Eht mining brush BIOS tutorial
Publish: 2021-05-07 12:00:57
1. Recently, the price of bitcoin has been rising. Last week, the single price of bitcoin broke through the RMB 20000 mark. Compared with speculation, what is more exciting is self-sufficient mining. The assembly of mining machine has become the focus of attention
in order to cater to the current mining boom, major manufacturers have released corresponding mining motherboards to seize the market. What can be inserted into the magic board of 13 graphics cards, super stable power supply and so on. It's easy to ignore the BIOS on the motherboard while configuring the heap. Although the current mining has experienced several years of training, but at present, when we assemble the mining machine, we still need to toss BIOS, in order to use the multi card to improve the performance of mining. For most mine friends, it is a great test to brush BIOS. If the brush is broken, the whole board will be scrapped. The major manufacturers in improving the corresponding configuration at the same time, but rarely invest too much research and development in BIOS. The reason is that the BIOS of mining machinery is difficult to develop, the research and development time is too long, and the cost recovery is slow. Therefore, compared with the BIOS of special mining machine, it is better to improve the profit of motherboard configuration
there are many mining motherboards on the market, but there are few motherboards with BIOS specially set for mining. Recently, Meijie has developed a special intelligent BIOS for the newly upgraded professional mining motherboard sy-b85-btc. The BIOS of this motherboard can intelligently identify 6 graphics cards. Save all mine friends time, plug and play, convenient and fast, mining no longer wait. We all know that AMD's mining graphics cards have been sold crazy recently, and NVIDIA can't sit there any more. It is reported that NVIDIA will launch a professional mine card gtx1060, which has no display output interface. Meijie, with foresight, has set up integrated display output for mining BIOS by default. After that, NVIDIA's gtx1060 can be perfectly adapted, more than enough
Meijie sy-b85-btc is based on the scheme design verified by mining instry for many years, and also continues the characteristics of Meijie's high efficiency and low price mine board. As an ATX board, Meijie is equipped with 7-phase luxury power supply, all solid black gold capacitor and PCI-E stabilized capacitor design, to ensure stable and safe mining< The sy-b85-btc adopts B85 chip design, supports the fourth and fifth generation CPU of lga1150 interface, and supports lga115x and LGA775 radiator. It is convenient for miner to upgrade the motherboard and use the old CPU and radiator at the same time. Of course, six PCI-E slots are essential for the motherboard specially designed for mining. Three of them are pci-ex16 slots and three are pci-ex1 slots, which can support up to 6 cards mining. Meijie sy-b85-btc also supports 7 * 24-hour all-weather mining, lightning protection, over-current protection, over-voltage protection, high temperature protection, etc. Such a sharp artifact, how can you not let mining friends heart?
in order to cater to the current mining boom, major manufacturers have released corresponding mining motherboards to seize the market. What can be inserted into the magic board of 13 graphics cards, super stable power supply and so on. It's easy to ignore the BIOS on the motherboard while configuring the heap. Although the current mining has experienced several years of training, but at present, when we assemble the mining machine, we still need to toss BIOS, in order to use the multi card to improve the performance of mining. For most mine friends, it is a great test to brush BIOS. If the brush is broken, the whole board will be scrapped. The major manufacturers in improving the corresponding configuration at the same time, but rarely invest too much research and development in BIOS. The reason is that the BIOS of mining machinery is difficult to develop, the research and development time is too long, and the cost recovery is slow. Therefore, compared with the BIOS of special mining machine, it is better to improve the profit of motherboard configuration
there are many mining motherboards on the market, but there are few motherboards with BIOS specially set for mining. Recently, Meijie has developed a special intelligent BIOS for the newly upgraded professional mining motherboard sy-b85-btc. The BIOS of this motherboard can intelligently identify 6 graphics cards. Save all mine friends time, plug and play, convenient and fast, mining no longer wait. We all know that AMD's mining graphics cards have been sold crazy recently, and NVIDIA can't sit there any more. It is reported that NVIDIA will launch a professional mine card gtx1060, which has no display output interface. Meijie, with foresight, has set up integrated display output for mining BIOS by default. After that, NVIDIA's gtx1060 can be perfectly adapted, more than enough
Meijie sy-b85-btc is based on the scheme design verified by mining instry for many years, and also continues the characteristics of Meijie's high efficiency and low price mine board. As an ATX board, Meijie is equipped with 7-phase luxury power supply, all solid black gold capacitor and PCI-E stabilized capacitor design, to ensure stable and safe mining< The sy-b85-btc adopts B85 chip design, supports the fourth and fifth generation CPU of lga1150 interface, and supports lga115x and LGA775 radiator. It is convenient for miner to upgrade the motherboard and use the old CPU and radiator at the same time. Of course, six PCI-E slots are essential for the motherboard specially designed for mining. Three of them are pci-ex16 slots and three are pci-ex1 slots, which can support up to 6 cards mining. Meijie sy-b85-btc also supports 7 * 24-hour all-weather mining, lightning protection, over-current protection, over-voltage protection, high temperature protection, etc. Such a sharp artifact, how can you not let mining friends heart?
