral angle recognition is based on the multi-dimensional spectral vector space, which is composed of spectra θ The similarity measure between the reference spectral endmember vector (R) and the image pixel spectral vector (T) is solved, that is:
imaging spectral rock and mineral identification technology research and influence factor analysis
< P > here, ‖ * ‖ is the molus of the spectral vector. The reference endmember spectrum can come from laboratory, field measurement or image pixel spectrum of known categories. θ Between 0 and π/ The smaller the value is, the higher the similarity is, and the more reliable the information is. Through reasonable threshold selection, the binary image of mineralization and alteration information can be obtained4.4.2.4 the selection of threshold value and the connection of information between flight bands
there is the segmentation of non mineral information in spectral angle technology, spectral matching and mixed spectral decomposition, so the selection of threshold value is an important problem that must be faced. This is not only related to the reliability of the identified minerals, but also related to the size of mineral distribution. At the same time, e to the influence of atmospheric correction error and noise, the spectral characteristics of the same ground object are different among different bands, which may make the spatial distribution characteristics of minerals extracted in all the diagnosis and consistency between the bands, and increase the difficulty of mapping. Therefore, the following principles should be followed in the selection of threshold: the overall consistency and the transition of navigation zone should be considered while removing obvious false information and retaining reliable mineralization alteration information
4.4.2.5 technical process
combined with imaging spectral data preprocessing, according to the actual application, the technical process of imaging spectral remote sensing geological survey can be summarized, as shown in Figure 443
Screen does not say "mesh", "mesh" is just a habit of people to describe the screen, it is difficult to overcome. Screen is different from the general mesh procts, that is, it has a strict mesh size, rather than "mesh"
the so-called screen is different from the general mesh procts. But there are strict series mesh sizes. And it has the function of grading and screening the particles, which is in line with the instry, institutions and standards. Screen size is not isolated, it has a series of mesh size composition, the purpose is to grading screening
the screen is woven with metal wire or fiber wire, and the aperture is 0.15 ~ 1 mm. It can remove and recover different types of suspended solids, and screen separation has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and low operation cost
is generally used for small-scale wastewater treatment. There are many kinds of screen, the main two are vibrating screen and hydraulic screen
extended data:
work characteristic energy
four functions of metal mesh: screen, filter, protection and fixation. Screen: mainly used in metallurgy, coal, rubber, petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, automotive, ceramics, glass and other instries for solid particles, powder, screening, etc
filtration: mainly used for mud screen in petroleum instry, pickling screen in chemical fiber electroplating instry and liquid gas filtration and purification. Protection: mainly used for civil construction batch cement, raising chickens, cks, geese, rabbits and zoo fence
mechanical equipment protection, highway guardrail, stadium fence, road green belt protection net. Solid: can be used in construction instry, highway, bridge as reinforcement and skeleton support
characteristics of metal screen
1, precision knitting
2, mesh rules
3, reliable filtering precision
4, high compressive strength
5, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance
6, good wear resistance
7, good formability
selection points
screen is the inevitable proct of the refinement of coal mine, iron ore, instry and chemical raw materials, and it is the composition of tiny cells of social development, which indirectly or directly affects the development of society. The selectivity of the screen is mainly based on the characteristics of the screen
the selectivity of screen mainly depends on the characteristics of screen, material, wire diameter, mesh, service life, price, etc. These elements of the screen are related to each other. The diameter of the wire directly affects the service life and price of the screen. The wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and magnetism of materials are directly related to the price of screen
according to the classification of raw materials
according to the raw materials used, it can be divided into silk screen, metal wire screen and synthetic fiber screen
silk screen
