Sharing broadband mining principle

1.

In short, mining is the use of chips for a random number related calculation, get the answer in exchange for a virtual currency. Virtual currency can be exchanged for the currency of each country through some way. The stronger the computing power, the faster the chip can find this random answer. Theoretically, the more virtual coins can be proced per unit time. Because it's about random numbers, you can only get rewards if you happen to find the answer

In his paper, Nakamoto stated:

"in the absence of central authority, it not only encourages miners to support bitcoin network, but also enables bitcoin's currency circulation system to have the initial source of money injection."

Nakamoto compares the generation of bitcoin by consuming CPU power and time to the consumption of resources by gold mines to inject gold into the economy. Bitcoin mining and node software mainly initiates zero knowledge proof and verification transactions through peer-to-peer network, digital signature and interactive proof system

each network node concts broadcast transactions to the network. After these broadcast transactions are verified by miners (computers on the network), miners can use their own work proof results to express their confirmation. The confirmed transactions will be packaged into data blocks, and the data blocks will form a continuous data block chain

Nakamoto himself designed the first version of bitcoin mining program, which was later developed into the first generation of widely used mining software bitcoin, which was popular from 2009 to mid-2010

each bitcoin node will collect all the unconfirmed transactions and gather them into a data block. The miner node will add a random adjustment number and calculate the SHA-256 hash value of the previous data block. The mining node tries again and again until it finds the random adjustment number so that the hash value is lower than a specific target

extended data

at the earliest, bitcoin miners were mining through Intel or AMD CPU procts. But because mining is a computing intensive application, and with the continuous improvement of mining number and equipment performance, the difficulty graally increases, now using CPU mining has no profit or even loss

as of 2012, since the first quarter of 2013, miners graally began to use GPU or FPGA and other mining equipment [5]. At the same time, a large number of ASIC devices were launched in mid 2013

since July 2013, the computing power of the whole network has shown a straight-line rise e to the large number of ASIC equipment put into operation. Based on the average computing power in July 2013, all CPU mining equipment has been unable to generate positive revenue, and FPGA equipment is close to no revenue

according to the estimation of average computing power in September 2013, the existing small ASIC mining equipment developed for indivials will also be close to no positive revenue in the next 1-2 months. A large amount of computing power is monopolized by cluster ASIC mining equipment with 5 th ash / s or more. Because of no profit, indivial mining is almost squeezed out of mining groups. Some bitcoin miners have raised funds to build machine rooms and install a large number of mining equipment in places where low-cost electricity can be obtained

in order to save the cost of mining, some bitcoin miners make mining programs into malicious programs to infect other people's computers on the network to mine for themselves

