The earliest mining

1. On November 1, 2008, a self styled Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research report on a secret cryptography discussion group. The report expounded his new idea of electronic currency bitcoin came out
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland
on May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Laszlo hanyecz, a Florida programmer, bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC
on July 16, 2010, the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008. The first sharp price fluctuation shows the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund Union Square's US $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was US $112.09 at this time< On May 28, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for its suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99
on November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt. GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.

3. In fact, I think that the wisdom of the ancients is far more than that of our modern people. The ancients rely more on their wisdom to solve many problems in life. Now we are more a small number of elites to study and solve problems. Most of us enjoy their success and don't use our brains too much. So the wisdom of the ancients is really powerful
the recognition of ore veins by the ancients was basically based on experience, and the recognition of surface mineralization marks or ore vein outcrop shape was the accumulation of long-term labor experience

for example, "pangjinshi" is regarded as the prospecting sign of gold ore in gold ore dressing, and "black road" on rocks is regarded as the sign of silver ore prospecting

for pangjinshi, there are many records in ancient books
the compendium of Materia Medica cites the collection of materia medica: "the collection of vessels says:" common people take gold, dig more than Zhang deep, to fenzi stone, the stone is a black coke, there is gold under the stone... "Fenzi stone is the companion stone<

Qu Dajun quoted Shi Xing Ji in his Guangdong new language: "when I g more than Zhang, I saw Leifu Fanzi stone, which is brown and black scorched at one end. It is a stone with gold, and there must be horseshoe gold. There is a crystal bed beside the gedansha, and a Fanzi stone beside the gold. "
in Ben Cao Yan Yi written by song Kou Zong Xun: "a lump of gold, that is, a cave mountain or a hundred feet, can be seen with gold and stone. The stone is brown, and one end is as black as fire. This can be seen with gold, and its gold is deep red and yellow."< According to Tiangong Kaiwu, "most of the gold comes from the southwest. When you take it from the cave mountain to more than ten feet, you can see the accompanying gold and stone, and you can see the gold. The stone is brown and black like fire."“ However, in the cave of the Yi ape in the south of the five ridges, the gold first came out like black iron, and then it was g deep under the black coke stone“ The method of drawing silver. There are black roads on every stone wall< In Tiangong Kaiwu: "where is the silver seedling in the earth. There may be yellow gravel, or there may be a tangled shape in the cracks between the rocks in the soil, which means that it is not far away to go to the mine. "“ Where silver is made, the reefs are made. To the broken, such as sand, its surface sub ya, such as branch shaped, said riveting, its outer ring Stone said ore (surrounding rock). The large ore is like a fight, and the small one is like a fist. It is a useless waste. Its reef sand shape is like coal, the bottom is lined with stone but not very black, and its height is several

in addition, there are some indicative plants in the place where the gold vein is located, such as a wild Allium macrostemon growing near the gold mine in historical records
Youyang Zazu: "there are alligators on the mountain and gold under it."< According to the Geng Xin jade book, the root of the mountain looks like a green vine, purple and golden

it can be seen that the ancients have accumulated certain experience for the external performance of ore veins through years of prospecting and exploration. However, in order to truly determine the existence of ore veins, it is necessary to test mining and testing to further verify whether the experience is accurate. The Ming Dynasty Lulong's Shuyuan Zaji records: "the mine of hardware was born between mountains and rivers. In the place of origin, only the vein is hidden in the hard rock, which is as tiny as a hair. Those who have knowledge of the mineral resources can get it, chisel it and cook it. "

the so-called "gouge cooking test" is to verify experience through experimental means<

as for the mining method, for placer gold and the like, the panning method is mostly used. In "Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware", it is said that "water gold... Is extracted from the river, panning for gold."<

in addition to scouring for hair, chute method is also used. According to song Zhuyu's Pingzhou Ke Tan, "Liangchuan metallurgy, taking sand along the stream and scouring with wooden plates, has little and laborious results. Deng, laijinkeng households stop using big wood, sawing it, leaving blade marks. When you throw sand on it, you will be flooded with water. When you remove the sand, you can easily get it in the golden saw pattern. "<

the gold chute is also known as "gold Liuzi" and "gold bed". The chute method was widely used in the Qing Dynasty

all of the above are gold mining methods for placer gold. For deep buried gold, mining is necessary< In Ben Cao Yan Yi, song Kou Zong Xun said, "a lump of gold is a cave mountain or a hundred feet..."

"Tiangong Kaiwu · hardware": "most gold comes from the southwest, and the one who takes the cave mountain is more than ten feet..."

all gold and silver mines are mined by rock drilling, and the cave mountain breaks into the underground. Now some ancient mine sites have proved that the ancient mining method in China has been very mature. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the room column method was used to support the mine with wooden columns

excerpt from the fish reading club, for reference only, I hope I can help you and answer your doubts.