silk screen is made of mulberry silk with different sizes according to specifications, which is woven with full twist, half twist or plain weave, and the weaving method is similar to that of mesh. When the number of mesh is small, it is made up of full skein yarn. When the number of mesh is large, it is made up of half skein yarn or plain weave. The size of silk screen is 4-62 holes / cm, which is mostly used for grain instry and for grinding wheel and emery cloth factory
wire screen
metal screen is a kind of mesh proct made of metal wire through certain technical methods. It is made of copper wire, stainless steel wire, iron wire and steel wire. The diameter of wire is mostly 4-0.025mm
Plain weave, twill weave and mat weave are generally used. The metal screen has clear and correct holes, flat and upright mesh surface, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and other characteristics, and the stainless steel screen can also resist corrosion. Therefore, metal screen is mostly used for powder screening and oil filtration
metal screen
metal screen can be divided into: stainless steel square mesh, stainless steel dense mat mesh, stainless steel embossed mesh and so on. Stainless steel square mesh is widely used in solid material screening and liquid filtration
it involves many instries, such as chemical instry, food and condiment instry, mining instry, pharmacy, papermaking, metal powder manufacturing, fertilizer instry. Stainless steel dense mesh is suitable for gas, liquid filtration and other media separation. It is widely used in precision pressure filter, fuel filter, vacuum filter and other instries
metal screen
metal screen can be divided into: stainless steel square mesh, stainless steel dense mat mesh, stainless steel embossed mesh and so on. Stainless steel square mesh is widely used in solid material screening and liquid filtration
it involves many instries, such as chemical instry, food and condiment instry, mining instry, pharmacy, papermaking, metal powder manufacturing, fertilizer instry. Stainless steel dense mesh is suitable for gas, liquid filtration and other media separation. It is widely used in precision pressure filter, fuel filter, vacuum filter and other instries
manganese steel screen
manganese steel screen: manganese steel is a kind of high-strength anti manganese steel, which is mainly used to withstand the impact, extrusion, material wear and other adverse working conditions. The main form of damage is wear consumption, partial fracture and deformation
There are three types of wear: friction and wear between the surfaces of metal components which contact each other and move; Abrasive wear caused by other metal or nonmetal materials striking metal surface and erosion wear caused by flowing gas or liquid contacting metal The wear resistance of wear-resistant steel depends on the material itself, and the wear resistance of wear-resistant steel is different under different working conditions. The wear resistance of wear-resistant steel depends on the material itself and working conditions
synthetic fiber screen
there are two kinds of synthetic fiber screen: nylon or polyester filament and brown. The filament is made of 15-30 denier monofilament, and the surface of mesh hole is smooth, which is good for filtration. The fabric can be made of plain, square and plain weave, with the specification of 19-104 holes / cm
It can also be used to screen fine particles such as fluorescent powder of picture tube and magnetic powder of magnetic tape. Brown silk screen uses coarse nylon brown silk as raw material, with a diameter of 0.55-0.1 mm. The fabric is mostly plain mat structure, which is used for mineral processing, filtering pulp, conveyor belt, etc. Synthetic fiber screen has the characteristics of no rust and corrosion resistance, which can replace part of metal screenapplication fields
screen application fields are all over instry, science and technology, agriculture and national defense. From the top of science and technology, instry, down to clothing, food, housing and transportation, cultural life, it develops synchronously with the national economy and is closely related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Mainly used in: aviation, aerospace, printing, dyeing, electronics, mining, pharmaceutical, food, food processing, chemical instry
source of reference: network screen
1 The basic principle of magnetic separation
1. The process of magnetic separation
magnetic separation is a kind of mineral processing method, which is based on the different magnetic properties of various minerals and receives different forces in the magnetic field of the magnetic separator, so that the minerals can achieve the purpose of separation. When the mixture of ore particles passes through the magnetic field of the magnetic separator, e to the different magnetic properties of the ore particles, under the action of the magnetic field, their movement paths are also different. The magnetic particles are attracted by the magnetic force and adhere to the cylinder of the magnetic separator. When they are brought to a certain height, they fall off from the cylinder. Non magnetic particles are not attracted by magnetic force. Results magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles were separated and two kinds of procts were obtained