2. When it comes to money, mining is indispensable. In ethereum network, if you want to get Ethereum, you also need to mine it. When it comes to mining, there must be a consensus mechanism
do you remember what the consensus mechanism of bitcoin is? The consensus mechanism of bitcoin is pow. To put it simply, the more work you do, the higher the amount of computation you pay, the more likely you will be the first to find the correct hash value, and the more likely you will be rewarded with bitcoin
however, there are some defects in the pow of bitcoin, that is, it is too slow to process transactions, and miners need to constantly collide hash values through calculation, which is costly and inefficient. Friends who are interested in blockchain knowledge should see such a saying:
in order to make up for the deficiency of bitcoin, Ethereum has proposed a new consensus mechanism, called POS (this is the abbreviation of English, which means "proof of equity", also translated into "proof of equity")
POS simply means the same as its literal meaning: equity, equity. The more currency you hold, the more equity you have, the higher your equity
Ethereum's POS means that the more money you hold, the longer you hold it, the less difficult it will be to calculate and the easier it will be to mine
in the initial setting of Ethereum, Ethereum hopes to build a relatively stable system by using POW in the early stage, then graally adopt POW + POS, and finally completely transition to POS. So, it's true that the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is POS, but POS is only a plan or goal at the beginning of Ethereum's release. At present, Ethereum has not yet transitioned to POS, and the consensus mechanism adopted by Ethereum is still pow, that is, the pow of bitcoin, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin
the amount of information here is a bit large,
the first information point is that the consensus mechanism currently adopted by Ethereum is also pow, but it is slightly different from the pow of bitcoin. So, what's the difference between the pow of Ethereum and bitcoin: in short, the mining difficulty of Ethereum can be adjusted, but the mining difficulty of bitcoin can't be adjusted. Just like our college entrance examination, because the teaching situation and the number of students in different provinces are not the same, so the college entrance examination is divided into national papers and provincial independent proposition
Ethereum said that I am in favor of the topic by region. Bitcoin said: No, it must be the same volume in the whole country. The difficulty is the same for everyone
the popular explanation is that bitcoin uses computer computing power to do a lot of hash collisions, enumerate various possibilities to find a correct hash value. The Ethereum system has a special formula to calculate the difficulty of each block. If a block is verified faster than the previous block, Ethereum protocol will increase the difficulty of the block. By adjusting the block difficulty, the time needed to verify the block can be adjusted
according to the Ethereum protocol, the dynamic adjustment method of difficulty is to make the time interval of creating new blocks in the whole network 15 seconds, and the network uses 15 seconds to create blockchain. In this way, because the time is too fast, the synchronization of the system is greatly improved, and it is difficult for malicious participants to launch 51% (that is, more than half) of the computing power to modify historical data in such a short time
the second information point is: in the initial setting of Ethereum, we hope to achieve the transition from POW to
POS through phased upgrade
dating back to 2014, at the beginning of Ethereum's launch, the team announced that the launch of the project would be divided into four stages, namely, Froniter, homestead, metropolis and serenity. In the first three stages, the consensus mechanism adopts pow (workload proof mechanism), and in the fourth stage, it switches to POS (equity proof mechanism)
on July 30, 2015, the first phase "frontier" of Ethereum was officially released. This phase is only suitable for developers. Developers can write smart contracts and decentralized application DAPP on Ethereum network, and miners begin to enter Ethereum network to maintain network security and get Ethereum coins. The leading-edge version is similar to the beta version, proving whether the Ethereum network is reliable or not
on March 14, 2016, Ethereum entered the second stage of "homeland". In this stage, Ethereum provides the wallet function, so that ordinary users can easily experience and use Ethereum. There is no obvious technology improvement in other aspects, but it shows that Ethereum network can run smoothly
in September 2017, Ethereum has reached the third stage of "metropolis"“ "Metropolis" is composed of Byzantine and Constantinople. The goal of this stage is to introce the hybrid chain mode of POW and POS, so as to prepare for the smooth transition from POW to POS. This is the latest popular "Ethereum Constantinople upgrade". In the Constantinople upgrade, Ethereum will make some changes to the underlying protocols and algorithms to lay a good foundation for the implementation of POW and
POS
how much reward will Ethereum get for mining? Miners who win the block creation competition will get the following income:
1. Static reward, 5 ethereums
2. The fuel cost in the block, i.e. gas, we talked about in the last issue
3. As a part of the block, it includes the extra reward of "Uncle block". Uncle is uncle of uncle, and each uncle block can get 1 / 32 of the mining reward as a reward, that is, 5 times 1 / 32, which is equal to 0.15625 ethereums. Here, let's briefly explain the concept of "TERT block". The concept of "TERT block" was proposed by Ethereum. Why should we introce the concept of TERT block? This also starts with bitcoin. In the bitcoin protocol, the longest chain is considered absolutely correct. If a block is not part of the longest chain, it is called a "orphan block". An isolated block is a block, which is also legal, but it may be found later, or the network transmission is slower, and it does not become part of the longest chain. In bitcoin, the solitude is meaningless and will be discarded later, and the miners who find the solitude will not receive mining related rewards
however, Ethereum does not think that isolated blocks are worthless, and Ethereum system will give rewards to miners who find isolated blocks. In Ethereum, isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", which can contribute to the security of the main chain. Ethereum's ten second block interval is too fast, which will rece the security. By encouraging the use of tertiary blocks, the main chain can obtain more security guarantees (because the isolated block itself is legal). Moreover, paying the tertiary block can also stimulate the miners to actively mine and actively use tertiary blocks. Therefore, Ethereum thinks that it is valuable.