4. Primitive human beings have been able to collect stones, grind them into proction tools, and collect clay for pottery making, which is the earliest germination of mining. Mining in ancient China has a long history. Unearthed from the ancient copper mine site in Tonglushan, Daye, Hubei Province, are various proction tools made of copper, iron, wood, bamboo, stone, pottery, copper ingot, copper weapons, etc., which are used for mining, loading, lifting, drainage, lighting, etc., and prove that the combined development of shaft, inclined shaft and drift has been used in the spring and Autumn period, and the underground mining system has initially formed.

5. Last year, some people began to play bitcoin in China. In February and March, the price of bitcoin was about $130 a piece. That's the right time for some people to specialize in mining. However, the craziest thing was that the price of bitcoin began to soar in the second half of the year. The unit price of bitcoin exceeded RMB 10000 a piece. At that time, it was the golden age of mining machinery. After the government issued regulations, the price of bitcoin plummeted, More than n miners and ore sellers died

6. Of course, it can be traded. The bitcoin and Ethereum g up are in their own wallets. They can control them at will and sell them to anyone they want
therefore, if a project tells you that they are going to lock the warehouse when they are g out, it's deceiving. It's not serious mining at all. Please be careful.

7. Since the birth of bitcoin, bitcoin mining has gone through the following four stages:
CPU mining → GPU mining → professional miner mining → mine pool mining
on January 3, 2009, the founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g up the first batch of bitcoin with computer CPU
with the recognition of bitcoin, more and more people are mining, the computing power of the whole network is rising, and the difficulty of mining is graally rising
the first graphics card mining software was released on September 18, 2010. A graphics card is equivalent to dozens of CPUs, and the mining capacity has been significantly improved
later, someone invented a professional mining equipment based on mining chip, namely mining machine. At present, the instry-leading ant miner is equipped with nearly 200 bm1387 chips, which is equivalent to the computing power of more than 30000 GPUs
as more mining machines are added to mining, it is difficult for a single mining machine to dig bitcoin. As a result, the miners concentrated their mining machines and formed mines and pools.

8. In Qiaoshan, a suburb of Guangzhou City, Chinese archaeologists found a "mine cave" more than 5000 years ago. The depth of the mine is more than 37 meters. There are large areas of burning marks on the inner wall of the mine cave, and a large number of carbon chips and burst ore blocks on the ground. After archaeologists' research, it turned out that this was a mining method in the Neolithic Age: they first heated the stone with fire, then poured water, and used the principle of "thermal expansion and cold contraction" to mine the ore. This method has been used by Chinese people since 5000 years ago. It is considered as a good way to save money and time, and it is also a pioneering work in the history of mining instry in the world<

the Shang Zhou ancient mine in Ruichang, Jiangxi Province is the first mine in the world to use advanced "wood support" for deep mining. Like modern mines, it has used the frame type "roof" safety support technology composed of "pit wood", "manufacturing", "roof beam", "column" and "hell", and solved the ventilation problem by using the height of shaft sinking. Digging tools include bronze axes, axes, chisels, etc., earth turning tools include wooden shovels, wooden shovels, etc., loading tools include bamboo baskets, stpans, etc., lifting tools include wooden windlass, hook, rope, etc., and mineral processing tools include "sectional water flushing mineral processing Wooden chute" with movable baffle, etc., which is the earliest and most advanced deep well mining technology in the world

Mining with explosives is a major feature of modern mining instry. China is a country that invented gunpowder, and its "gunpowder blasting" mining technology began in Ming Dynasty. In the world, it was not until the 19th century that it was adopted by large mines in Louisiana and Texas in the United States, more than 400 years later than China

ore prospecting is based on the symbiotic relationship of ore seedlings and minerals and the up-down relationship. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the use of bronzes, cinnabar, mercury and iron is a concrete manifestation of the increase in the types of minerals recognized by people. It also shows that the types of minerals found by outcrops are increasing rapidly Most of the minerals recorded in the book of mountains and seas are outcrops of minerals, i.e. ore seedlings. As recorded in the book of Nanshan, the flamboyant mountain is "rich in gold and jade", and the Tangting mountain is "rich in water and jade, rich in gold". Guanzi Di Shu pian in the Warring States period recorded the use of mineral symbiosis and up-down relationship for ore prospecting, such as: "mountain, where there is ochre above, there is iron below; If there is a variant of "lead" on it, there is silver under it; On a day there is silver under it; If there is red sand on the top, there is gold under it; If there is a kind stone on it, there is copper and gold under it. This mountain is also a place of honor. " He also said, "if there is cinnabar above, there is gold below; There are Cishi above, copper and gold below; There are mausoleum stones on the top and bronze, tin and red copper on the bottom; There is ochre above and iron below. This mountain is also a place of honor. " The so-called "glory in the sight of mountains" is the outcrop of mine seedlings. Xia Xiangrong, a modern geologist, summed them up into six, which are called "Guanzi six": first, there is ochre on the mountain and iron under it; Secondly, there are magnetite on the mountain and copper and gold below it; Third, there is lead on the mountain and silver under it; Fourth, there is red sand on the mountain and gold under it; Fifth, there are mausoleum stones on the mountain and lead, tin and red copper under them; Sixth, there is silver on the mountain and Dan under it“ "Guanzi Liutiao" includes seven kinds of metal minerals, including iron, copper, tin, lead, gold, silver and mercury. It is a summary of the experience gained from prospecting and mining practice before the Western Han Dynasty