magnetic separation is the main method to separate ferrous metal ore, especially magnetite ore and manganese ore. Magnetic separation is also widely used in rare metal ore dressing. Figure 6-3-3 shows the principle process flow chart of magnetic separation
Magnet and magnetic field are divided into natural magnet and artificial magnet. Artificial magnet is divided into two kinds: one is made of magnetic materials (such as magnetic alloy, ceramic magnet, etc.), which is called permanent magnet; The other is to wind a coil on the outside of the iron core. When the coil is connected with direct current, it will proce magnetism. The magnet whose magnetism disappears after power failure is called electromagnet The magnetic field can be divided into uniform magnetic field and non-uniform magnetic field. In a uniform magnetic field, the intensity and direction of the magnetic field at any point are the same. For example, the middle part of two relatively close planar magnetic poles is like this. In a uniform magnetic field, the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is uniform. At this time, the particles are in a state of equilibrium, so the purpose of separation cannot be achieved. In the non-uniform magnetic field, the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field intensity at each point are different. At this time, the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is not uniform, so the magnetic minerals will move under the action of magnetic force to achieve the purpose of separation. The magnetic separator only uses non-uniform magnetic field. In the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is directly proportional to the degree of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field. The more inhomogeneous the magnetic field is, the greater the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles will be. The inhomogeneity of magnetic field intensity is usually expressed by magnetic field gradient (variation of magnetic field intensity per unit distance), and the unit is Auster / cm
Fig. 6-3-3 principle process flow chart of magnetic separation method. All the materials that can proce magnetism under the action of magnetic field are called magnetic materials. The process of making a magnetic substance show magnetism is called magnetization
The degree of magnetization of a substance is expressed in terms of magnetization, in Gauss. According to the experiment, the magnetization I is proportional to the magnetic field strength h of the magnetized magnetic field, that is:
Introction to exploration, mining and dressing of solid minerals
k < sub > o < / sub > - magnetization coefficient. K < sub > o < / sub > is a coefficient indicating the degree of difficulty of magnetization, which is determined by the nature of the material itself
The degree of magnetization ofmaterial can also be expressed by magnetic inction intensity. The relationship between magnetic inction intensity B and magnetic field intensity H of magnetized magnetic field is as follows:
Introction to exploration, mining and dressing of solid mineral resources μ—— Permeability coefficient. In vacuum (or air) μ= 1
Magnetization coefficient (k < sub > o < / sub >) and permeability coefficient ofmatter μ There are the following relations in quantity:
Introction to exploration, mining and beneficiation of solid minerals
the magnetism of minerals is usually expressed by the magnetic coefficient of minerals. The value of magnetic coefficient of most minerals (weak magnetic minerals) is fixed, and only a few minerals (strong magnetic minerals) change with the shape, size and magnetic field of ore particles
According to the specific magnetic coefficient of minerals (magnetic coefficient per unit mass of minerals), the minerals are divided into three categories:(1) strong magnetic minerals: such as magnetite, titanomagnetite, sphalerite spinel, pyrrhotite, etc
(2) weak magnetic minerals: such as hematite, pseudo hematite, limonite, siderite, ilmenite, manganite, hard manganese, biotite, pyroxene, etc (3) non magnetic minerals: such as calcite, quartz, feldspar, chalrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, etcafter oxidation, magnetite partially or completely becomes pseudo hematite (the crystal shape is the same as magnetite, and the chemical composition is hematite). With the increase of oxidation degree of magnetite, the magnetic properties of minerals decrease. The molecular formula of magnetite is Fe < sub > 3 < / sub > o < sub > 4 < / sub > (or Fe < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub > · FeO), and that of hematite is Fe < sub > 2 < / sub > o < sub > 3 < / sub >. Therefore, the content of FeO changes with the oxidation degree of magnetite