3. Subscribe currency order transaction, dig together, stir up money in the exchange, be crazy
upgrade mining machine, purchase electricity, dig together, realize wealth growth on the blockchain

how much overtime food to eat, rickets in the March bed, illness consciousness mode, desperate struggle, save life story
I have no fear of the world when I hold money Capital gathering, computing power resisting inflation and material desire

4. The principle of router mining is different from that of coin mining. The essence of router mining is distributed CDN with shared bandwidth. Compared with the playing method of digital currency, the revenue of shared CDN service is stable, which is linked to the upload speed of broadband. 360, Xiaomi, Xunlei, Jirou and xinrou all have mining routes. This instry has a characteristic that the earlier you enter, the easier it is to mine and the higher the profit. You can take a look at the jCG K3 blockchain routing that is going online. JCG is an old manufacturer of intelligent routing. Compared with old mining areas, mining in new mining areas will be much easier. Moreover, it is an intelligent router equipped with blockchain technology. Besides mining, it can also be used for home use.

5. The so-called "mine" is virtual currency. There are many kinds of virtual currencies, among which bitcoin is the most famous. The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system. Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on a specific monetary institution to issue, it is based on a specific algorithm, through a large number of calculations. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulation
GPU is used for general purpose computing. So it can stack hundreds of stream processors awesome. Each stream processor is like a small CPU. Although its ability to run complex programs is far from the power of CPU, it can not support many processors, so the actual performance, especially the single precision floating point performance, is much stronger than that of CPU. The actions in bitcoin can be regarded as the use of graphics card to do continuous general computing, and the computational complexity is relatively low and quite repetitive. The stream processor used by graphics card is just suitable for such an algorithm.

6. To answer this question, is the foreign currency presented in stationery illegal? This is a violation of the law, because it is not a gift.

7. TSN launched rdsx on March 1, 2020, with an increase of 178% by the time of publication and a daily trading volume of 10 million. In order to give back rdsx users, the TSN project party will reward each rdsx user for airdrop. The rules are as follows:

1. Airdrop quantity of each user: 100tsn
2. Airdrop time: March 8, 2020
3. Direct airdrop to the user's rdsx account by the project party
4. Registered users will be valid before 24:00 on March 7, 2020
5. If the user is not willing to withdraw usdt by participating in TSN / usdt transaction, the project party promises to recover usdt by 0.3 yuan on March 15
6. For more incentive schemes, please consult the customer service of the project party.

8. There's no problem, but elasticity doesn't necessarily equal sliding friction
according to Newton's two laws: F bullet - F = ma
only when the acceleration a = 0, the elastic force F is equal to the sliding friction F.

9. The working principle of spring dynamometer: in a certain range, the greater the spring tension, the greater the elongation. When the spring is extended, the pointer fixed with the spring will point to different scales on the dial, so the reading of the spring dynamometer is the force on the hook; When the tension on both sides of the horizontal direction is the same, the dynamometer can be still. This is the indication of the dynamometer and the tension of the hook

10. First of all, explain the equal acceleration: AB is regarded as a system, the two systems are subjected to the force of F, the total mass is M1 + m2, and the two accelerations of F = a (M1 + m2) are equal
① to the right: for a horizontal direction, a is subjected to the force F1 indicated by the dynamometer, where F1 = A1 × M1, ② left: analyze the horizontal direction of B separately, B is subject to the force F2 whose magnitude is indicated by the dynamometer, at this time, F2 = A2 × M2
from A1 = A2, M1 > m2, F1 > F2