How to mine behind meat mountain
Publish: 2021-05-03 12:32:59
1. It is suggested that you can go to the underground jungle. After smashing the demon altar or the bloody altar with the divine hammer, the new three mines will appear. Hope to help you.
2. It's a web card. Just log in again
3. To make a prison rock manuscript is to make a prison rock ingot with one obsidian and three prison rocks.
4. Go to hell to dig the ore, synthesize the lava draft, then you can dig the lower minerals behind the meat mountain, and then the draft of the lower minerals can dig the higher ones!
5. You need to use the hammer to knock the altar, which is the thing in the rotten land, not the shadow bead, and then your world will have a new mineral refresh
pure hand fighting, hope to adopt
pure hand fighting, hope to adopt
6. From Quanzhou train, take the "Quanzhou to Hui'an" bus to Hui'an south station. Here is the bus from Hui'an to Xiaozha
7. For the proportion of rough diamonds and gem grade diamonds, the best diamonds come from the alluvial deposits in Namibia. The diamonds have been transported to the sea by natural weathering for 1000 miles. After this journey, the vulnerable parts of the diamond are separated. In a certain sedimentary environment, diamonds are distributed in rock strata according to different sizes and shapes. The highest gem grade diamond bell in the mining area is 97%. It is difficult to tell which country and mining area the diamond ring surface is cut and ground from
after 1867, South Africa discovered alluvial sand deposits and a large number of primary kimberlite tubes, making South Africa the most important diamond procer in the world. Its output has been in the forefront of the world for a long time, thus ushering in a new era of diamond instry. In 1905, the largest kimberlite tube in the world, the plemir tube, was discovered in azashiya, South Africa, and the largest diamond (kulinan diamond) was found here. At present, South Africa has the world's largest and most modern Venetia diamond mine. South Africa has large diamond grains and high quality. 50% of diamonds are cuttable. Although its output is not as good as Australia and other countries, its output value has always been in the forefront of the world. Since the discovery of diamond in the K-Mg porphyry in Western Australia in 1979, the diamond proction in Australia has been dominant until 1986, but the gem grade only accounts for 5% of its proction. Australian diamonds are mainly distributed in bingara and copeton in New South Wales, Western Australia, especially argle deposit, with a reserve of 550 million carats. Botswana is rich in high quality diamond, with gem grade 50%, and its output value ranks first in the world. *** Diamonds in Russia are mainly distributed in Yakut area in Central Siberia, where more than 100 diamond bearing kimberlite tubes have been found. In 1988, new diamond mines were found near Europe in Russia. At present, Russia's diamond proction is about 12 million carats, half of which are gem grade. Over the years, Russia has formed an independent diamond mining, processing and sales system, which has a large number of diamonds, high quality and good uniformity, and has a strong competitiveness in the market. A few years ago, it was reported that a large number of kimberlites were found in northern Canada. In a few years, diamond proction will account for 10% of the world's proction
consider (4C) from the following four aspects:
Color
colorless is the best, the darker the tone, the worse the quality. In the colorless diamond classification, the top color is D, which is arranged down to Z. here, we only say the color level from D to j, d-f is colorless, g-j is nearly colorless, which is basically meaningless to collect from K, and the gold ring below K is also very beautiful. From K down, the diamond will graally turn yellow. When selecting the diamond, choose the color above h, I-J level is near colorless, but you can also detect a trace of yellowish. Diamonds with color, such as yellow, green, blue, brown, pink, orange, red, black, purple, etc., belong to the gem of diamonds and are expensive. Red Diamonds are the most valuable. Different countries and regions adopt different color grading systems. The gemstone Institute of the United States is divided into 23 grades, which are represented by the letter d-z. Among them, D-N is the most commonly used. CIBJO is the representative of European color grading system. China's new national standard formulated in 1996 synthesizes GIA and CIBJO. The standard divides colors into 12 levels, which are expressed by D-N and ＜ n. It also uses percentage method and literal description. Diamond color grade D 100 extreme white e 99 f 98 excellent white g 97 h 96 white I 95 yellowish white (brown, gray) J 94 K 93 light yellow (brown, gray) white l 92 m 91 light yellow (brown, gray) n 90 & lt; N < 90 yellow (brown, gray)
