Pine house eth miner
Publish: 2021-05-06 02:21:53
1. When it comes to money, mining is indispensable. In ethereum network, if you want to get Ethereum, you also need to mine it. When it comes to mining, there must be a consensus mechanism
do you remember what the consensus mechanism of bitcoin is? The consensus mechanism of bitcoin is pow. To put it simply, the more work you do, the higher the amount of computation you pay, the more likely you will be the first to find the correct hash value, and the more likely you will be rewarded with bitcoin
however, there are some defects in the pow of bitcoin, that is, it is too slow to process transactions, and miners need to constantly collide hash values through calculation, which is costly and inefficient. Friends who are interested in blockchain knowledge should see such a saying:
in order to make up for the deficiency of bitcoin, Ethereum has proposed a new consensus mechanism, called POS (this is the abbreviation of English, which means "proof of equity", also translated into "proof of equity")
POS simply means the same as its literal meaning: equity, equity. The more currency you hold, the more equity you have, the higher your equity
Ethereum's POS means that the more money you hold, the longer you hold it, the less difficult it will be to calculate and the easier it will be to mine
in the initial setting of Ethereum, Ethereum hopes to build a relatively stable system by using POW in the early stage, then graally adopt POW + POS, and finally completely transition to POS. So, it's true that the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is POS, but POS is only a plan or goal at the beginning of Ethereum's release. At present, Ethereum has not yet transitioned to POS, and the consensus mechanism adopted by Ethereum is still pow, that is, the pow of bitcoin, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin
the amount of information here is a bit large,
the first information point is that the consensus mechanism currently adopted by Ethereum is also pow, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin. So, what's the difference between the pow of Ethereum and bitcoin: in short, the mining difficulty of Ethereum can be adjusted, but the mining difficulty of bitcoin can't be adjusted. Just like our college entrance examination, because the teaching situation and the number of students in different provinces are not the same, so the college entrance examination is divided into national papers and provincial independent proposition
Ethereum said that I am in favor of the topic by region. Bitcoin said: No, it must be the same volume in the whole country. The difficulty is the same for everyone
the popular explanation is that bitcoin uses computer computing power to do a lot of hash collisions, enumerate various possibilities to find a correct hash value. The Ethereum system has a special formula to calculate the difficulty of each block. If a block is verified faster than the previous block, Ethereum protocol will increase the difficulty of the block. By adjusting the block difficulty, the time needed to verify the block can be adjusted
according to the Ethereum protocol, the dynamic adjustment method of difficulty is to make the time interval of creating new blocks in the whole network 15 seconds, and the network uses 15 seconds to create blockchain. In this way, because the time is too fast, the synchronization of the system is greatly improved, and it is difficult for malicious participants to launch 51% (that is, more than half) of the computing power to modify historical data in such a short time
the second information point is: in the initial setting of Ethereum, we hope to achieve the transition from POW to
POS through phased upgrade
dating back to 2014, at the beginning of Ethereum's launch, the team announced that the launch of the project would be divided into four stages, namely, Froniter, homestead, metropolis and serenity. In the first three stages, the consensus mechanism adopts pow (workload proof mechanism), and in the fourth stage, it switches to POS (equity proof mechanism)
on July 30, 2015, the first phase "frontier" of Ethereum was officially released. This phase is only suitable for developers. Developers can write smart contracts and decentralized application DAPP on Ethereum network, and miners begin to enter Ethereum network to maintain network security and get Ethereum coins. The leading-edge version is similar to the beta version, proving whether the Ethereum network is reliable or not
on March 14, 2016, Ethereum entered the second stage of "homeland". In this stage, Ethereum provides the wallet function, so that ordinary users can easily experience and use Ethereum. There is no obvious technology improvement in other aspects, but it shows that Ethereum network can run smoothly
in September 2017, Ethereum has reached the third stage of "metropolis"“ "Metropolis" is composed of Byzantine and Constantinople. The goal of this stage is to introce the hybrid chain mode of POW and POS, so as to prepare for the smooth transition from POW to POS. This is the latest popular "Ethereum Constantinople upgrade". In the Constantinople upgrade, Ethereum will make some changes to the underlying protocols and algorithms to lay a good foundation for the implementation of POW and
POS
how much reward will Ethereum get for mining? Miners who win the block creation competition will get the following income:
1. Static reward, 5 ethereums
2. The fuel cost in the block, i.e. gas, we talked about in the last issue
3. As a part of the block, it includes the extra reward of "Uncle block". Uncle is uncle of uncle, and each uncle block can get 1 / 32 of the mining reward as a reward, that is, 5 times 1 / 32, which is equal to 0.15625 ethereums. Here, let's briefly explain the concept of "TERT block". The concept of "TERT block" was proposed by Ethereum. Why should we introce the concept of TERT block? This also starts with bitcoin. In the bitcoin protocol, the longest chain is considered absolutely correct. If a block is not part of the longest chain, it is called a "orphan block". An isolated block is a block, which is also legal, but it may be found later, or the network transmission is slower, and it does not become part of the longest chain. In bitcoin, the solitude is meaningless and will be discarded later, and the miners who find the solitude will not receive mining related rewards
however, Ethereum does not think that isolated blocks are worthless, and Ethereum system will give rewards to miners who find isolated blocks. In Ethereum, isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", which can contribute to the security of the main chain. Ethereum's ten second block interval is too fast, which will rece the security. By encouraging the use of tertiary blocks, the main chain can obtain more security guarantees (because the isolated block itself is legal). Moreover, paying the tertiary block can also stimulate the miners to actively mine and actively use tertiary blocks. Therefore, Ethereum thinks that it is valuable.
