POS mining node

1.

in terms of cloth storage and mining, I recommend Heshu hardware wallet and jiajiabao intelligent home miner. The core advantage of the proct is safety

take sum hardware wallet as an example. The advantages of sum hardware wallet are as follows:

1. The private key seed is encrypted layer by layer, physically isolated and never touched the Internet.

firstly, when creating the wallet, the seed password is generated and stored in the local encryption chip, and the 10 bit payment password is required

then, the transaction is made in the wallet. At this time, the user needs to enter the payment password to obtain the private key to digitally sign the transaction, and the transaction is completed. In addition, the private key seed is permanently stored in the chip, which is physically isolated and never touches the Internet. There is no need to worry about my password being stolen by hackers

Second, the bank system verifies the financial level motherboard and encryption chip

uses the bank system to verify the financial level motherboard, and the private key seed is stored in the chip. If the proct is stolen or lost, and destroyed by malicious violence, the chip will trigger a self destruct circuit, and immediately permanently and irrecoverably delete all the information in the area

Third, it supports the withdrawal of global bitcoin ATM, which is convenient and fast

the reason why digital assets attract the attention of many fields in the world is that it is creating a global fast circulation, and the larger the circulation field is, the wider the scope is, and the higher its use value is. The core of digital assets is the medium it acts on among currencies. The Heshu wallet has built-in many mainstream exchanges in the world. It can trade digital assets anytime and anywhere. With one machine in hand, it can walk around the world without worry, and no longer have to worry about exchanging foreign currency

Different from conventional digital wallets, multi signature wallets need the authorization of multiple key holders to transfer digital currency, so the security of multi signature wallets is higher. Ordinary Wallet: a wants to transfer a bitcoin to X. A only needs his signature (using the private key) to complete the transaction. Sum Wallet: if a wants to transfer a bitcoin to x, a multi signature verification is set (at least two signatures of Abc3 indivials are required to transfer the money), then a needs B or C to complete the signature (using the private key) when a wants to transfer the money to X. I hope I can help you. Thank you

2.

Mining is the use of bitcoin mining machine, which is used to earn bitcoin

one of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server

bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce

mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. The mining machine composed of many graphics cards, even if it's only hd6770, can surpass the single graphics card of most users

and this is not the most terrible. Some mining machines are made up of more such graphics card arrays. When dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards come together, the graphics card itself costs money. Considering the hardware price and other costs, there is a considerable expenditure in mining

< H2 > extended data:

bitcoin mining process:

1. To find the ore pool

to start mining, there must be a ore pool with convenient operation and stable output. Its function is to subdivide the data packets for each terminal, and pay the corresponding amount of bitcoin according to the proportion of the data packets calculated by the terminal through precise algorithm

2. Download bitcoin miner (software)

in fact, there are many kinds of this miner, you can go to the official website to download

3. Setting mining software is a green software. After installation, we can set the language first to facilitate further setting. Next, you need to set the server, user name, password, equipment and so on. Generally, the server chooses a better network from BTC guide series, and the user name and password are set by ourselves before

4, bitcoin mining start

when we confirm that all settings are correct, click the "start mining" button to start bitcoin mining, and then the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, you can monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver

3. 1. Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy

2. Digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
response time: January 4, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html

4. AUV public chain adopts the consensus mechanism of activity proof mechanism, all data are open by default, and its own security is generated through its publicity