clarity
Diamond Gold Commemorative Coin
Cleanliness classification is based on the location, size and quantity of the contents. From high to low, it can be divided into FL, if, vvs1, VVS2, vs 1, VS2, SI1, SI2, Si3, P1, P2 and P3, The price should be reced accordingly. Among them, FL - "flare less" is perfect. Under the 10x magnifying glass, both inside and outside are flawless, if - "internally flawless", inside is flawless. Under the 10x magnifying glass, there are only slight flower marks on the surface, vvs1 and VVS2 - "very very small". It's hard to see a flaw under a 10x magnifying glass. The cleanliness of vvs1 is higher than VVS2. VS1 and VS2 - "very slim", very small. The defect can be seen under the 10x magnifying glass, but it is difficult to identify with naked eye. The cleanliness of VS1 is higher than that of VS2. SI1 and SI2 - "slim inclusions", small defects, which may be seen by naked eyes. I1, I2 and I3 - "impact" are defective and can be seen by naked eyes
carat weight
under the same conditions of the other three C's, the price of diamond is directly proportional to the square of weight. The larger the weight, the higher the value. Diamonds weigh in carats. 1 carat (CT) = 0.2 g (g). One carat is divided into 100 parts, and each part is one point. The 0.3ct and 0.4ct marked on the price tag of the shopping mall are 30 points and 40 points. The weight can also be divided into grades: 0.30ct-0.39ct, 0.40ct-0.49ct, 0.50ct-0.69ct, 0.70-0.89ct, 0.90-0.99ct, 1.00ct-1.50ct, 1.50-2.00ct, The price will also vary a lot. That's why it's very difficult to buy a diamond like 0.48 ~ 0.49, 0.68 ~ 0.69, 0.88 ~ 0.89)
cut
D-grade diamond
even if it's thrown on the road, no one will notice it. It's the cutter who gives it a second life, Cutting refers to the geometry and arrangement of various valve surfaces of the finished bare drill. Cutting is divided into cutting proportion, polishing and decoration. Each item has five levels, from high to low is excellent, very good, good, fair, poor. The stone with top cutting can achieve the closest perfect ratio for light reflection, that is, three e x (Excel) cutting. However, the price of this kind of cutting is also slightly higher, because its proction rate is relatively low, which is about 5% higher than that of non three ex cutting, Several common cutting forms are round emerald oval pear shaped Princess square pillow shaped heart-shaped eight heart eight arrows - calculation formula of price of Cupid cutting diamond: weight of diamond, color (vertical column), clarity (horizontal column), unit price of diamond × one hundred × The exchange rate of RMB (6.9), i.e. African star I
can get the price of diamonds. For example: calculate the price of 52 points (0.52ct) f vvs1, first check that the unit price of this grade of diamond is US $5400, then the price is calculated as: 54 × one hundred × 6.9 (RMB exchange rate) × There are four dimensions to measure the quality of a diamond, namely carat, clarity, color and cut. Founded by GIA, this standard is the most mainstream diamond evaluation standard in the world, including China. Diamonds are identified by internationally recognized gemologists, and independent third-party opinions are issued. Based on the 4C standard, diamond prices are determined. At present, the most authoritative gem identification laboratory in the world is the simple identification method of IGI, GIA diamonds: it needs a 10-20 times magnifying glass to assist and make several simple observations. Method 1: observe the waist of the diamond. If the waist of the diamond is abrasive, it is the most suitable method. Because the diamond is harder than any imitation, it won't have fine stripes like the imitation. The waist of the diamond is granular. Method 2: the diamond is harder than the imitation, and the faceted lines of the imitation are often round and blunt than those of the diamond, and the faceted lines of the diamond must be sharp. Method 3: because the diamond is harder than the imitation, the facet line of the imitation is often worn. Method 4: if the diamond has a natural surface, there is a chance to find the diamond's unique "triangle growth pattern" on the natural surface. Method 5: if the diamond fracture occurs, the appearance is usually ladder shaped, and the imitation will be completely curved or shell shaped.
