White paper on Mining
FT is not a coin. Ft (fcoin token) is a token issued by fcoin trading platform, which is the representative of all rights and interests of the trading platform. The issuance of FT is based on the principle of "transaction is mining" (see the mining principle) and graally released (see the description of circulation), with the upper limit of 10 billion and never increasing
as the representative of platform equity, the platform will distribute 80% of the income to FT holders (check the details of income distribution). At the same time, FT holders have the right to participate in major decision-making and community management
{rrrrrrr}
extended data:
value of fun coin global common points (FT currency):
1. Transaction mining reward: from 0:00 (UTC + 9) every day, 110% of the transaction fees generated by users will be converted into ft for accumulation, and the conversion price will be calculated according to the average price of FT in that hour (the average price calculation method is total transaction amount / total volume)
2. Bonus reward: 50% of the platform's handling fee income will be distributed to FT holding members as dividends
3. Buy back plan: 20% of the platform's handling charge goes into the buy back fund. When the price of FT fluctuates greatly; All users can enter a public address without private key, and this address can only enter but not exit. All users can effectively supervise through the block browser. The repo program continues until 50% (1.5 billion) ft of the total repo amount
4. Asset injection plan: 20% of the service charge of funcoin platform will be injected into ft assets. The purpose of the fund includes, but is not limited to, dividends for FT users again at a specific time, airdrop rewards, setting up special user reward mechanism, etc
The attachment of the complete works of the universal God TXT has been uploaded to the network disk, and can be downloaded for free by clicking:
< file FSID = 1751903307 "link = / share / link? Shareid = 1764262800 & UK = 958699218" name = "wealth =" 0 / >
content preview:
in the process of Xie Feng flying from the cave to Xinshou village for an hour, two players are heard to reach level 10 again
(the system will only announce the top three, and the latter will not. So now there are more than three players at level 10
"I'm here at last!" At the moment Xie Feng stepped on the novice village, he called
fortunately, there are no players around, otherwise Xie Feng will be treated with Xiao's eyes
when Xie Feng saw that there were no players around, he immediately recalled Xiao to the pet space and hid his wings, even the light of his equipment
after all, money doesn't show up. Although Xie Feng is not afraid of them to rob, nonsense, a group of just 10 garbage, to rob 150 abnormal! But after all, Xie Feng wants to be remembered every day
Xie Feng comes to the teleporter and says to the teleporter NPC, "I want to be reincarnated. Where can I be reincarnated?"
"what..... what? Are you going to be reincarnated NPC, the messenger, looks at Xie Feng with his mouth open. After all, some people have just reached level 10,
I didn't expect that all of them have reached level 150
"well... That reincarnation can go to the reincarnation centers in various cities
"which cities are there?"
"youpan ancient city, Nuwa City, Kunlun City, Xuanyuan city..." The teleporter NPC said
Before the era of blockchain, Nick Saab first proposed the concept of smart contract in 1996: a set of agreements defined in digital form, including agreements on which contract participants can execute these agreements< the basic idea of smart contracts is contracts (special transactions) that can be executed automatically (event driven) and written in code form on the blockchain
since the establishment of Ethereum smart contract, more than 90% of the contracts have been used to issue tokens, and the implementation of relevant business scenarios is still good. What is the future of smart contract? Here you can see the Bytom chain that just released the news and launched the smart contract. As the first public chain project to release AI consensus algorithm in MIT, Bytom, the original chain, released an intelligent contract based on utxo model on the 26th after the main network was successfully launched in April
different from Ethereum smart contract built on account model, Biyuan chain is the first public chain in the whole blockchain instry to build smart contract on utxo model. Biyuan chain also transforms and deepens utxo to support the operation of multiple assets. In addition, compared with the original chain, the smart contract adopts its own equity language, which is a Turing complete and interpretive high-level language. It can easily compare the assets on the original chain for operation, and flexibly integrate into various asset business scenarios
in addition to the release of contract language, more than the original chain has also released multiple contract templates, which are directly attached with clear business meaning. From these contract templates, we can directly see the scene of future commercialization landing, and can extend the imagination in a wider range
currency transaction contract
through this contract, users can trade a variety of assets in Biyuan chain and other people without going through a centralized organization. That is to say, some assets can be locked through the contract. Only when other users enter the specified amount of assets, can they unlock these assets
for example, a decentralized exchange is built on the basis of contract, through which the two parties who want to exchange different assets in different currencies can be matched directly. The transaction speed is fast, and only a very small transaction fee is charged
third party trusteeship contract
under the contract template, users can transfer the specified assets to the third party's account, and the third party decides whether to call the specified account or return to the original account. The third party trust trust trust agreement stipulates that the third party institution can only transfer the assets to the designated account or return to the original account, which prevents the possibility of the third party account from stealing. In the business scenario, it can be expected that an asset custody platform can be built on the basis of the trusteeship contract of the third-party trusteeship institution in the future, which can ensure the custody, transaction and circulation of users' assets through the double trust of the trusted third party and the contract