2. Monetary fund assets are mainly invested in short-term money market instruments with low risk, such as treasury bonds, central bank bills, commercial bills, bank certificates of deposit, government short-term bonds, etc., which are characterized by high security, high liquidity and stable returns
most of the funds do not promise to keep the principal, even if the fund keeps the principal, it also has the holding period and other conditions to keep the principal, and the specific provisions of each fund are subject to the announcement of the fund company.
most of the funds do not promise to keep the principal, even if the fund keeps the principal, it also has the holding period and other conditions to keep the principal, and the specific provisions of each fund are subject to the announcement of the fund company.
3. Most of them only need to upload the photos on the front and back of the ID card and the associated mobile phone number. Rarely need to hold ID card photos, some may involve financial functions need to hold ID card photos.
4.
ASUS p8p67_ The steps to refresh the BIOS of Le motherboard are as follows:
1. Find the motherboard of the corresponding model on ASUS official website and select the corresponding operating system
above is the operation steps of refreshing ASUS motherboard BIOS
5. Download the latest BIOS of a motherboard from the official website, unzip and find the afuwin file. This is the BIOS under windows
open afuwin, open a ROM file, and then click flash. During this period, it's better to turn off all programs, antivirus software and firewall<
latest BIOS
http://www.ecs.com.cn/ECSWebSite/Proct/Proct_ Detail.aspx?DetailID=824&CategoryID=1&MenuID=16&LanID=2
open afuwin, open a ROM file, and then click flash. During this period, it's better to turn off all programs, antivirus software and firewall<
latest BIOS
http://www.ecs.com.cn/ECSWebSite/Proct/Proct_ Detail.aspx?DetailID=824&CategoryID=1&MenuID=16&LanID=2
6. 1. Hard brush BIOS means to rewrite the contents of BIOS with software. For example, the common motherboard is imitated as the motherboard of a brand computer by brushing BIOS, so that OEM vista, Windows 7 and other systems can be directly installed without activation
2. The soft brush is to write a code in the main boot sector (MBR) of the hard disk, in which there is a program to read the BIOS information, so as to transfer the simulated BIOS information to the windows system, so that the system thinks that the BIOS information read from the main board is OEM brand machine, so as to cheat the system verification process
the advantage of soft brush is that there is no need to rewrite BIOS, there is no risk of damaging BIOS, and it can cheat the system certification.
2. The soft brush is to write a code in the main boot sector (MBR) of the hard disk, in which there is a program to read the BIOS information, so as to transfer the simulated BIOS information to the windows system, so that the system thinks that the BIOS information read from the main board is OEM brand machine, so as to cheat the system verification process
the advantage of soft brush is that there is no need to rewrite BIOS, there is no risk of damaging BIOS, and it can cheat the system certification.
7. If there is no BIOS self-test,
only hard disk self-test
some motherboards can skip some displays. The specific setting method depends on your BIOS interface.
only hard disk self-test
some motherboards can skip some displays. The specific setting method depends on your BIOS interface.