do you remember what the consensus mechanism of bitcoin is? The consensus mechanism of bitcoin is pow. To put it simply, the more work you do, the higher the amount of computation you pay, the more likely you will be the first to find the correct hash value, and the more likely you will be rewarded with bitcoin
however, there are some defects in the pow of bitcoin, that is, it is too slow to process transactions, and miners need to constantly collide hash values through calculation, which is costly and inefficient. Friends who are interested in blockchain knowledge should see such a saying:
in order to make up for the deficiency of bitcoin, Ethereum has proposed a new consensus mechanism, called POS (this is the abbreviation of English, which means "proof of equity", also translated into "proof of equity")
POS simply means the same as its literal meaning: equity, equity. The more currency you hold, the more equity you have, the higher your equity
Ethereum's POS means that the more money you hold, the longer you hold it, the less difficult it will be to calculate and the easier it will be to mine
in the initial setting of Ethereum, Ethereum hopes to build a relatively stable system by using POW in the early stage, then graally adopt POW + POS, and finally completely transition to POS. So, it's true that the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is POS, but POS is only a plan or goal at the beginning of Ethereum's release. At present, Ethereum has not yet transitioned to POS, and the consensus mechanism adopted by Ethereum is still pow, that is, the pow of bitcoin, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin
the amount of information here is a bit large,
the first information point is that the consensus mechanism currently adopted by Ethereum is also pow, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin. So, what's the difference between the pow of Ethereum and bitcoin: in short, the mining difficulty of Ethereum can be adjusted, but the mining difficulty of bitcoin can't be adjusted. Just like our college entrance examination, because the teaching situation and the number of students in different provinces are not the same, so the college entrance examination is divided into national papers and provincial independent proposition
Ethereum said that I am in favor of the topic by region. Bitcoin said: No, it must be the same volume in the whole country. The difficulty is the same for everyone
the popular explanation is that bitcoin uses computer computing power to do a lot of hash collisions, enumerate various possibilities to find a correct hash value. The Ethereum system has a special formula to calculate the difficulty of each block. If a block is verified faster than the previous block, Ethereum protocol will increase the difficulty of the block. By adjusting the block difficulty, the time needed to verify the block can be adjusted
according to the Ethereum protocol, the dynamic adjustment method of difficulty is to make the time interval of creating new blocks in the whole network 15 seconds, and the network uses 15 seconds to create blockchain. In this way, because the time is too fast, the synchronization of the system is greatly improved, and it is difficult for malicious participants to launch 51% (that is, more than half) of the computing power to modify historical data in such a short time
the second information point is: in the initial setting of Ethereum, we hope to achieve the transition from POW to
POS through phased upgrade
dating back to 2014, at the beginning of Ethereum's launch, the team announced that the launch of the project would be divided into four stages, namely, Froniter, homestead, metropolis and serenity. In the first three stages, the consensus mechanism adopts pow (workload proof mechanism), and in the fourth stage, it switches to POS (equity proof mechanism)
on July 30, 2015, the first phase "frontier" of Ethereum was officially released. This phase is only suitable for developers. Developers can write smart contracts and decentralized application DAPP on Ethereum network, and miners begin to enter Ethereum network to maintain network security and get Ethereum coins. The leading-edge version is similar to the beta version, proving whether the Ethereum network is reliable or not
on March 14, 2016, Ethereum entered the second stage of "homeland". In this stage, Ethereum provides the wallet function, so that ordinary users can easily experience and use Ethereum. There is no obvious technology improvement in other aspects, but it shows that Ethereum network can run smoothly
in September 2017, Ethereum has reached the third stage of "metropolis"“ "Metropolis" is composed of Byzantine and Constantinople. The goal of this stage is to introce the hybrid chain mode of POW and POS, so as to prepare for the smooth transition from POW to POS. This is the latest popular "Ethereum Constantinople upgrade". In the Constantinople upgrade, Ethereum will make some changes to the underlying protocols and algorithms to lay a good foundation for the implementation of POW and