after 1867, South Africa discovered alluvial sand deposits and a large number of primary kimberlite tubes, making South Africa the most important diamond procer in the world. Its output has been in the forefront of the world for a long time, thus ushering in a new era of diamond instry. In 1905, the largest kimberlite tube in the world, the plemir tube, was discovered in azashiya, South Africa, and the largest diamond (kulinan diamond) was found here. At present, South Africa has the world's largest and most modern Venetia diamond mine. South Africa has large diamond grains and high quality. 50% of diamonds are cuttable. Although its output is not as good as Australia and other countries, its output value has always been in the forefront of the world. Since the discovery of diamond in the K-Mg porphyry in Western Australia in 1979, the diamond proction in Australia has been dominant until 1986, but the gem grade only accounts for 5% of its proction. Australian diamonds are mainly distributed in bingara and copeton in New South Wales, Western Australia, especially argle deposit, with a reserve of 550 million carats. Botswana is rich in high quality diamond, with gem grade 50%, and its output value ranks first in the world. *** Diamonds in Russia are mainly distributed in Yakut area in Central Siberia, where more than 100 diamond bearing kimberlite tubes have been found. In 1988, new diamond mines were found near Europe in Russia. At present, Russia's diamond proction is about 12 million carats, half of which are gem grade. Over the years, Russia has formed an independent diamond mining, processing and sales system, which has a large number of diamonds, high quality and good uniformity, and has a strong competitiveness in the market. A few years ago, it was reported that a large number of kimberlites were found in northern Canada. In a few years, diamond proction will account for 10% of the world's proction
consider (4C) from the following four aspects:
Color
colorless is the best, the darker the tone, the worse the quality. In the colorless diamond classification, the top color is D, which is arranged down to Z. here, we only say the color level from D to j, d-f is colorless, g-j is nearly colorless, which is basically meaningless to collect from K, and the gold ring below K is also very beautiful. From K down, the diamond will graally turn yellow. When selecting the diamond, choose the color above h, I-J level is near colorless, but you can also detect a trace of yellowish. Diamonds with color, such as yellow, green, blue, brown, pink, orange, red, black, purple, etc., belong to the gem of diamonds and are expensive. Red Diamonds are the most valuable. Different countries and regions adopt different color grading systems. The gemstone Institute of the United States is divided into 23 grades, which are represented by the letter d-z. Among them, D-N is the most commonly used. CIBJO is the representative of European color grading system. China's new national standard formulated in 1996 synthesizes GIA and CIBJO. The standard divides colors into 12 levels, which are expressed by D-N and ＜ n. It also uses percentage method and literal description. Diamond color grade D 100 extreme white e 99 f 98 excellent white g 97 h 96 white I 95 yellowish white (brown, gray) J 94 K 93 light yellow (brown, gray) white l 92 m 91 light yellow (brown, gray) n 90 & lt; N < 90 yellow (brown, gray)
clarity
Diamond Gold Commemorative Coin
Cleanliness classification is based on the location, size and quantity of the contents. From high to low, it can be divided into FL, if, vvs1, VVS2, vs 1, VS2, SI1, SI2, Si3, P1, P2 and P3, The price should be reced accordingly. Among them, FL - "flare less" is perfect. Under the 10x magnifying glass, both inside and outside are flawless, if - "internally flawless", inside is flawless. Under the 10x magnifying glass, there are only slight flower marks on the surface, vvs1 and VVS2 - "very very small". It's hard to see a flaw under a 10x magnifying glass. The cleanliness of vvs1 is higher than VVS2. VS1 and VS2 - "very slim", very small. The defect can be seen under the 10x magnifying glass, but it is difficult to identify with naked eye. The cleanliness of VS1 is higher than that of VS2. SI1 and SI2 - "slim inclusions", small defects, which may be seen by naked eyes. I1, I2 and I3 - "impact" are defective and can be seen by naked eyes
carat weight
under the same conditions of the other three C's, the price of diamond is directly proportional to the square of weight. The larger the weight, the higher the value. Diamonds weigh in carats. 1 carat (CT) = 0.2 g (g). One carat is divided into 100 parts, and each part is one point. The 0.3ct and 0.4ct marked on the price tag of the shopping mall are 30 points and 40 points. The weight can also be divided into grades: 0.30ct-0.39ct, 0.40ct-0.49ct, 0.50ct-0.69ct, 0.70-0.89ct, 0.90-0.99ct, 1.00ct-1.50ct, 1.50-2.00ct, The price will also vary a lot. That's why it's very difficult to buy a diamond like 0.48 ~ 0.49, 0.68 ~ 0.69, 0.88 ~ 0.89)
cut
D-grade diamond