8. How to brush? I want to hear from you!
9. "BIOS refresh" is not strange, because "BIOS refresh" can not only add new functions, but also solve some compatibility problems. But in the process of refreshing, sometimes there are some problems like this and that, which make the refreshing fail. So what causes refresh failure? In fact, if you understand the BIOS refresh process, you will solve these questions. To write the BIOS file to the BIOS chip, it involves: BIOS file, BIOS chip and BIOS refresh program. Therefore, we will make a detailed introction from these three aspects This paper mainly introces the BIOS chip, because if you understand the BIOS chip, you will understand the refresh process)
BIOS can be divided into three types: award BIOS, AMI BIOS and Phoenix BIOS. Each of the three kinds of BIOS has its own characteristics (we won't explain them in detail here), but no matter which type of BIOS, it provides the lowest level and most direct driver for the system hardware. BIOS file is a compressed binary file (take award BIOS as an example, the principle of amibios is consistent with it, and even completely consistent in some places. For example, the starting address of the boot block of the two kinds of BIOS files, 1m file starts from 1e000h, 2m file starts from 3e000h) (Figure 1), which can be roughly divided into three parts. One part is called system BIOS, which is the most basic part of the system. The file name is usually original.tmp. All BIOS have this part (Figure 2), which contains the basic BIOS program Prompt information and instructions, etc; In fact, this part is also a decompressor. After that, the moles are mainly decompressed by this part; At the same time, the addressing space of the file is defined. When we open a BIOS file with modbin program, the temporary file is the system BIOS mole, with the size of 128K (usually, we modify the contents of BIOS, mainly to modify this part). The second part is to extend the BIOS program, which is different from the standard award BIOS function customized by various manufacturers. In fact, almost all manufacturers will add this part of content; Then there are CPU microcode, ACPI and other moles, in which we can add other moles (such as jabber Recovery Wizard); The third part is the boot block, which is also the only mole in the BIOS file that has not been compressed. Because it supports isa graphics card and floppy drive, we can use this part to start the machine and recover when the BIOS is damaged. BIOS files are generally 1m (128KB * 8), 2m (256Kb *), 4m (512k * 8). 1mbit = 8 * 128kbyte (1byte = 8bit)
BIOS chip is actually the carrier of BIOS file. BIOS files are stored in the chip, and the programs in the chip can be erased, read and written through the external interface of the chip. BIOS chip can be understood as a building with multiple units (storage unit of the chip), each unit stores a binary code (0 or 1). The binary BIOS files are stored in the chip one by one in order. BIOS chip can be divided into EPROM, EEPROM, flashrom and so on according to the storage principle and technology. EPROM is a non-volatile memory (Fig. 3) (Fig. 4),
has the feature of no loss after power failure; The memory unit is composed of floating gate FET. The floating gate is charged by high voltage to write the chip, erase the internal data, and eliminate the charge on the floating gate by ultraviolet light to make it uncharged. The working voltage of EPROM is 5V. When writing, a special programmer must be used, and a certain programming voltage must be applied (VPP = 12-24 V, depending on different chip models). EPROM models start with 27 (such as ATMEL 27c020)< The EEPROM is an electrically erasable volatile memory (Fig. 5) (Fig. 6). Its memory cell is also composed of floating gate FET. When writing, the floating gate is charged by the tunneling effect under high voltage; However, the voltage polarity is opposite, so the floating gate is not charged. The working voltage of EEPROM is 5V. When writing, a certain programming voltage (VPP = 12V) needs to be added. The model of eerprom starts with 28 (such as am28f020)
flash ROM is also an electro erasable volatile memory (flash memory chip) (Fig. 7) (Fig. 8), which is also composed of floating gate FET. When writing, the floating gate is charged by hot electron injection; When erasing, the floating gate loses electrons by using the tunneling effect under high voltage. The working and refreshing voltage of flash ROM is 5V, and its models are generally 29, 39 and 49 (such as SST 39sf020). At present, BIOS chips on the motherboard are basically flash ROM. BIOS chip has three basic operations: read, erase and program. To understand the above operation process, first understand the structure of the chip. Chip (memory) external interface (PIN) can be divided into: data line, address line, control line, power line (Figure 9). The address line is used to determine the address of the data, and the data line is used to input and output data. The control line includes CE, OE and we; CE is a chip selection signal. When CE is at low level, the chip is selected (that is, any operation can be performed on the chip. When multiple BIOS chips are used in series, CE can be used to select which chip to operate. For example, in rd2000 al BIOS system, CE is used to switch two BIOS chips. Generally, the motherboard is a single BIOS chip, so CE is always at low level, That is to say, it's always for selection; When OE is low level, data output is allowed, that is, the contents in the chip can be read. When OE is high level, the output is prohibited and the contents cannot be read; When we is low level, we can program (write) the