Mining Wu Di
Publish: 2021-05-05 00:48:48
1. Earthquake (earthquake) is the rapid vibration of the earth's surface, also known as ground motion in ancient times. Like wind, rain, lightning, landslides and volcanic eruptions, it is a natural phenomenon that often occurs on the earth. It originates from a point underground, which is called focus. The vibration comes from the source and spreads through the earth. The closest point on the ground to the source is called the epicenter, which is the earliest place to receive vibration. The earth vibration is the most direct and common manifestation of earthquake. Strong earthquakes in the seabed or coastal areas can cause huge waves, known as tsunamis. Earthquakes are extremely frequent. There are about 500 earthquakes every year in the world, which have a great impact on the whole society< According to the causes of earthquakes, earthquakes can be divided into the following categories:
1. Tectonic earthquakes
earthquakes caused by the dislocation and rupture of deep underground strata are called tectonic earthquakes (Fig. 1-1). This kind of earthquake is the most frequent and destructive, accounting for more than 90% of the world's earthquakes< Volcanic earthquake is called volcanic earthquake because of volcanism, such as magmatism and gas explosion. Only in volcanic active areas can volcanic earthquakes occur, which only account for about 7% of earthquakes in the world< 3. Collapse earthquake
the earthquake caused by the collapse of underground cave or top of mine is called collapse earthquake. The scale of this kind of earthquake is relatively small, and the frequency is very few. Even if there are, it often occurs in limestone areas with dense karst caves or large-scale underground mining areas< Inced seismicity
4. Inced seismicity
the seismicity caused by reservoir water storage and oilfield water injection is called inced seismicity. This kind of earthquake only occurs in some specific reservoir area or oil field area< Artificial earthquake is the ground vibration caused by underground nuclear explosion and explosive explosion. Artificial earthquake is caused by human activities. Such as instrial blasting, underground nuclear explosion caused by vibration; High pressure water injection in deep wells and Impoundment of large reservoirs increase the pressure of the earth's crust and sometimes ince earthquakes
the place where the seismic wave originates is called the source. The vertical projection of the source on the ground is called the epicenter. The depth from the epicenter to the source is called the source depth. Generally, shallow source earthquakes with focal depth of less than 70 km, medium source earthquakes with focal depth of 70-300 km and deep source earthquakes with focal depth of more than 300 km are called. Destructive earthquakes are usually shallow earthquakes. For example, the focal depth of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake was 12 km.
1. Tectonic earthquakes
earthquakes caused by the dislocation and rupture of deep underground strata are called tectonic earthquakes (Fig. 1-1). This kind of earthquake is the most frequent and destructive, accounting for more than 90% of the world's earthquakes< Volcanic earthquake is called volcanic earthquake because of volcanism, such as magmatism and gas explosion. Only in volcanic active areas can volcanic earthquakes occur, which only account for about 7% of earthquakes in the world< 3. Collapse earthquake
the earthquake caused by the collapse of underground cave or top of mine is called collapse earthquake. The scale of this kind of earthquake is relatively small, and the frequency is very few. Even if there are, it often occurs in limestone areas with dense karst caves or large-scale underground mining areas< Inced seismicity
4. Inced seismicity
the seismicity caused by reservoir water storage and oilfield water injection is called inced seismicity. This kind of earthquake only occurs in some specific reservoir area or oil field area< Artificial earthquake is the ground vibration caused by underground nuclear explosion and explosive explosion. Artificial earthquake is caused by human activities. Such as instrial blasting, underground nuclear explosion caused by vibration; High pressure water injection in deep wells and Impoundment of large reservoirs increase the pressure of the earth's crust and sometimes ince earthquakes
the place where the seismic wave originates is called the source. The vertical projection of the source on the ground is called the epicenter. The depth from the epicenter to the source is called the source depth. Generally, shallow source earthquakes with focal depth of less than 70 km, medium source earthquakes with focal depth of 70-300 km and deep source earthquakes with focal depth of more than 300 km are called. Destructive earthquakes are usually shallow earthquakes. For example, the focal depth of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake was 12 km.
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