even if it's thrown on the road, no one will notice it. It's the cutter who gives it a second life, Cutting refers to the geometry and arrangement of various valve surfaces of the finished bare drill. Cutting is divided into cutting proportion, polishing and decoration. Each item has five levels, from high to low is excellent, very good, good, fair, poor. The stone with top cutting can achieve the closest perfect ratio for light reflection, that is, three e x (Excel) cutting. However, the price of this kind of cutting is also slightly higher, because its proction rate is relatively low, which is about 5% higher than that of non three ex cutting, Several common cutting forms are round emerald oval pear shaped Princess square pillow shaped heart-shaped eight heart eight arrows - calculation formula of price of Cupid cutting diamond: weight of diamond, color (vertical column), clarity (horizontal column), unit price of diamond × one hundred × The exchange rate of RMB (6.9), i.e. African star I
can get the price of diamonds. For example: calculate the price of 52 points (0.52ct) f vvs1, first check that the unit price of this grade of diamond is US $5400, then the price is calculated as: 54 × one hundred × 6.9 (RMB exchange rate) × There are four dimensions to measure the quality of a diamond, namely carat, clarity, color and cut. Founded by GIA, this standard is the most mainstream diamond evaluation standard in the world, including China. Diamonds are identified by internationally recognized gemologists, and independent third-party opinions are issued. Based on the 4C standard, diamond prices are determined. At present, the most authoritative gem identification laboratory in the world is the simple identification method of IGI, GIA diamonds: it needs a 10-20 times magnifying glass to assist and make several simple observations. Method 1: observe the waist of the diamond. If the waist of the diamond is abrasive, it is the most suitable method. Because the diamond is harder than any imitation, it won't have fine stripes like the imitation. The waist of the diamond is granular. Method 2: the diamond is harder than the imitation, and the faceted lines of the imitation are often round and blunt than those of the diamond, and the faceted lines of the diamond must be sharp. Method 3: because the diamond is harder than the imitation, the facet line of the imitation is often worn. Method 4: if the diamond has a natural surface, there is a chance to find the diamond's unique "triangle growth pattern" on the natural surface. Method 5: if the diamond fracture occurs, the appearance is usually ladder shaped, and the imitation will be completely curved or shell shaped.
8. Diamond refers to the polished diamond, which is a kind of natural mineral and the original stone of diamond. In short, diamond is a kind of elemental crystal composed of carbon formed under the conditions of high pressure and high temperature in the deep part of the earth. Although human civilization has a history of thousands of years, it is only a few hundred years for people to discover and initially understand diamonds, and the time to really uncover the inner mystery of diamonds is even shorter. Before that, it was accompanied by a mythical legend of worship and fear with religious color. At the same time, it was regarded as a symbol of courage, power, status and dignity. Nowadays, diamonds are no longer mysterious, and they are not treasures that only the royal family can enjoy. It has become a popular gem that people can own and wear. The culture of diamond has a long history. Today, people regard it as a symbol of love and loyalty<
table of contents
brief introction
Quality Unit
chemical composition
formation principle
origin division world diamond resources and origin
countries procing diamonds
countries procing the best diamonds
changes of diamond origin
the world's first diamond mine
diamond mine in South Africa
largest single diamond origin
diamond resources and origin in China
/ >Color
clarity
carat weight
cut
hardness test
thermal conctivity test
reflection light
growth point
chemical composition test of the same kind
imitation of artificial zirconia
certification by the certification body of IGI
certification by GIA
HRD
other
crystallization habits of natural and synthetic diamonds
Color
surface and internal texture
magnification
visible light absorption spectrum
ultraviolet fluorescence
cathodoluminescence
infrared spectrum
conctivity
other
pseudodiamond glass
Artificial spinel
crystal and Topaz
artificial sapphire
zircon
Lithium Niobate
strontium titanate
yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)
cubic oxide Zirconium
Mosangshi
Maintenance
misunderstandings about diamonds in order to maintain the value of diamonds, the brilliance of diamonds comes from their chromaticity
when buying diamonds, you must buy the most beautiful diamonds with high purity
I chromaticity
radiation of diamonds<
cutting and splitting
sawing
shaping
flaking and polishing
diamond and love
expensive reason inherent charm quality of diamond
diamond culture has a long history
it is difficult to explore diamond deposits with huge cost
the scale of mining is huge and extremely difficult
diamond processing proceres are complex and the amount of working hours is large
it is in the hands of consumers, A diamond has many experiences
the world's most expensive diamond appears at auction house
the largest diamond in history, the Cleveland diamond
the world's most valuable 10 diamonds, the great African star
mount of Light Diamond
eckeshoe diamond
big Mughal diamond
eye of the statue diamond
Regent diamond
Orlov diamond
Blue Hope Diamond
Xianxi diamond Stone
Taylor Burton diamond
10 of the world's largest diamonds
culinan
bragonza
an unnamed large diamond
Eureka
star of Sierra Leone
Coleman de Dios
cusinur
Grand Mughal
Voyer River
Gold Commemorative Coin
the historical origin of "fire diamond" is out of "fire water"
from India to Holland
the world's number one diamond "kulinan"
why is this stone called "diamond"?