indicator plants are used for ore prospecting. In the Liang Dynasty of the northern and Southern Dynasties, there appeared a famous work of Plant prospecting, the geological mirror map The original book has been lost. Now we can only see part of its content from the quotations of later generations. Its main idea is to connect the underground deposits with the plants on the surface. It is the beginning of modern indicator plant prospecting or biogeochemical prospecting method. It is a new idea and theory with great scientific value. Of course, this new theory is graally emerging, not suddenly. Looking back, we find that Xunzi's chapter on persuasion said: "jade is in the mountain, while plants and trees are moist." it is the first time to put forward the idea that the minerals in the mountain are related to the surrounding plant ecology. Zhang Hua of Jin Dynasty also said in his "natural history" that "mountains... Where there are valleys, jade grows". By the time of "ground mirror map", the content has been greatly enriched. The book said: "in February, Mr. grass and trees drooping, under the jade.". In May, the leaves of plants and trees are green and thick without juice. In August, when the plants and branches droop, there must be jade. There are clouds. After August, the dead also have jade. In the middle of December, there is a beautiful jade under the unique branches and leaves of plants. There are green onions in the mountain, silver under it, and the light is faint and white. The stem of the grass is red and beautiful with lead under it; The straw is yellow and beautiful, and there are bronzes under it. " Duan Chengshi in Tang Dynasty 863) made a preliminary arrangement on it, saying: "there are green onions on the mountain and silver under it; There are Allium macrostemon on the mountain and gold under it; There is ginger on the mountain and copper and tin under it; There are treasures and jade in the mountain, and the branches beside the trees are drooping. " These records may not be completely consistent with the actual situation, but he pointed out that the direction of using indicator plants for prospecting is right

Joseph Needham, a British historian of science, once made a proper evaluation of the invention and development of the theory of prospecting by using indicator plants in ancient China. He said: "the observation made by the Chinese people in ancient times can indeed be said to be the pioneer of modern scientific theory and practice which is still developing rapidly and has a very wide range."

9. In ancient China, working people found and used stone, pottery, wood and bone ware in agriculture, animal husbandry and handicraft proction. In the long-term proction practice, it is graally recognized that there are copper blocks in nature, so it began to be mined and used
as early as the Neolithic age, people used the "fire attack" method to mine ore. The Neolithic quarry site in Qiaoshan, southwest of Guangzhou is the earliest ancient mining site in China. There are traces of fire on the inner wall of the mine pit of the site. A thick layer of burned phosphorous stones and carbon chips are accumulated on the roadway floor. It shows that as early as 5000 years ago, people already knew how to use the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction to mine ore, which is a miracle in the history of mining in the world
Mining Technology in ancient China reached a high level in Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, a copper mining site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered in the north corner of Mufu mountain, Xiafan Town, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province. The mining methods of copper mine sites include both open-pit mining and underground mining, mainly underground mining. At that time, the miners had been able to extend the mining system to the rich ore zone tens of meters deep, and built a huge underground stope in the deep stratum with the support of wooden frame. In underground mining, the natural wind is formed by the pressure difference caused by the different height of wellhead, which solves the ventilation problem. The mining tools unearthed from the site include bronze axe, Tomahawk and chisel, soil turning tools include wooden shovel and wooden shovel, loading tools include bamboo basket and bamboo stpan, and lifting tools include wooden windlass and wooden hook. It shows that the ancient copper mine has effectively solved a series of technical problems such as safety, ventilation, drainage and lifting, showing the brilliant achievements of China's early mining technology. In addition, a large-scale concentrator has been found in the mining area, and a wooden chute for concentrator has been excavated, which can make use of the difference of movement state of ore particles in the oblique flow for material separation. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, flow pressure, shear force and bar resistance, ore particles are loose and layered, which is one of the gravity beneficiation methods to achieve separation according to specific gravity. The excavation of Tongling ore dressing trough is an important discovery in the history of ore dressing in the world
extended reading - Tonglushan ancient mine site
the existing Tonglushan ancient mine site in Daye, Hubei Province is an ancient mine site in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The most remarkable feature of the mining technology of the site is that the combined mining method of shaft, inclined shaft, blind shaft and drift is used for deep shaft mining. The largest well is more than 60 meters deep, more than 20 meters below the groundwater level. The Ruichang Tongling mining site and the Daye Tonglushan ancient mine site prove that as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China could not only find rich and large mines, but also excavate deep mines, which was extremely advanced at that time.

10. I'm sorry. I'm still a freshman. I really don't understand. I'm sorry~