mortgage contract
that is, the borrower will borrow the assets, and the lender will mortgage the assets into the same contract, and the lender will obtain the borrower's assets. If the lender fails to return the borrower's assets at a certain block height, the borrower will automatically obtain the lender's mortgage assets
call option contract
in this contract, the asset issuer can sell an asset at a certain price, and the buyer can buy the asset at that price. When it exceeds the height of a block, the asset will automatically return to the asset issuer
from the above design of smart contract, we can see some advantages:
firstly, a variety of templates with business meaning provide convenience for the upper layer to build DAPP, and some core business processes can be realized without too much development; Secondly, compared with the original chain, smart contracts issuing assets have templates. Compared with different developers, the security risk under the standard template is much lower. In addition, the contract will be invoked as a sub contract than the original chain when creating the intelligent contract. The contract template changes or errors that will be invoked in the future will not affect all completed intelligent contracts, which is of high security value for the early intelligent contracts. p>
we can understand that using the ratio chain of the extended utxo model butxo to interact with assets as a new form of utxo not only avoids the emergence of data overflow and other vulnerabilities in the Ethereum account model, but also has flexibility, diversity and controllability
for Biyuan chain, the release of smart contract also marks the determination of its core, which will further promote the commercialization of the project
shaft and roadway support
shaft support
in foreign countries, brick, stone and cast iron shaft lining are rarely used. In the past, wood support was almost used, but now the use of concrete and metal shaft lining is increasing. The selection of shaft lining depends on the conditions of surrounding rock and water, the form of shaft and the cost of materials
(1) wooden supports - until recently, most square shafts were still supported by framed wooden supports and divided into compartments The size and spacing of the timber used depend on the rock strata encountered The disadvantages of wood support are high cost, low strength, short life and easy to cause fire. In the expansive rock, the damage of wood support is slow and the warning time is long. In most cases, a concrete lock is poured at the beginning of shaft sinking to fix the support and provide a good foundation for the shaft timber support. The wooden frame is generally hung on the upper frame with hooks. After the frame is in place, the prop is inserted, the hooks are tightened, and the back plate is laid around the shaft
(2) metal support sometimes metal support is used instead of wood support. It is usually used with wood back board. The wood back plate can be inserted into the flange of the metal bracket quickly and efficiently. If the metal bracket is designed properly, its installation speed and accuracy are higher than that of the wood bracket, because the metal bracket may be bolted and arranged neatly
(3) concrete shaft lining - nowadays, the original concrete shaft lining is widely used. In South Africa, for example, almost 100% of shafts are circular concrete walls. And almost all shafts without exception reach the highest sinking speed. In addition to the fast sinking speed, there are many other advantages. The circular concrete shaft lining has the highest strength coefficient, the best air flow characteristics and the least maintenance compared with any shaft lining form. The concrete shaft wall is easy to be removed and refitted into another lifting arrangement, or changed into an air shaft without affecting the state of surrounding rock. It is much easier to control or block water inflow in this kind of well. Compared with most other types, this kind of shaft has fewer accidents and is much easier to repair in case of accidents. In some special cases, square or oval concrete is also used for shaft lining. Although the cost of square shaft is similar to that of round or oval shaft, its strength is not as good as that of round or oval shaft. Elliptical shaft has good strength coefficient, which is used when air flow is separated. But the cost of digging a well is higher than that of a round one
(4) shotcrete or shotcrete Shaft Lining - some shaft walls use shotcrete or shotcrete shaft lining. The tank way of this kind of shaft is generally fixed with anchor rod. If there is no need for the channel after the completion of the shaft, the steel rope channel can be used in the shaft sinking
roadway support
in the past, frame or multi section wood support was the only familiar method to support underground roadway. With the decrease of pit timber and the appearance of wide flange type, steel, as a kind of structural support material, quickly replaced pit timber. Recently, bolting and shotcreting support has also been listed as a practical support method in mines. Whether bolt or shotcrete (including shotcrete and shotcrete), the cost of one foot roadway support is generally lower than that of metal support. Sometimes both are used at the same time, and the cost is less than that of metal support
(1) metal support metal support is usually composed of two sections, each section includes a shed leg and a half arch. In the same way, after the two sections are opposite, they are butted with bolts at the vault. The size of metal support depends on the nature of rock and ground pressure. Generally speaking, 4-inch or 5-inch metal supports are used in small section roadways with spacing of 1.5-4 feet; 5-6 inch metal supports are used in the roadway of discontinuity, with the spacing of 1.5-4 feet; The large section roadway adopts 6-8 inch metal support with spacing of 2-5 feet. For all the projects using bolting and shotcreting support, metal support is only needed in fault and seriously broken or soft rock zone. According to the need, the metal shed must also be paved with wooden blocks and wooden back plates. It takes 20-40 minutes for a standard excavation team to set up a metal shed