5. Wormhole ah ~ router computer can dig

6. What do pow, POS and dpow mean
when it comes to blockchain, we must talk about its consensus mechanism. If we don't understand the consensus mechanism of blockchain, we can't understand the real meaning of blockchain. So, what about the consensus mechanism of today's blockchain
what is the consensus mechanism
what is consensus? Take its literal meaning, that is & quot; Common understanding & quot
people are different, not only in stature, appearance and ability, but also in culture, views, ideas, interests and so on
consensus, in short, is the consensus reached by members of a group in a certain aspect
we have learned that trust is a major pain point in the operation of society. Banks have their own credit system. In the past, the financial system only served a few entrepreneurs, because the establishment of credit system cost a lot. Later, Alipay had sesame credit. Credit has already been related to many aspects of life, credit card size, spending amount of flowers, sesame credit and high going abroad can be avoided. We are enjoying the convenience of credit
the essence of blockchain is decentralization, and the core of decentralization is consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism on blockchain mainly solves the problems of who constructs the block and how to maintain the unity of blockchain
the goal of the blockchain consensus mechanism is to make all honest nodes save consistent blockchain views, while meeting two properties:
1) consistency: the prefix part of the blockchain saved by all honest nodes is exactly the same
2) effectiveness: the information released by an honest node will be recorded in its own blockchain by all other honest nodes
the confidence of blockchain is mainly reflected in the fact that users distributed in the blockchain do not need to trust the other party of the transaction or a centralized organization, and only need to trust the software system under the blockchain protocol to realize the transaction
what is the consensus mechanism? What do pow, POS and dpow mean
the necessity of consensus mechanism
in a distributed system, multiple hosts form a network cluster through asynchronous communication. In such an asynchronous system, state replication between hosts is needed to ensure that each host can reach a consensus. Error messages may appear in asynchronous systems and propagate continuously, so it is necessary to define fault-tolerant protocols in default unreliable asynchronous networks to ensure that all hosts reach a safe and reliable state consensus, which is the necessity of consensus mechanism
the premise of such self-confidence is the consensus mechanism of the blockchain, that is, in a market of mutual distrust, the sufficient and necessary condition for each node to reach an agreement is that each node will spontaneously and honestly abide by the pre-set rules in the agreement to judge the authenticity of each record for the sake of maximizing its own interests, Finally, the records judged to be true are recorded in the blockchain. Attachments-2018-08-9yy7vrha5b738e3d96021. JPG
in other words, if each node has its own independent interests and competes with each other, it is almost impossible for these nodes to conspire to cheat you, especially when they have public reputation in the network. Blockchain technology is the use of a set of mathematical algorithms based on consensus to establish & quot; Trust & quot; Network, so as to create new credit through technical endorsement rather than centralized credit institutions
Introction to several consensus mechanisms in today's blockchain
there are many consensus mechanisms in blockchain, but none of them is perfect, or suitable for all application scenarios
POW workload proof
each node in the whole system provides computing power (referred to as computing power) for the whole system. Through a competitive mechanism, the node with the best computing work can be rewarded by the system, that is, to complete the allocation of newly generated currency. It is simply understood that more work pays more. Currency blockchains such as bitcoin and LTC apply POW mechanism
advantages
completely decentralize the nodes to get in and out freely, the algorithm is simple, easy to realize, and the cost of destroying the system is huge. As long as the computing power of the network destroyer does not exceed 50% of the total computing power of the network, the transaction status of the network can reach an agreement
disadvantages
waste energy, which is the biggest disadvantage. It is difficult to shorten the block confirmation time, for example, bitcoin can only do 7 transactions per second, It is not suitable for commercial application. A new blockchain must find a different hash algorithm, or it will face bitcoin's computing power attack. It has high requirements on the performance of the nodes, and the network environment is prone to bifurcation. It needs to wait for multiple confirmations, and can not reach the final agreement
POS proof of equity
also known as proof of equity, which is similar to you deposit your property in the bank, This model will allocate interest to you according to the amount and time of cryptocurrency you hold< Advantages
low requirements for node performance and short consensus time
disadvantages
there is no final consistency, so checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for the finality
dpow is an evolutionary scheme of pos. in conventional POW and POS, any newly added block needs to be confirmed by all nodes of the whole network, which greatly affects the efficiency
dpos is similar to the voting mechanism of modern board of directors, which elects representatives to vote and make decisions. The N selected accounting nodes are used for the creation, verification, signature and mutual supervision of new blocks, which greatly reces the time and computational cost of block creation and confirmation
advantages
greatly rece the number of nodes participating in verification and accounting, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages
sacrifice the concept of decentralization, which is not suitable for public chain
pbft practical Byzantine fault tolerance
practical Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is a kind of adoption & quot; Permission to vote, minority subject to majority & quot; The consensus mechanism allows Byzantine fault tolerance, allows strong supervision nodes to participate, has the ability of authority classification, higher performance and lower energy consumption, and each round of bookkeeping will be jointly elected by the whole network nodes, allowing 33% of nodes to do evil, and the fault tolerance rate is 33%. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance is especially suitable for the application scenario of alliance chain<
advantages
will deviate from centralization, the existence of cryptocurrency and reward mechanism will proce Matthew effect, making the poor poorer and the rich richer in the community, achieving high consensus efficiency and realizing high-frequency trading
disadvantages
when only 33% of the nodes in the system are running, the system will stop running
dbft authorizes Byzantine fault tolerance
this mechanism is to use rights to select bookkeeper, Then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm. The core of Byzantine fault tolerance mechanism is to ensure the system's finality to the maximum extent, so that the blockchain can be applied to real financial application scenarios
advantages
Professional bookkeeper can tolerate any type of error, bookkeeping is completed by multiple people, each block has finality, no bifurcation, the reliability of the algorithm has strict mathematical proof
disadvantages
when one-third or more bookkeepers stop working, the system will not be able to provide services, when one-third or more bookkeepers jointly commit crimes, The system may be bifurcated
pool verification pool
based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
advantages
it can work without cryptocurrency. Based on the mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox, raft), it realizes second level consensus verification
disadvantages
the degree of decentralization is not as good as bitcoin, which is more suitable for the multi center business model with multi participation
Paxos
this is a traditional distributed consensus algorithm, which is a consensus mechanism based on election leaders. The leader node has absolute authority, and allows strong supervision node to participate, which has high performance and low resource consumption. Generally, all nodes have wired access mechanism, but there is no malicious node in the election process, which is not fault-tolerant< In Paxos algorithm, nodes are divided into three types:
proposer: put forward a proposal and wait for everyone's approval. The client often plays the role
acceptor: responsible for voting on the proposal. Usually, the server plays this role
learner: is informed of the result of the case settlement, and unifies with it, and does not participate in the voting process. Maybe the client or server
Paxos can ensure that the system can reach a consensus when more than 50% of the normal nodes exist
REBO consensus mechanism
REBO consensus algorithm enables a group of nodes to form a consensus based on the special node list. The initial special node list is like a club. To accept a new member, it must be voted by 51% of the members of the club. Consensus follows the & quot; 51% rights;, Outsiders have no influence. Since the club starts with centralization, it will always be, and if it starts to corrupt, shareholders can do nothing. Like bitcoin and peercoin, the reborn system separates shareholders from their voting rights, so it is more centralized than other systems
peercoin
peercoin (PPC) is a combination of proof of pow workload and proof of POS equity. POW is mainly used to issue currency. In the future, with the increase of mining difficulty, the output will decrease, and the system security will be mainly maintained by POS
in the blockchain network, e to different application scenarios, different goals are designed, and different blockchain systems adopt different consensus algorithms. Each consensus algorithm is not perfect and has its own advantages and limitations
blockchain solves the problems of transmitting trusted information and value transfer on untrusted channels, while consensus mechanism solves the problem of how blockchain achieves consistency in distributed scenarios
although the blockchain is still in the early stage of development, and the instry development is still facing some obstacles, the society has recognized the value of the blockchain enough, the pace of blockchain development will never stop, and the instry development will certainly find a way to break through the obstacles.