some iron ore concentrators in China often use magnetic rate to express the magnetic properties of ores. Magnetic rate is the ratio of the content percentage of ferrous oxide in ore and the content percentage of all iron in ore, that is:
Introction to exploration, mining and beneficiation of solid minerals
the magnetic rate of pure magnetite is 42.8%. Generally, the iron ore with magnetic rate more than 36% is classified as magnetite; Iron ores with magnetic properties ranging from 28% to 36% are classified as pseudo hematite; Iron ores with magnetic properties less than 28% are classified as hematite
for the ores containing iron silicate, siderite, pyrite, limonite and Specularite, the magnetic properties of ores can not be correctly reflected by magnetic properties. Therefore, the use of magnetic properties is conditional
Magnetic characteristics of minerals (1) magnetic characteristics of strong magnetic minerals: we can understand the magnetic characteristics of general strong magnetic minerals by studying the magnetic properties of magnetite The specific magnetization coefficient ofmagnetite is not a constant, it changes with the intensity of external magnetic field. It is easy to be magnetized in a magnetic field. When the magnetic field is low, the magnetization of magnetite can reach magnetic saturation. That is to say, the magnetization or magnetic inction of magnetite will not increase with the increase of the magnetic field strength of the external magnetic field. After the magnetite leaves the magnetic field, the mineral can not return to the state before entering the magnetic field, but retains certain magnetism. This phenomenon is called remanence phenomenon. To get rid of the remanence, we need to apply a reverse magnetic field to it. The strength of the reverse magnetic field applied to remove the remanence completely is called coercivity
(2) the magnetic characteristics of weak magnetic minerals: compared with strong magnetic minerals, the specific magnetic coefficient of weak magnetic minerals is much smaller and does not change with the intensity of external magnetic field; There is no remanence in weak magnetic minerals; The magnetism of pure weak magnetic minerals is very weak, but if a small amount of strong magnetic minerals are mixed in, its magnetism will change greatly. For example, if there is a small amount of magnetite left in the pseudo hematite, its magnetism will be greatly improved. This point should be paid special attention to in the separation of weak magnetic minerals, especially in the separation Classification magnetic separation equipment is generally divided into weak magnetic field magnetic separation equipment and strong magnetic field magnetic separation equipment according to the strength of magnetic field (also divided into weak magnetic field, medium magnetic field and strong magnetic field) (1) weak magnetic field: the magnetic field intensity is less than 3 000 Oster, which is mainly used for the separation of strong magnetic minerals (2) strong magnetic field: the magnetic field intensity is more than 3 000 Oster, which is mainly used for the separation of weak magnetic minerals Secondly, the magnetic separation equipment is divided into dry type and wet type according to the pulp treatment or dry ore treatment. Dry equipment generally deals with coarse or large materials, while wet equipment deals with fine and fine materials. According to the magnetic source of magnetic separator, there are permanent magnet type and electromagnetic type. The common magnetic separation equipment and its main uses are shown in table 6-3-6
table 6-3-6 list of commonly used magnetic separation equipment
continuation
2. Low field magnetic separator
(1) wet permanent magnetic cylinder magnetic separator: the cylinder is rolled with stainless steel plate, and the cylinder surface is protected by a layer of wear-resistant material (rubber or copper wire), which can prevent the cylinder from abrasion and strengthen the adhesion and carrying effect of the cylinder on magnetic minerals. The cylinder is driven to rotate by the motor through the recer. The magnetic system is installed in the cylinder and fixed on the spindle. The magnetic pole alternates with the S pole along the circumference. The magnetic system is fixed in the process of separation. The bottom box is made of non-magnetic materials or materials with poor magnetic conctivity, such as stainless steel plate, copper plate, hard plastic plate, wood plate, etc. The lower part of the bottom box is the water supply area, in which there is a flushing pipe, which is used to adjust the concentration of the mineral slurry, so that the ore particles enter the separation space in a "loose" state, which can not only prevent the precipitation of the ore particles in the slurry, but also improve the separation effect