diamond hook "Lanxue"
brief introction
Quality Unit
chemical composition
formation principle
origin division world diamond resources and origin
countries procing diamonds
countries procing the best diamonds
changes in diamond procing areas
the world's first diamond mine
South
China's diamond resources and procing areas
evaluation and purchase of color
clarity
carat weight
cut
identification hardness test
thermal conctivity test
observation of reflection light
observation of growth point
test of similar chemical composition
imitation of synthetic zirconia
certification of identification agency IGI
GIA certification
HRD certification
other
natural diamond and synthetic diamond
crystal habit color surface and internal texture amplification observation visible light absorption spectrum ultraviolet fluorescence cathodoluminescence infrared spectrum conctivity other fake diamonds
glass artificial spinel crystal and Topaz artificial sapphire zircon lithium niobate strontium yttrium aluminum titanate (YAG) cubic oxide Misunderstanding of diamond maintenance with zirconia mordenite
in order to maintain the value of diamond, the brilliance of diamond comes from its chroma. When you buy a diamond, you must buy a high purity I chroma diamond. The radiation of the most beautiful diamond? Cutting
the reasons for the high cost of cutting, sawing, shaping, polishing and love
the inherent charm of diamonds, the quality of diamond culture has a long history, the exploration of diamond deposits is difficult, the cost is huge, the scale of mining is huge, the difficulty is extremely high, the diamond processing program is complex, and the amount of working hours is large in the hands of consumers, A diamond has many experiences. The world's most expensive diamonds appear at auction house. The largest diamond in history. Cleveland diamond the world's most valuable 10 diamonds
the great African star mountain diamond eckeshoe diamond the eye of the Mughal diamond statue diamond Regent diamond Orlov Diamond Blue Hope Diamond Xianxi diamond Taylor Burton diamond the world's largest 10 diamonds < br />An unnamed large diamond in bulaganza, kulika, the star of Sierra Leone Coleman de Dios cushnur the great Mughal voye River Gold Commemorative Coin historical origin The name of the mineral is diamond, which is derived from adamant, which means hard and inviolable material. It is recognized as the king of gems. The chemical composition of diamond is 99.98% carbon. In other words, diamond is actually a kind of carbon crystal with high density. 2. Mohr hardness of diamond: 10, which is the highest hardness in natural minerals. Its brittleness is also quite high, and it will break up even if it collides with force. 3. Cutting diamond is a process of cutting diamond into various shapes according to the shape of the original stone. Among them, eight popular shapes are: round, oval, olive pointed, heart-shaped, pear shaped, square, triangle shaped and emerald shaped. Round drill is the most common shape. 4. Diamond is a natural mineral. The main sources of diamonds are Australia, Botswana, Canada, Zin Ba Webb, Namibia, South Africa, Brazil and Siberia. At present, the world's major diamond cutting and grinding centers are: Antwerp, Belgium, Tel Aviv, Israel, New York, India, Mum, Bangkok, Thailand. Antwerp has & quot; Diamond capital of the world; About half of the world's diamond transactions are completed here. Antwerp cutting is synonymous with perfect cutting. Diamond (19 pieces) 5. To buy a diamond, you must recheck it (the certificates of IGI and GIA can be directly verified on the official website, there is no need to recheck) 6. Refractive index: 2.417 7 7. Dispersion value: 0.044 (high) 8. Total internal reflection: critical angle: 24.5 °
edit the mass unit of this paragraph
card, or carat, is the mass unit of diamond. One caramel is equal to 200 mg. It is said that the weight used by early diamond merchants to weigh diamonds was the fruit of carob. One such fruit weighs about 200 mg. Because the density of diamonds is basically the same, the heavier the diamond, the larger the volume. The bigger the diamond, the rarer the value of each card< The chemical composition of diamond is carbon, which is the only single element in gem and belongs to equiaxed crystal system. It often contains 0.05% - 0.2% impurity elements, the most important of which are n and B. their existence is related to the types and properties of diamonds. The crystal morphology is octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregation. The pure diamond is colorless and transparent, showing different colors e to the mixing of trace elements. Strong diamond luster. The refractive index is 2.417 and the dispersion is medium, which