chip. When we is high level, we can't program the chip (we can connect this pin to high level, then the chip can't write. Invincible lock is to raise this pin to high level to protect the chip). For EEPROM, it doesn't need to erase, so it can program directly. For flash ROM, it needs to erase the contents of the chip first, and then it can write new contents. The power line includes VCC, VPP and PR. VCC is 5V power supply, VPP is 12V power supply when 28 series write (29 series this pin is NC, that is, empty pin), PR is 12V power supply of 28 series block BIOS, which is written for boot block. Whether the chip is reading, erasing or programming, all kinds of signals need to cooperate with each other according to a certain time sequence and a certain level, and the control signal time sequence is completed by the programming program. The process of completing this time sequence is also called refresh process (it is also a program code provided by the manufacturer. Although the manufacturer of the same type of chip is different, the refresh process is the same); Different chip, its control timing is also different, so the programming program will also carry on the corresponding control according to the chip model
different chips have different control timing, and the programming program will control according to the chip model. How does the refresh program identify the chip model? In fact, each kind of chip has its own identification, which is chip ID (also known as chip ID card). Because different chips have different IDS, the refresh program reads the chip ID to distinguish different chips, and calls different refresh process codes (control program) according to the chip ID to complete the chip programming
seeing this, we have a general understanding of how the refresh works. Then we continue to learn how the refresh program can write the chip. When we run the refresh program (take AWDFLASH as an example), after the refresh program starts, we directly detect the BIOS ID (this is the ID of the BIOS file); At this time, the BIOS ID and BIOS date are displayed on the top of the program, but the chip type is not displayed (because the refresh program is a BIOS image transferred into memory at this time, there is no operation on the BIOS chip) (Figure 10); At the same time, it prompts you to enter the BIOS file name that will be refreshed soon (here, many netizens ask that the BIOS file extension downloaded is not bin and other rule extensions, such as 123, etc.). In fact, the BIOS file is just a binary file, so no matter what kind of extension, just input it according to the file name and extension of the file). When we enter the path and file name of the BIOS file, press enter, and then the refresh program detects whether the CE pin of the BIOS chip is low. If it is low, the chip is selected, and then detects the ID of the chip, Then, according to the BIOS ID, the model of the corresponding BIOS chip is displayed in the flash type of the program (Figure 11), and the corresponding refresh process code is called (at this time, the BIOS chip can be read and written). If the refresh program can't read the ID of the chip, and the unknown flash is displayed in (flash type), then we can't read and write the BIOS chip.
(the reason may be that the BIOS chip has been damaged, and if the refresh program can't call in the corresponding refresh process code, the system will exit without any prompt, This is mainly because the refresh program version is too high or too low. At this time, you can replace other versions of the refresh program (Figure 12). If the normal system will continue, it will prompt whether to save the original BIOS. If you press save, the system will call in the refresh process code of the corresponding chip according to the BIOS ID detected in the previous step, and check whether the OE pin is low level. If it is low level, the processor will determine the read address of the chip storage unit through a0-a17 address line according to the refresh process of the chip, Then read the data of the specified address from the chip through the data line d0 ~ D7 (read 8-bit binary code at a time), and save it as a file according to the file name you input. If we choose to write instead of saving the file, first of all, the system will compare the ID of the BIOS file we are about to write with the image file in memory (this is the BIOS file ID, which is why we can't modify the ID with ordinary modification tools). If not, the system will prompt the program files part number doesn & # 39; T match with your system (Figure 13). If this prompt appears, we should not force writing; If it is consistent, the processor determines the write address of the chip storage unit through a0-a17 address line according to the chip refresh process, and then writes the updated BIOS file to the chip storage unit through d0-d7 data line. After normal writing, the system will prompt to restart or return to the operating system. We can choose by ourselves, and the refresh process is completed. Now we understand the BIOS chip refresh process, in the future in the refresh process of any error, we can clearly know the problem and the reason
the author's note: Although the control lines CE, OE and we of BIOS chip can be divided into high and low levels, they are all low levels under normal conditions, that is, the chip can be programmed at any time. As we said above, the refresh program detects the control pin of the chip when programming, just to let you understand that the refresh program reads and writes according to the refresh process of the chip. This is why the CIH virus can destroy the contents of the chip. However, we can artificially pull the we pin to the high level, that is, first cut off the connection between the 31 pin (we) and the motherboard, and then weld a 1K resistor between the 31 pin (we) and the 32 pin (VCC), so as to raise the we pin to the high level, without any interference