after the pulp enters the bottom box of the magnetic separator, it will enter the feed area in a loose suspension state under the action of the water from the flushing pipe. Under the action of magnetic field, the magnetic particles are absorbed on the surface of the cylinder and rotate with the cylinder. When it leaves the magnetic system, the magnetic field intensity is greatly reced, and a flushing pipe is set here to flush the magnetic ore particles into the concentrate tank. Under the action of pulp flow in the bottom box, non-magnetic ore particles or very weak magnetic ore particles flow from the tailings weir plate into the tailings pipe. The pulp is continuously fed in and the concentrate and tailings are continuously discharged, forming a continuous separation process. This kind of magnetic separator is mostly used to treat fine disseminated magnetite ore
(2) magnetic dewatering tank: the working sequence of permanent magnetic dewatering tank is that the slurry is fed from the feeding pipe along the tangent direction to the ore collecting circle, and the slurry is spiraled downward and evenly distributed above the tower magnetic pole. Under the combined action of magnetic force and gravity, the magnetic particles overcome the impact of upward flow and settle to the bottom of flat bottomed conical tank, forming flushing sand, which is discharged from the discharge port. The non-magnetic fine gangue and slime overcome the gravity effect under the action of upwelling water, and enter the overflow tank with upwelling water to become tailings
magnetic dewatering tank is mainly used to remove fine gangue and slime, sometimes also used for concentration and dehydration. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and no running parts. Permanent magnetic dewatering tank does not consume electric energy, so it is widely used in magnetic separation of strong magnetic minerals
High magnetic field magnetic separator disc magnetic separator is commonly used dry magnetic separation equipment. Because the working part that sucks up magnetic particles is a disc, it is called a disc magnetic separator. The disc magnetic separator is mainly composed of a mountain shaped magnetic system, a rotating disc suspended above the magnetic system and a vibrating groove. The magnetic system and disk form a closed magnetic circuit. The diameter of the disc is about half larger than the width of the vibration groove. The disc is driven by a special motor through a worm gear recer. Turning the hand wheel can make the disc rise and fall vertically (the adjustment range is 0-20 mm), which is used to adjust the distance between the disc and the vibration groove or magnetic system. The distance between the edge of the disk and the vibration groove decreases graally along the material forward direction. The vibration groove is fixed on the frame by six spring plates and driven by eccentric vibration mechanism. In order to separate the strong magnetic minerals from the raw materials in advance and prevent the strong magnetic minerals from blocking the gap between the disk edge and the vibrating tank, a weak magnetic field magnetic separator (also known as the feeding cylinder) is installed at the feeding end of the vibrating tankfeed the material to be selected into the feeding hopper, and then evenly feed it to the feeding cylinder. At this time, the strong magnetic minerals in the raw material are absorbed by the magnetic force on the surface of the feeding cylinder, and are carried to the lower part and enter into the receiving hopper. The rest of the material goes into the screen and goes through the screen. The lower part of the screen falls on the vibrating groove. This part of the material is transported to the working gap under the disc by the vibrating groove. The magnetic particles in the material are absorbed to the edge of the disc by the strong magnetic field and follow the circle
how to solve the problem of poor drainage of washing machine
there are many fault factors causing poor drainage or non drainage
first of all, it is necessary to confirm whether the drain pipe is down and whether the water outlet is too high. After eliminating these two possibilities, the common causes and troubleshooting methods are as follows: open the rear cover plate, check whether the drain valve tension strap falls off, whether the valve tension strap or the drain pull rod is broken, whether the drain spring has lost its elasticity and is loose, and whether the drain valve tension strap is too loose, Take corresponding measures to solve the problem. Then check whether the drain filter and drain valve in the barrel are blocked by debris, causing slow or even no drainage. At this time, remove the drain filter for cleaning, flush the drain outlet with water and remove debris in the drain valve. If the drainage pipe is twisted and compressed in the box, it will also cause drainage obstacles. The drainage pipe can be rearranged. If it is seriously deformed e to excessive distortion, the drainage pipe should be replaced. After long-term use, the sealing ring of the dewatering bucket will cause water seepage and leakage e to aging and wear. Because the dehydration motor is under the sealing ring, once the water leakage, it will directly flow into the motor, causing damage to the motor