is 0.044. Homogeneous body. The thermal conctivity is 0.35 cal / cm / S / degree. The most sensitive reaction was measured by thermal conctivity meter. The hardness is 10, which is the hardest mineral known at present. The absolute hardness is 1000 times that of quartz and 150 times that of corunm. I'm afraid of heavy impact. After heavy impact, I will cleave and break it. A group of cleavage is complete. The density is 3.52 g / cm3. Diamond has luminescent, sunlight, night can emit light cyan phosphorescence. X-ray irradiation, emitting sky blue fluorescence. The chemical property of diamond is very stable, it is not easy to dissolve in acid and alkali at room temperature, and acid and alkali will not affect it. The difference between diamonds and similar gemstones and synthetic diamonds. The common substitutes or fakes in GEM market are colorless gem, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet and artificial rutile. Synthetic diamond was first developed by Japan in 1955, but it was not mass proced. Synthetic diamonds are rare in the market because they cost more than natural diamonds. Diamond with its unique hardness, density, dispersion, refractive index can be distinguished from similar gemstones. For example: imitation diamond cubic zirconia is colorless, with strong dispersion (0.060), strong luster, high density, 5.8g/cm3, and obvious hand weighing feeling. Yttrium aluminum garnet dispersion soft, the naked eye is difficult to distinguish it from diamonds. It has become a popular gem that people can own and wear. The culture of diamond has a long history. Today, people regard it as a symbol of love and loyalty< Some people say that diamond is diamond. In fact, this is totally wrong (the difference between them is equivalent to the relationship between wood and furniture). Diamond is only a proct of diamond finishing. Modern science and technology provide new ideas and methods for exploring the formation of diamond. Diamond is the hardest and simplest gem in the world. It is a natural crystal with cubic structure composed of carbon. The composition of its treasure map diamond is basically the same as that of our common coal, pencil lead and sugar. Carbon element crystallizes to form graphite (black) under high temperature and pressure, while precious diamond (white) crystallizes in high temperature, extremely high pressure and rection environment (usually a kind of anoxic environment). In order to understand the origin of diamonds, first take a look at the original rock containing diamonds. Since the discovery of diamonds in India, we have been hearing stories of people picking up diamonds on rivers and beaches. This is because the original rock containing diamonds in the upper reaches of the river is weathered and broken, and the diamonds are carried to the downstream with the current, and the heavy diamonds are buried in the gravel. What is the original rock of diamond? In 1870, diamonds were excavated from the Loess of a farm in South Africa. Since then, the excavation of diamonds has been transferred from the river bed to the loess. Under the loess is a hard dark blue rock, which is called kimberlite. What is kimberlite? Kimberlite is a kind of alkaline ultrabasic volcanic rock formed in the deep part of the earth, which contains a lot of volatile components such as carbonic acid gas. This kind of rock often contains fragments of peridotite and eclogite from the deep part of the earth, which is the main source of ore
table of contents
brief introction
Quality Unit
chemical composition
formation principle
origin division world diamond resources and origin
countries procing diamonds
countries procing the best diamonds
changes of diamond origin
the world's first diamond mine
diamond mine in South Africa
largest single diamond origin
diamond resources and origin in China
/ >Color
clarity
carat weight
cut
hardness test
thermal conctivity test
reflection light
growth point
chemical composition test of the same kind
imitation of artificial zirconia
certification by the certification body of IGI
certification by GIA
HRD
other
crystallization habits of natural and synthetic diamonds
Color
surface and internal texture
magnification
visible light absorption spectrum
ultraviolet fluorescence
cathodoluminescence
infrared spectrum
conctivity
other
pseudodiamond glass
Artificial spinel
crystal and Topaz
artificial sapphire
zircon
Lithium Niobate
strontium titanate
yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)
cubic oxide Zirconium
Mosangshi
Maintenance
misunderstandings about diamonds in order to maintain the value of diamonds, the brilliance of diamonds comes from their chromaticity
when buying diamonds, you must buy the most beautiful diamonds with high purity
