Mining collapse

1. mining land refers to mining, quarrying, sand (sand) field, salt field, brick kiln and other ground proction land and tailings stacking land.

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3. The tunnel collapse omen you can see is
the squeezing deformation of the tunnel wall, and the omen you can hear is abnormal sound. But often tunnel collapses occur without warning. In addition, other omens are:
1. The deformation velocity or data value of surrounding rock reflected by the measurement information exceeds the allowable value
2. Longitudinal and transverse cracks or cracks in shotcrete
3. In the pit top or pit wall, it is found that soil blocks, small stones or component support gaps are continuously enlarged and open
4. The principle of rock stratum, the enlargement and opening of joints or fissures
5. The supporting beams and columns are deformed or broken, the wedges are flattened and split, the packing wood is bent and broken, the raking nails are deformed, and the wood supports make a cracking sound
6. Water seepage and dripping in the tunnel suddenly aggravate or become muddy

the omen of large roof fall

in the mining body, there are small faults, fractures, caves, soft rock, mud interlayer, fracture zone, fissure water and so on, which are easy to cause roof fall
1. Before the occurrence of large roof fall, the roof breaks continuously. This is e to the separation between the main roof and the immediate roof, or the sound made when the roof is cut off, which is like the sound of ll thunder, that is, the so-called "plate gun", which is the sound of separation or fracture between the main roof and the upper strata. The roof rock is broken and the slag falls from less to more, from thin to dense, and the roof cracks increase or increase, resulting in subsidence
2. With the increase of the pressure before roof fall, the coal quality becomes soft and the spalling increases after the coal wall is pressed, and the labor saving can be felt when electric drill drilling and shearer cutting coal
3. When the wooden support is used, a large number of supports are broken. When the metal pillar is used, the movable pillar will sink rapidly, and there will be a continuous clucking sound, and the pillar will tremble. If you put your ear on the pillar, you can hear the sound of the pillar compression slightly, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of "flying wedge", that is, the top beam column will be ejected or squeezed
4. In the coal seam with methane, the methane content in the working face increases, the roof with drenching water increases, and the roof with drenching water increases

when these phenomena appear, you must flash quickly! Life matters!

4.

1 Determination of the classification system of mining subsidence land

the land resources and coal resources in the subsidence area of Quantai coal mine in Jiawang District are developed and utilized at the same time, forming a compound ecosystem of instry and agriculture, so it belongs to a fragile ecosystem of destruction more than construction and development more than renovation. Due to the different mining methods, coal seam thickness, burial depth, roof conditions, management and technical level of the mining area in the study area, the ground collapse, water accumulation and their harm degree are also different. In order to facilitate the research and comprehensive development and utilization, the collapse land should be reasonably classified before the information investigation and evaluation. According to the characteristics of the study area, the classification system of mining subsidence land in Quantai District of Jiawang District is established by using the classification method of subsidence land nature (table 6-1), which is mainly divided into non waterlogged subsidence dry land, subsidence swamp land, seasonal waterlogged subsidence land, perennial waterlogged subsidence land and non subsidence land (Mao Hanying et al., 1998; Wang Xingfeng et al., 2007)

Table 6-1 classification system of mining subsidence land in Quantai, Jiawang District; ② From the point of view of the whole subsidence pit or mobile basin, the surface subsidence is continuous, and from the point of view of the internal specific form, it is also shown as uneven unlating state, that is, the micro discrete form; ③ Because of the high groundwater level, when the ground collapses to a certain depth, it will lead to water accumulation in the collapse area; In addition, the rainy season also makes the subsidence area accumulate water; ④ The surface cover is heterogeneous. There are not only ponding area, but also green space with no ponding in the subsidence area, and bare land with salinization caused by ponding. The different land cover patches are heterogeneous and irregular

According to the remote sensing image, the location of the mine and the geological structure characteristics of the mining area are firstly understood, and then the mining subsidence area is interpreted according to the color, vegetation, micro landform and water body on the image. The main interpretation marks are as follows: ① tensile cracks often appear at the edge of the mining subsidence area, These tensile cracks often form curved stripes and textures on aerial photographs. The water is rich in the tensile fracture and the vegetation is often well developed. ② The man-made buildings in the subsidence area have been damaged, such as the collapse of riverbanks and roads, and the forced relocation of residential areas. These images are indirect interpretation signs of mining subsidence areas. ③ The land use efficiency of collapse area is significantly lower than that of non collapse area, and there are more abandoned land, which is easy to be distinguished from non collapse area. ④ The shape of surface water in the subsidence area is irregular, while the shape of artificially excavated ponds is regular. ⑤ In the reclamation area of the subsidence area, the plants in the reclamation area are rare, and the color is gray to grayish white, which is also an important sign to judge the mining subsidence area (Lu Xianzhang, 1997; Zhang Quanjing, 2000)

according to the characteristics of different types of mining subsidence land, the spectral characteristic spots of mining subsidence land were selected (table 6-2)

Table 6-2 spectral characteristics of mining subsidence area

continuation table

(IV) mining subsidence area information extraction

the technical process of mining subsidence area information extraction in Quantai coal mine of Jiawang District is shown in Figure 6-2

Fig. 6-2 flow chart of Mining Subsidence Information Extraction Technology

5. Generally speaking, as long as there is a coal mine collapse area, we need to transfer the masses in the collapse area.

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9. Mine geological disasters, also known as mine geological disasters, mining geological disasters, mining geological disasters, etc., refer to the serious changes in geological, hydrogeological conditions and natural environment of the mining area e to the destruction of a large number of mining roadways and the deformation of rock and soil mass, which endanger the safety of human life and property, damage the mining engineering equipment and resources and environment of the mining area, Disasters affecting mining proction< (1) establish and improve risk assessment and environmental assessment before mining, and formulate policies, regulations and planning system for environmental protection and restoration. Strict assessment before mining, active prevention ring proction, active recovery after mining, mine geological environment recovery and land restoration into laws and regulations, compulsory implementation
(2) strengthen publicity, popularize the knowledge of mine geological disaster prevention and control, improve the quality of mining personnel, and enhance their sense of crisis and alertness to geological disasters. We should improve the skills and means of disaster prevention and mitigation of all staff in the process of mine proction, and strengthen the training of mine geological disaster prevention, risk avoidance and emergency rescue
(3) develop and apply advanced information technology, geophysical exploration means and geochemical exploration means to closely monitor mine geology (Weihai Jinghe), implement real-time monitoring and dynamic monitoring of potential disasters that may occur, establish mine geological disaster monitoring system, and realize dynamic tracking and management system of mine geology and environmental ecology, Avoid major personnel and property losses
(4) strengthen the pit and mine slope design, carry out slope monitoring, strengthen the retaining wall, stabilize the geological structure of the slope, if there is cracking and deformation after excavation, do geological survey in time, and take preventive measures. Reasonable construction of tailings dam, the formation of a stable mine and tailings pond, rece the risk of landslide and collapse.

10. In this case, the local authorities should be ordered to rectify and restore your original appearance. If the rectification is not effective, you can file a lawsuit to the court to ask them to thoroughly solve the housing problem of your family