POS
how much reward will Ethereum get for mining? Miners who win the block creation competition will get the following income:
1. Static reward, 5 ethereums
2. The fuel cost in the block, i.e. gas, we talked about in the last issue
3. As a part of the block, it includes the extra reward of "Uncle block". Uncle is uncle of uncle, and each uncle block can get 1 / 32 of the mining reward as a reward, that is, 5 times 1 / 32, which is equal to 0.15625 ethereums. Here, let's briefly explain the concept of "TERT block". The concept of "TERT block" was proposed by Ethereum. Why should we introce the concept of TERT block? This also starts with bitcoin. In the bitcoin protocol, the longest chain is considered absolutely correct. If a block is not part of the longest chain, it is called a "orphan block". An isolated block is a block, which is also legal, but it may be found later, or the network transmission is slower, and it does not become part of the longest chain. In bitcoin, the solitude is meaningless and will be discarded later, and the miners who find the solitude will not receive mining related rewards
however, Ethereum does not think that isolated blocks are worthless, and Ethereum system will give rewards to miners who find isolated blocks. In Ethereum, isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", which can contribute to the security of the main chain. Ethereum's ten second block interval is too fast, which will rece the security. By encouraging the use of tertiary blocks, the main chain can obtain more security guarantees (because the isolated block itself is legal). Moreover, paying the tertiary block can also stimulate the miners to actively mine and actively use tertiary blocks. Therefore, Ethereum thinks that it is valuable.
2.
1. Power consumption: 243w; Calculation force: 22.4m; Price: 1999 yuan; The number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.015; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 24.8 yuan; Expected payback time: 81.66 days
2. Power consumption of the whole machine: 159w; Calculation force: 24.3m; Price: 1599 yuan; Number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.017; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.9 yuan; Expected payback time: 57.31 days
3. Power consumption: 171w; Calculation force: 24.4m; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 27.87 yuan; Expected payback time: 71.73 days
4. Power consumption: 97W; Calculation force: 9.2; Price: 999 yuan; Number of eth g every 24 hours: 0.006; Revenue generated every 24 hours: 10.09 yuan; Expected payback time: 99.1 days
extended data
mining machine risk
1. The problem of electricity charge
in order to make the graphics card full load for a long time, the power consumption will be quite high, and the electricity charge will be higher and higher. Many professional mines at home and abroad are operated in areas with extremely low electricity charges, such as hydropower stations, while more users can only mine at home or in ordinary mines, so the electricity charges are not cheap. Even in a certain residential area in Yunnan, there was a case of crazy mining, which led to a large area trip of the residential area, and the transformer was burned
2. Hardware expenditure
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. Some mining machines are composed of more such graphics card arrays. With dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards, the cost of hardware and other costs is very high, and there is a considerable expenditure in mining
3, currency security
the withdrawal of bitcoin requires hundreds of keys, and most people will record this long string of numbers on the computer, but the frequent problems such as hard disk damage will make the key permanently lost, which also leads to the loss of bitcoin
3. Download the easy miner
register the Ethernet wallet
the wallet address to the mining software to start mining
the money you have g can be sold in the trading market
that's it
register the Ethernet wallet
the wallet address to the mining software to start mining
the money you have g can be sold in the trading market
that's it
4. I don't want to it<
start to go to the West wilderness. Yes, it's right to go to the Union's place to dig the mine. Don't want to turn the map to the death mine. Go easy. 75. Go back to learn skills. After
75, go to the death mine. When the tin mine is green, prepare for the iron ore. at the beginning, the smelting minerals will be upgraded. Watch the smelting ore mined by other mines become gray in the smelting process The cave in the middle of the hill, the snow mountain giant, what's there? There are 3-4 mining spots in it. Go out and change the map all the way north. Go to the map Shangrao. Go to the barren land. Can't the secret silver be mined? After tanalis continues to walk around the garden, the silver mine will be waiting for you to wave. After picking the East West pestilence winter spring valley of xilisus, you can go to Outland to struggle ~ ~