I chromaticity
radiation of diamonds<
cutting and splitting
sawing
shaping
flaking and polishing
diamond and love
expensive reason inherent charm quality of diamond
diamond culture has a long history
it is difficult to explore diamond deposits with huge cost
the scale of mining is huge and extremely difficult
diamond processing proceres are complex and the amount of working hours is large
it is in the hands of consumers, A diamond has many experiences
the world's most expensive diamond appears at auction house
the largest diamond in history, the Cleveland diamond
the world's most valuable 10 diamonds, the great African star
mount of Light Diamond
eckeshoe diamond
big Mughal diamond
eye of the statue diamond
Regent diamond
Orlov diamond
Blue Hope Diamond
Xianxi diamond Stone
Taylor Burton diamond
10 of the world's largest diamonds
culinan
bragonza
an unnamed large diamond
Eureka
star of Sierra Leone
Coleman de Dios
cusinur
Grand Mughal
Voyer River
Gold Commemorative Coin
the historical origin of "fire diamond" is out of "fire water"
from India to Holland
the world's number one diamond "kulinan"
why is this stone called "diamond"?
diamond hook "Lanxue"
brief introction
Quality Unit
chemical composition
formation principle
origin division world diamond resources and origin
countries procing diamonds
countries procing the best diamonds
changes in diamond procing areas
the world's first diamond mine
South
China's diamond resources and procing areas
evaluation and purchase of color
clarity
carat weight
cut
identification hardness test
thermal conctivity test
observation of reflection light
observation of growth point
test of similar chemical composition
imitation of synthetic zirconia
certification of identification agency IGI
GIA certification
HRD certification
other
natural diamond and synthetic diamond
crystal habit color surface and internal texture amplification observation visible light absorption spectrum ultraviolet fluorescence cathodoluminescence infrared spectrum conctivity other fake diamonds
glass artificial spinel crystal and Topaz artificial sapphire zircon lithium niobate strontium yttrium aluminum titanate (YAG) cubic oxide Misunderstanding of diamond maintenance with zirconia mordenite
in order to maintain the value of diamond, the brilliance of diamond comes from its chroma. When you buy a diamond, you must buy a high purity I chroma diamond. The radiation of the most beautiful diamond? Cutting
the reasons for the high cost of cutting, sawing, shaping, polishing and love
the inherent charm of diamonds, the quality of diamond culture has a long history, the exploration of diamond deposits is difficult, the cost is huge, the scale of mining is huge, the difficulty is extremely high, the diamond processing program is complex, and the amount of working hours is large in the hands of consumers, A diamond has many experiences. The world's most expensive diamonds appear at auction house. The largest diamond in history. Cleveland diamond the world's most valuable 10 diamonds
the great African star mountain diamond eckeshoe diamond the eye of the Mughal diamond statue diamond Regent diamond Orlov Diamond Blue Hope Diamond Xianxi diamond Taylor Burton diamond the world's largest 10 diamonds < br />An unnamed large diamond in bulaganza, kulika, the star of Sierra Leone Coleman de Dios cushnur the great Mughal voye River Gold Commemorative Coin historical origin The name of the mineral is diamond, which is derived from adamant, which means hard and inviolable material. It is recognized as the king of gems. The chemical composition of diamond is 99.98% carbon. In other words, diamond is actually a kind of carbon crystal with high density. 2. Mohr hardness of diamond: 10, which is the highest hardness in natural minerals. Its brittleness is also quite high, and it will break up even if it collides with force. 3. Cutting diamond is a process of cutting diamond into various shapes according to the shape of the original stone. Among them, eight popular shapes are: round, oval, olive pointed, heart-shaped, pear shaped, square, triangle shaped and emerald shaped. Round drill is the most common shape. 4. Diamond is a natural mineral. The main sources of diamonds are Australia, Botswana, Canada, Zin Ba Webb, Namibia, South Africa, Brazil and Siberia. At present, the world's major diamond cutting and grinding centers are: Antwerp, Belgium, Tel Aviv, Israel, New York, India, Mum, Bangkok, Thailand. Antwerp has & quot; Diamond capital of the world; About half of the world's diamond transactions are completed here. Antwerp cutting is synonymous with perfect cutting. Diamond (19 pieces) 5. To buy a diamond, you must recheck it (the certificates of IGI and GIA can be directly verified on the official website, there is no need to recheck) 6. Refractive index: 2.417 7 7. Dispersion value: 0.044 (high) 8. Total internal reflection: critical angle: 24.5 °