the repair process of the leakage of the sealing ring of the dewatering bucket is as follows: first, loosen the screw connecting the flange shaft of the dewatering bucket and the brake wheel, take out the dewatering bucket, then remove the V-belt, loosen the drain valve belt, so as to disconnect the base, and gently pry off the sealing ring with a "screwdriver" (pay attention not to damage the bucket body). If the sealing ring of the dewatering bucket is not available at the moment, the old parts can be cleaned, the sealing spring ring can be removed, the sealing spring ring can be disassembled and cut short for 3-4 circles, and then the sealing spring ring can be installed. This method can only be used for a short time, and it is better to replace the new sealing ring, apply adhesive on the outer edge of the sealing ring, and then install the bucket body. It should be noted that one is loaded from the bottom of the barrel and the other is loaded from the top. Then add water to check for water leakage. After checking, it can be used. With the improvement of people's living standards, some consumers are not satisfied with the washing method of semi-automatic washing machine and choose full-automatic washing machine instead. The feature of the automatic washing machine is that it realizes the washing process through the degree controller, so it saves time and effort. When purchasing this kind of washing machine, in addition to the appearance selection, it is mainly to check and select the internal function quality of machinery and electrical appliances. The steps are as follows: (1) connect the power supply, turn the pointer of the program controller clockwise to the degree of washing or rinsing, start (pull out) the power shape of the program controller, and you should hear the water inlet solenoid valve work to make a light "buzz". If you touch the water inlet connector by hand, you should feel the vibration, which indicates that the water inlet solenoid valve is in good condition 2) If there is no sound or vibration feeling, turn off (press down) the program controller, turn the drainage degree clockwise, and then start the program controller. You can hear the big "bang bang" sound of the drainage solenoid valve, which indicates that the power output channel and the solenoid valve of the washing machine are in good condition; If the drain solenoid valve does not reflect, it indicates that the water inlet solenoid valve is stuck 3) When the above two actions can not hear the working condition of the drainage solenoid valve, it must be that the power input channel or the programmable controller switch has no contact fault
(4) connect the water and power supply, set the pointer of the water and controller to the washing or rinsing level, set the water level selector at the low water level, start the program controller, and the tap water should flow into the barrel. When the water level in the barrel is up to 20 cm, the pulley should rotate and the water inlet valve should be closed to cut off water; This shows that the motor water level selector function is perfect. After starting the program controller, the water can't flow into the barrel, but the wave wheel moves. This is the "dry cleaning" fault in the waterless state, which is mainly caused by the improper adjustment of the water level selector 5) When the above proceres are normal, when the program controller automatically runs the drainage procere, the wave wheel shall stop rotating, and the drainage solenoid valve shall open the drainage. If the solenoid valve does not open the drain, it indicates that the solenoid valve has mechanical structure fault. It may be that the connecting rod is broken or the connecting pin is disconnected 6) When the program controller runs to the rinsing level, the drain valve should be closed, and a big "bang" sound can be heard. At this time, the inlet valve begins to feed water, and the above level is repeated again. If the drain valve can not be closed, the bucket can not store water, mainly because the drain valve can not be reset, the normal degree of washing machine will be interrupted. In a word, as long as the washing machine can realize the cycle of water inlet washing water closing drainage and water storage water inlet, it is a fully automatic washing machine with good quality. When the automatic washing machine does not drain, check whether the drain pipe is down, whether the drain pipe is twisted or blocked? If there is such a phenomenon, it should be ruled out. Then select the washing machine program to the single dehydration program and start it. Listen to whether the drainage electromagnet has a "pa" sound. If there is a closing sound, it indicates that the closing of the drain electromagnet is normal, and the drain valve may be blocked; Drain valve pull