the above is basically bullshit. Spend some money on Taobao to buy a collection in one month, and the world will be quiet. The 45 small size of Fanfu tribe in zone 2 will be numb in Outland. It's normal to see the yellow dot flying down the mine
start to go to the West wilderness. Yes, it's right to go to the Union's place to dig the mine. Don't want to turn the map to the death mine. Go easy. 75. Go back to learn skills. After
75, go to the death mine. When the tin mine is green, prepare for the iron ore. at the beginning, the smelting minerals will be upgraded. Watch the smelting ore mined by other mines become gray in the smelting process The cave in the middle of the hill, the snow mountain giant, what's there? There are 3-4 mining spots in it. Go out and change the map all the way north. Go to the map Shangrao. Go to the barren land. Can't the secret silver be mined? After tanalis continues to walk around the garden, the silver mine will be waiting for you to wave. After picking the East West pestilence winter spring valley of xilisus, you can go to Outland to struggle ~ ~
the above is basically bullshit. Spend some money on Taobao to buy a collection in one month, and the world will be quiet. The 45 small size of Fanfu tribe in zone 2 will be numb in Outland. It's normal to see the yellow dot flying down the mine
5. It's just a new name for the new proct, because the name of gtx1080ti has been used, and it's just a new code for the 2000 series
6. In fact, you know how to recover. Why can you do so many push ups before? Why not now? Come up with the reason and you'll see. Even if you don't want to go to the gym, you can set yourself a recovery goal every day, how many kilometers to walk outside, do two push ups indoors today, do three tomorrow, do four the day after tomorrow, then mbbell exercise arm strength and so on. As long as you have perseverance, determination, implementation and goal, you will be able to recover from the past, and maybe even stronger.
7. 1. Liu Bei: describes a long-term leisure, career without success
2. Endless troubles in the future (Liu Bei): refers to the endless calamities left to the future
3. Like a fish in water (Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang): it refers to getting a person who is very compatible with you or a very suitable environment for you
4. Sangu Maolu (Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang): it is used to describe a person who is eager for talent, and later it is used to refer to a number of sincere visits
5. Just born (Zhuge Liang): it describes being childish and lacking practical experience
6. Zhuge Liang describes the magnificence of the terrain of Nanjing
7. Brainstorming (Zhuge Liang): it refers to gathering people's opinions and expanding the effect of work
8. Dedication (Zhuge Liang): it means to contribute all one's strength and die
9. Empty city stratagem (Zhuge Liang): refers to a combat method
10. Looking at the plum to quench thirst (Cao Cao): it means comforting yourself with fantasy
11. Dao (Cao Cao and his famous general Cui Yan): refers to people who write articles
12. Talent (Cao Zhi): it describes high learning and good literary talent
13. Seven step talent (Cao Zhi): it describes excellent talent and quick thinking
14. Superior (Guan Yu): to describe a person who is superior to others, no one can compare with him
15. Bravery (Zhao Yun): it's a great courage
16. Gu quzhoulang (Zhou Yu, governor of the state of Wu): he is good at listening to music or opera
17. Destruction of the nest (Kong Rong's two sons): it refers to the misfortune of the country or the collective, of course, its people or members are not immune
18. Jian Bi Qing Ye (Xun Yu, Cao Cao's counselor) refers to a method of fighting to starve and trap the enemy< Such as chewing chicken ribs (Yang Xiu), the metaphor is very boring
20. Laoniuli (Yang Biao, Yang Xiu's father): refers to parents caressing their children
21. Momentum (Du Yu): it means that the army has won battles all the way, and the situation is as smooth as splitting a bamboo pole with a knife
22. Carrying capacity (Zhao Zi, a Chinese doctor in the state of Wu): it is not uncommon to describe a large number of vehicles
23. Decapitated general (Yan Yan, prefect of Bajun): describes a brave and unyielding man who would rather die than surrender
24. Wu xia'amung (famous general of Wu state, LV Meng): describes a rude man without knowledge
25. Take it for granted (Kong Rong): to describe a subjective assumption without factual basis
26. Great speed in military use (Guo Jia, counselor of the state of Wei): it refers to the magic and speed in military use
27. Being rude (Zhang Ying): it describes being rude and impolite
28. Late success of a great instrument (Cui Yan): it is said that excellent talents need a long time of training to become a great instrument< (Pang Tong, Lu Ji, Gu Shao, who is called "fengxiao"), carrying heavy things to a distant place