BIOS can be divided into three types: award BIOS, AMI BIOS and Phoenix BIOS. Each of the three kinds of BIOS has its own characteristics (we won't explain them in detail here), but no matter which type of BIOS, it provides the lowest level and most direct driver for the system hardware. BIOS file is a compressed binary file (take award BIOS as an example, the principle of amibios is consistent with it, and even completely consistent in some places. For example, the starting address of the boot block of the two kinds of BIOS files, 1m file starts from 1e000h, 2m file starts from 3e000h) (Figure 1), which can be roughly divided into three parts. One part is called system BIOS, which is the most basic part of the system. The file name is usually original.tmp. All BIOS have this part (Figure 2), which contains the basic BIOS program Prompt information and instructions, etc; In fact, this part is also a decompressor. After that, the moles are mainly decompressed by this part; At the same time, the addressing space of the file is defined. When we open a BIOS file with modbin program, the temporary file is the system BIOS mole, with the size of 128K (usually, we modify the contents of BIOS, mainly to modify this part). The second part is to extend the BIOS program, which is different from the standard award BIOS function customized by various manufacturers. In fact, almost all manufacturers will add this part of content; Then there are CPU microcode, ACPI and other moles, in which we can add other moles (such as jabber Recovery Wizard); The third part is the boot block, which is also the only mole in the BIOS file that has not been compressed. Because it supports isa graphics card and floppy drive, we can use this part to start the machine and recover when the BIOS is damaged. BIOS files are generally 1m (128KB * 8), 2m (256Kb *), 4m (512k * 8). 1mbit = 8 * 128kbyte (1byte = 8bit)
BIOS chip is actually the carrier of BIOS file. BIOS files are stored in the chip, and the programs in the chip can be erased, read and written through the external interface of the chip. BIOS chip can be understood as a building with multiple units (storage unit of the chip), each unit stores a binary code (0 or 1). The binary BIOS files are stored in the chip one by one in order. BIOS chip can be divided into EPROM, EEPROM, flashrom and so on according to the storage principle and technology. EPROM is a non-volatile memory (Fig. 3) (Fig. 4),
has the feature of no loss after power failure; The memory unit is composed of floating gate FET. The floating gate is charged by high voltage to write the chip, erase the internal data, and eliminate the charge on the floating gate by ultraviolet light to make it uncharged. The working voltage of EPROM is 5V. When writing, a special programmer must be used, and a certain programming voltage must be applied (VPP = 12-24 V, depending on different chip models). EPROM models start with 27 (such as ATMEL 27c020)< The EEPROM is an electrically erasable volatile memory (Fig. 5) (Fig. 6). Its memory cell is also composed of floating gate FET. When writing, the floating gate is charged by the tunneling effect under high voltage; However, the voltage polarity is opposite, so the floating gate is not charged. The working voltage of EEPROM is 5V. When writing, a certain programming voltage (VPP = 12V) needs to be added. The model of eerprom starts with 28 (such as am28f020)
flash ROM is also an electro erasable volatile memory (flash memory chip) (Fig. 7) (Fig. 8), which is also composed of floating gate FET. When writing, the floating gate is charged by hot electron injection; When erasing, the floating gate loses electrons by using the tunneling effect under high voltage. The working and refreshing voltage of flash ROM is 5V, and its models are generally 29, 39 and 49 (such as SST 39sf020). At present, BIOS chips on the motherboard are basically flash ROM. BIOS chip has three basic operations: read, erase and program. To understand the above operation process, first understand the structure of the chip. Chip (memory) external interface (PIN) can be divided into: data line, address line, control line, power line (Figure 9). The address line is used to determine the address of the data, and the data line is used to input and output data. The control line includes CE, OE and we; CE is a chip selection signal. When CE is at low level, the chip is selected (that is, any operation can be performed on the chip. When multiple BIOS chips are used in series, CE can be used to select which chip to operate. For example, in rd2000 al BIOS system, CE is used to switch two BIOS chips. Generally, the motherboard is a single BIOS chip, so CE is always at low level, That is to say, it's always for selection; When OE is low level, data output is allowed, that is, the contents in the chip can be read. When OE is high level, the output is prohibited and the contents cannot be read; When we is low level, we can program (write) the chip. When we is high level, we can't program the chip (we can connect this pin to high level, then the chip can't write. Invincible lock is to raise this pin to high level to protect the chip). For EEPROM, it doesn't need to erase, so it can program directly. For flash ROM, it needs to erase the contents of the chip first, and then it can write new contents. The power line includes VCC, VPP and PR. VCC is 5V power supply, VPP is 12V power supply when 28 series write (29 series this pin is NC, that is, empty pin), PR is 12V power supply of 28 series block BIOS, which is written for boot block. Whether the chip is reading, erasing or programming, all kinds of signals need to cooperate with each other according to a certain time sequence and a certain level, and the control signal time sequence is completed by the programming program. The process of completing this time sequence is also called refresh process (it is also a program code provided by the manufacturer. Although the manufacturer of the same type of chip is different, the refresh process is the same); Different chip, its control timing is also different, so the programming program will also carry on the corresponding control according to the chip model