edit the mass unit of this paragraph
card, or carat, is the mass unit of diamond. One caramel is equal to 200 mg. It is said that the weight used by early diamond merchants to weigh diamonds was the fruit of carob. One such fruit weighs about 200 mg. Because the density of diamonds is basically the same, the heavier the diamond, the larger the volume. The bigger the diamond, the rarer the value of each card< The chemical composition of diamond is carbon, which is the only single element in gem and belongs to equiaxed crystal system. It often contains 0.05% - 0.2% impurity elements, the most important of which are n and B. their existence is related to the types and properties of diamonds. The crystal morphology is octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregation. The pure diamond is colorless and transparent, showing different colors e to the mixing of trace elements. Strong diamond luster. The refractive index is 2.417 and the dispersion is medium, which is 0.044. Homogeneous body. The thermal conctivity is 0.35 cal / cm / S / degree. The most sensitive reaction was measured by thermal conctivity meter. The hardness is 10, which is the hardest mineral known at present. The absolute hardness is 1000 times that of quartz and 150 times that of corunm. I'm afraid of heavy impact. After heavy impact, I will cleave and break it. A group of cleavage is complete. The density is 3.52 g / cm3. Diamond has luminescent, sunlight, night can emit light cyan phosphorescence. X-ray irradiation, emitting sky blue fluorescence. The chemical property of diamond is very stable, it is not easy to dissolve in acid and alkali at room temperature, and acid and alkali will not affect it. The difference between diamonds and similar gemstones and synthetic diamonds. The common substitutes or fakes in GEM market are colorless gem, colorless spinel, cubic zirconia, strontium titanate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium gallium garnet and artificial rutile. Synthetic diamond was first developed by Japan in 1955, but it was not mass proced. Synthetic diamonds are rare in the market because they cost more than natural diamonds. Diamond with its unique hardness, density, dispersion, refractive index can be distinguished from similar gemstones. For example: imitation diamond cubic zirconia is colorless, with strong dispersion (0.060), strong luster, high density, 5.8g/cm3, and obvious hand weighing feeling. Yttrium aluminum garnet dispersion soft, the naked eye is difficult to distinguish it from diamonds. It has become a popular gem that people can own and wear. The culture of diamond has a long history. Today, people regard it as a symbol of love and loyalty< Some people say that diamond is diamond. In fact, this is totally wrong (the difference between them is equivalent to the relationship between wood and furniture). Diamond is only a proct of diamond finishing. Modern science and technology provide new ideas and methods for exploring the formation of diamond. Diamond is the hardest and simplest gem in the world. It is a natural crystal with cubic structure composed of carbon. The composition of its treasure map diamond is basically the same as that of our common coal, pencil lead and sugar. Carbon element crystallizes to form graphite (black) under high temperature and pressure, while precious diamond (white) crystallizes in high temperature, extremely high pressure and rection environment (usually a kind of anoxic environment). In order to understand the origin of diamonds, first take a look at the original rock containing diamonds. Since the discovery of diamonds in India, we have been hearing stories of people picking up diamonds on rivers and beaches. This is because the original rock containing diamonds in the upper reaches of the river is weathered and broken, and the diamonds are carried to the downstream with the current, and the heavy diamonds are buried in the gravel. What is the original rock of diamond? In 1870, diamonds were excavated from the Loess of a farm in South Africa. Since then, the excavation of diamonds has been transferred from the river bed to the loess. Under the loess is a hard dark blue rock, which is called kimberlite. What is kimberlite? Kimberlite is a kind of alkaline ultrabasic volcanic rock formed in the deep part of the earth, which contains a lot of volatile components such as carbonic acid gas. This kind of rock often contains fragments of peridotite and eclogite from the deep part of the earth, which is the main source of ore
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