(2) bolt support there are many kinds of common bolts that can be tensioned. The main difference is that before tightening the nut to make the bolt tensioned, the expansion ring structure of the anchor head fixed in the hole is different. The most suitable form of anchor head for a certain rock should be determined by frequent tests. Mild steel metal anchors shall be at least 1 inch in diameter and 10 feet in length (the roadway section shall be sufficient to permit the use of such long anchors). The law of rock joint should be studied carefully when installing anchor. The arrangement of the bolts should be uniform and regular, so that the bolts can form a similar arch structure with the surrounding rock after tensioning, so as to bear the external pressure acting on the roadway. Above the arch line, the average spacing of roof bolts in the whole roadway varies from a minimum of about 12 square feet per bolt to a maximum of 25 or more square feet per bolt. When bolts are installed by ordinary excavation teams, a standard excavation team can usually install bolts in 30 to 40 minutes, and only two bolts can be installed in an hour< (3) shotcreting shotcreting or shotcreting, which directly sprays concrete or mortar to the rock surface of arch roadway roof, is rapidly recognized as an efficient and economical roadway support method. As long as the sprayed concrete can adhere for a certain period of time to reach the initial setting strength without collapse, this method can be used on all kinds of soft, hard rock or hard soil. There are many accelerators that can reach the initial setting. The shotcrete thickness is 2 to 6 feet. The effect of dry spraying is usually better than that of wet spraying, because it can be sprayed thicker, larger size aggregate (up to 0.75 inch) can be used, and the hourly proctivity of each nozzle is higher (up to 5 cubic yards per hour). One of the economic advantages of shotcrete is that it can spray concrete to the roadway roof while loading rock, so as to shorten the time needed to complete the whole "cycle"
wooden support
it may be necessary to support the roof and two sides of the roadway ring excavation. The traditional method is to set up temporary wooden support first, and then replace it with permanent support or lining. Permanent supports can also be used as pitlogs
when the pit wood is used as permanent support, it should be well dried and treated with anti-corrosion agent. The wood support can be easily processed on the spot without special tools or equipment, and can be erected quickly. When driving through local bad strata, the wood is used as temporary support, which is easy to cut and process, and can meet various needs
the wooden shed is a support which is composed of several pit logs and cross-section of the roadway. The shed composed of three components is the most commonly used in small section roadway, which is composed of a roof beam (beam or shed beam) on two shed legs. The slope of the shed leg is 1-1.5 inches per foot, which can prevent the bottom of the shed leg from pushing inward unless the side pressure is too high and the floor is soft. The shed legs are usually hardwood, round, and the minimum diameter of the small head is 5 inches. The minimum thickness of the top beam is generally 5 inches and the width is 6-8 inches. The back plate is generally 2 inches thick, and the two sides and the top plate can be paved or not
in the expansive rock stratum, there are generally "slant slope bottom supports" at the bottom of the two shed legs to prevent the shed legs from moving. Where the bottom plate is easy to uplift, reverse arch supports can be used. If the hanging roof (or roof) of roadway is arched, it is often more stable, especially in wide roadway. Only the roof needs to be supported, and the shed legs can be omitted where the two sides are hard, and the arch beam is fixed in the beam nest at the arch line. The size of timbers and the space between trellies depend on the cross-section of the roadway and the pressure it needs to bear. In the swelling rock, the back plate should not be laid too closely, and a certain distance should be left between the adjacent back plates to release the low pressure
the routine process and speed of installing wood support mainly depend on how close the support should be behind the working face. If immediate support is required for each cycle, the erection of supports becomes part of the driving cycle. The first process after blasting is to pry off the pumice on the roof; In the soft stratum, the front probing beam, sliding beam or similar device is used to support the roof in front of the last shed, so as to protect workers ring rock loading. After a cycle of gangue is loaded, a new shed will be erected. If necessary, wedges will be used to fix and install the back plate, and the rock drill will be installed for the new cycle. This process will obviously slow down the driving speed, but unless the rock condition is too poor, the forward sheet pile method or other methods can be used. Generally, the pit timber can be standardized and the conventional operation can be adopted. Before the operation, all materials and equipment will be transported to the working face to speed up the operation; Workers shall bring the whole shed, angle wedge, wooden wedge, back plate and tools into the working face. The support work lags behind the place where the working face is too far away, so a professional support team is generally needed. The support work can be carried out by using the appropriate worktable without affecting the tunneling work. If the mobile worktable is used, the worktable is several sheds long, and its height can let the tramcar pass through from the bottom, it will be beneficial to the tunneling work< In the USA, brick, stone and cast iron shaft linings are rare; formerly, timbering was almost universal but concreting and steel framing are increasing in use. Choice of support depends on ground and water conditions, shape of shaft and cost of materials.