different chips have different control timing, and the programming program will control according to the chip model. How does the refresh program identify the chip model? In fact, each kind of chip has its own identification, which is chip ID (also known as chip ID card). Because different chips have different IDS, the refresh program reads the chip ID to distinguish different chips, and calls different refresh process codes (control program) according to the chip ID to complete the chip programming
seeing this, we have a general understanding of how the refresh works. Then we continue to learn how the refresh program can write the chip. When we run the refresh program (take AWDFLASH as an example), after the refresh program starts, we directly detect the BIOS ID (this is the ID of the BIOS file); At this time, the BIOS ID and BIOS date are displayed on the top of the program, but the chip type is not displayed (because the refresh program is a BIOS image transferred into memory at this time, there is no operation on the BIOS chip) (Figure 10); At the same time, it prompts you to enter the BIOS file name that will be refreshed soon (here, many netizens ask that the BIOS file extension downloaded is not bin and other rule extensions, such as 123, etc.). In fact, the BIOS file is just a binary file, so no matter what kind of extension, just input it according to the file name and extension of the file). When we enter the path and file name of the BIOS file, press enter, and then the refresh program detects whether the CE pin of the BIOS chip is low. If it is low, the chip is selected, and then detects the ID of the chip, Then, according to the BIOS ID, the model of the corresponding BIOS chip is displayed in the flash type of the program (Figure 11), and the corresponding refresh process code is called (at this time, the BIOS chip can be read and written). If the refresh program can't read the ID of the chip, and the unknown flash is displayed in (flash type), then we can't read and write the BIOS chip.
(the reason may be that the BIOS chip has been damaged, and if the refresh program can't call in the corresponding refresh process code, the system will exit without any prompt, This is mainly because the refresh program version is too high or too low. At this time, you can replace other versions of the refresh program (Figure 12). If the normal system will continue, it will prompt whether to save the original BIOS. If you press save, the system will call in the refresh process code of the corresponding chip according to the BIOS ID detected in the previous step, and check whether the OE pin is low level. If it is low level, the processor will determine the read address of the chip storage unit through a0-a17 address line according to the refresh process of the chip, Then read the data of the specified address from the chip through the data line d0 ~ D7 (read 8-bit binary code at a time), and save it as a file according to the file name you input. If we choose to write instead of saving the file, first of all, the system will compare the ID of the BIOS file we are about to write with the image file in memory (this is the BIOS file ID, which is why we can't modify the ID with ordinary modification tools). If not, the system will prompt the program files part number doesn & # 39; T match with your system (Figure 13). If this prompt appears, we should not force writing; If it is consistent, the processor determines the write address of the chip storage unit through a0-a17 address line according to the chip refresh process, and then writes the updated BIOS file to the chip storage unit through d0-d7 data line. After normal writing, the system will prompt to restart or return to the operating system. We can choose by ourselves, and the refresh process is completed. Now we understand the BIOS chip refresh process, in the future in the refresh process of any error, we can clearly know the problem and the reason
the author's note: Although the control lines CE, OE and we of BIOS chip can be divided into high and low levels, they are all low levels under normal conditions, that is, the chip can be programmed at any time. As we said above, the refresh program detects the control pin of the chip when programming, just to let you understand that the refresh program reads and writes according to the refresh process of the chip. This is why the CIH virus can destroy the contents of the chip. However, we can artificially pull the we pin to the high level, that is, first cut off the connection between the 31 pin (we) and the motherboard, and then weld a 1K resistor between the 31 pin (we) and the 32 pin (VCC), so as to raise the we pin to the high level, without any interference
10.
1. After downloading the matched BIOS file, you can see three files, among which the one with H81 is the main BIOS program
Remove PE disk and enter BIOS / system normallyHot content