30. Liu Chan is a metaphor for music and forgetting the origin.
2. Endless troubles in the future (Liu Bei): refers to the endless calamities left to the future
3. Like a fish in water (Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang): it refers to getting a person who is very compatible with you or a very suitable environment for you
4. Sangu Maolu (Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang): it is used to describe a person who is eager for talent, and later it is used to refer to a number of sincere visits
5. Just born (Zhuge Liang): it describes being childish and lacking practical experience
6. Zhuge Liang describes the magnificence of the terrain of Nanjing
7. Brainstorming (Zhuge Liang): it refers to gathering people's opinions and expanding the effect of work
8. Dedication (Zhuge Liang): it means to contribute all one's strength and die
9. Empty city stratagem (Zhuge Liang): refers to a combat method
10. Looking at the plum to quench thirst (Cao Cao): it means comforting yourself with fantasy
11. Dao (Cao Cao and his famous general Cui Yan): refers to people who write articles
12. Talent (Cao Zhi): it describes high learning and good literary talent
13. Seven step talent (Cao Zhi): it describes excellent talent and quick thinking
14. Superior (Guan Yu): to describe a person who is superior to others, no one can compare with him
15. Bravery (Zhao Yun): it's a great courage
16. Gu quzhoulang (Zhou Yu, governor of the state of Wu): he is good at listening to music or opera
17. Destruction of the nest (Kong Rong's two sons): it refers to the misfortune of the country or the collective, of course, its people or members are not immune
18. Jian Bi Qing Ye (Xun Yu, Cao Cao's counselor) refers to a method of fighting to starve and trap the enemy< Such as chewing chicken ribs (Yang Xiu), the metaphor is very boring
20. Laoniuli (Yang Biao, Yang Xiu's father): refers to parents caressing their children
21. Momentum (Du Yu): it means that the army has won battles all the way, and the situation is as smooth as splitting a bamboo pole with a knife
22. Carrying capacity (Zhao Zi, a Chinese doctor in the state of Wu): it is not uncommon to describe a large number of vehicles
23. Decapitated general (Yan Yan, prefect of Bajun): describes a brave and unyielding man who would rather die than surrender
24. Wu xia'amung (famous general of Wu state, LV Meng): describes a rude man without knowledge
25. Take it for granted (Kong Rong): to describe a subjective assumption without factual basis
26. Great speed in military use (Guo Jia, counselor of the state of Wei): it refers to the magic and speed in military use
27. Being rude (Zhang Ying): it describes being rude and impolite
28. Late success of a great instrument (Cui Yan): it is said that excellent talents need a long time of training to become a great instrument< (Pang Tong, Lu Ji, Gu Shao, who is called "fengxiao"), carrying heavy things to a distant place
30. Liu Chan is a metaphor for music and forgetting the origin.
8. "Sour, astringent, painful and distending", your eyes are protesting to you. The best way to relieve eye fatigue is to let your eyes rest< Young people are very attentive when using computers. The frequency of blinking has dropped from the normal once every five or six seconds to once every ten or even twenty seconds. Specifically blink 300 times a day to help clean your eyes and give them a little massage. A few minutes rest with eyes closed can also relieve eye fatigue
ring the second and long holidays, take regular breaks
take 5-10 minutes every hour to relax in the distance. After using the computer continuously every 2 to 3 hours, move your eyes away from the computer for 10 to 15 minutes to let your eyes relax properly. You can gently massage around your eyes with your hands to let your eyes fully adjust and rest
three, long holidays, relax with all your heart
holidays encourage you to go out and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature, or go to the gym to exercise. These activities let your body and mind relax, but also let your eyes relax.
ring the second and long holidays, take regular breaks
take 5-10 minutes every hour to relax in the distance. After using the computer continuously every 2 to 3 hours, move your eyes away from the computer for 10 to 15 minutes to let your eyes relax properly. You can gently massage around your eyes with your hands to let your eyes fully adjust and rest
three, long holidays, relax with all your heart
holidays encourage you to go out and enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature, or go to the gym to exercise. These activities let your body and mind relax, but also let your eyes relax.
9. There is no prohibition, but your political and economic status is not enough. Have you ever been to the Confucius palace, the Forbidden City, and now Zhongnanhai? There are no pines and cypresses in these places! Because of its slow growth, it can't grow into wood or shade in a short time, so it is rarely planted. For a long time, it has been mistaken as an ominous tree species in the folk.
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