(1)Timber Sets——Until relatively recently, most rectangular shafts have used square-set timbering for ground support and compartment division .Size of the timber used and set spacing is dependent on ground conditions encountered .The disadvantages of timer sets are the cost, strength , short life and fire hazard involved. In swelling ground timbering fails slowly and with ample warning .in most cases , a concrete collar is poured at the start of a shaft to tie the sets in and provide a good bearing for the shaft-timbering installation .Timber sets usually are hung from the preceding set with steel hanging rods .After the set is in place , the posts are inserted and the hanging rods are tightened up . The lagging is placed in around the sides of the shaft.
(2)Steel Sets-Steel sets sometimes ate used instead of timber. Wood lagging generally is employed in conjunetion. The laggling can be placed in the web of the steel sket very quickly and effectivelt. Properly designed steel sets go in faster and more accuratelt than wooden sets, as they can be bolted together and lined up perfectly when assembled.
(3)Concrete Lining-Circular concrete-lined shafts are more and more used today. For example, in South Africa, almost 100% of the shafts installed are circular concretelined .Also almost without exception, the best sinking time is achieved. Besides the good sinking rate, there are numerous other advantages. The circular concrete section provides the greatest strength factor for ground support ,the best air-flow characteristics, and by far the lowest maintenance of any shaft type. It can be stripped easily and changed to another hoisting configuration, or to a ventilation shaft, without disturbing ground conditions. Water can be controlled or sealed off much easier in this type of shaft. There are fewer wrecks in this shaft than in most other types, and rehabilitation can be accomplished much easier if they do occnr. In some s
提出了数学模型和发展
program, a number of Chinese cases with varying
计划,大量的中文例不同
coal seam inclinations are presented in this section.
介绍了煤层倾向这部分
In these cases, the empirical values for the limit angles
在这些情况下,实证价值限制角度
(L and H) in different coal districts are used.
(L和H)地区在不同煤used.
Case 1: The typical final surface movements and
例1:典型的最终表面运动和
deformation profiles along a major transverse
沿着主要的横向变形型材
cross-section in Fengfeng mining district is presented
峰峰矿区截面模型
in Fig. 5.
图5
The inclination of the coal seam is a
煤层的爱好是a
moderate 11° and the overburden depth on the lower
11°和适度的层深度低
panel edge is 750 ft (229 m).
面板边750英尺(229米)
The mining height and
采矿高度和
panel width are 5.5 ft (1.7 m) and 600 ft (183 m),
面板宽度5.5英尺(1.7米)和600英尺(183米)
respectively.
分别
The lower (left) and upper (right) panel
较低的(左)和上(右)面板
edges are also shown in the figure.
边缘也中显示的图表
All three profiles
所有三个侧面
show that this is a subcritical subsidence event.
表明,这是一个亚临界沉降的事件
The
这
maximum subsidence is 2.57 ft (0.78 m) located
最大沉降是2.57英尺(0.78米)的所在地
about 270 ft (82 m) from the left panel edge.
大约270英尺(82米)从左侧面板的边缘
The
这
maximum horizontal displacements (H.D.) on both
最大水平位移(H.D.)两者兼具
sides of the panel edges are about 1.1 ft (0.335 m).
该小组的两侧边缘大约1.1英尺(0.335米)
The maximum tensile strains on the lower and upper
的最大拉伸处于上下
sides of the panel are 6.37x10–3 and 7.02x10–3 ft/ft
该小组的两侧分别为6.37和7.02英尺/ x10-3 x10-3呎
(m/m), respectively.
(m / m),分别为
The maximum compressive
最大压
strain is 1.18x10–2 ft/ft (m/m) which is nearly double
x10-2应变是1.18英尺/英尺(m / m)的两倍
of the maximum tensile strains.
的最大拉伸应变
Case 2: Fig. 6 shows the predicted final surface
例2:图6显示预测最后的表面
and deformation profiles for a typical subsidence
一个典型和变形型材下陷
case in Jixi mining district.
鸡西矿区案例
In this case, the coal
在这种情况下,煤
seam dips at an angle of 18°.
角焊缝会时不时地18°
The depth on the
深度的
deeper side is 400 ft (122 m).
更深的侧面400英尺(122米)
The mining height is
采矿的身高是
4.5 ft (1.37 m).
十4.5英尺(1.37米)
The panel is again 600 ft.
委员会又600英尺
Due to the
由于
relatively small depth; the resulting subsidence basin
相对较小的深度、产生的沉降盆地
is a supercritical one.
是一种超临界之一
However, the flat bottom portion
然而,平底分
of a supercritical subsidence basin is not necessarily
超临界沉陷盆地的也不是必然的
flat but the maximum subsidence there decreases
但最高有平沉降减少
as the depth increases.
随着深度增加
The subsidence profile
开采沉陷剖面
on the deeper side is much gentler than that on
在更深的一边比多温和
the shallow side.
浅的一面
Another observation is that the
另一个观察,
maximum horizontal displacement, tensile and compressive
最大水平位移、拉伸和压缩
strains on the deeper side are smaller that
处于更深的侧小
those on the shallower side as expected.
那些在较浅的侧与预期相符
Case 3: The typical surface movement and deformation
案例3:典型的地表移动和变形性
profiles for Fuxin mining district are shownin Fig. 7.
阜新矿区型材是shownin图7
The input parameters for this case are: =
在这种场合下的输入参数are:=
2°, h1 = 1050 ft (320 m), W = 600 ft (183 m) and m
2°,h1 = 1050英尺(320 m),W = 600英尺(183 m)和m
= 5.85 ft (1.78 m).
= 5.85英尺(1.78米)
Due to much larger depth, the
由于更大的深度
degree of subcritical condition is even more than
亚临界条件的程度甚至比
Case 1.
病例1
Under the influences of larger depth and
影响下的深度和更大的
dipping angle, the center of the subsidence basin
浸渍角、沉降中心的盆地
shifted toward the deeper side from the center of the
转向给球队越深的中心
panel by a distance of about 103 ft (31 m).
板的长距约103英尺(31米)
The peak
峰
tensile strain and horizontal displacement move beyond
拉应变水平位移和超越
the panel edge on the deeper side.
面板边缘更深的一面
It should
它应该
also be noted that two small steps (discontinuities)
也注意到的是,两个小步骤(面)
were observed on the strain profile which is resulted
观察应变简介这是结果
from the discontinuity problem of the first derivative
从不连续问题的一阶导数
of the adjusted influence function at its “center’ in
调整功能的影响其“中心”
the current version.
当前的版本
no two tombs: blue eyes, peerless
double Yue: never ever forever, water fire compatible, green orange, time, Xuanwu sword, turn around, Margaret Absolute zero
hope it helps! Many agree
P2P or point-to-point download, which is a download term, means that when you download, your computer will continue to upload from the host. The more people there are, the faster the download will be. However, the disadvantage is that it will cause great damage to your hard disk (you have to read while writing), and the memory utilization rate is very high, which will affect the speed of the whole machine< br />?? In short, P2P directly connects people and enables people to interact directly through the Internet. P2P makes communication on the network easier, more direct sharing and interaction, and truly eliminates middlemen. P2P means that people can directly connect to other users' computers and exchange files, instead of connecting to the server to browse and download as in the past. Another important feature of P2P is to change the Internet's current big website centered state and return to & quot; Decentralization & quot;, And give the power back to the user. P2P seems to be very new, but just as B2C and B2B transplant common things in the real world to the Internet, P2P is not new. In real life, we communicate face to face or by telephone according to P2P mode every day< br />?? Even from the perspective of network, P2P is not a new concept. P2P is the foundation of the whole Internet architecture. TCP / IP, the most basic protocol of Internet, has no concept of client and server. All devices are the equal end of communication. Ten years ago, all systems on the Internet had both server and client functions. Of course, the later developed software based on TCP / IP does adopt the client / Server Structure: browser and web server, mail client and mail server. However, for servers, they are still peer-to-peer networking. Take e-mail as an example, there is not a huge and unique e-mail server on the Internet to handle all e-mails, but peer-to-peer e-mail servers cooperate with each other to send e-mails to the corresponding servers. In addition, email between users is always a peer-to-peer communication channel.