FT mining loopholes
FT is not a coin. Ft (fcoin token) is a token issued by fcoin trading platform, which is the representative of all rights and interests of the trading platform. The issuance of FT is based on the principle of "transaction is mining" (see the mining principle) and graally released (see the description of circulation), with the upper limit of 10 billion and never increasing
as the representative of platform equity, the platform will distribute 80% of the income to FT holders (check the details of income distribution). At the same time, FT holders have the right to participate in major decision-making and community management
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extended data:
value of fun coin global common points (FT currency):
1. Transaction mining reward: from 0:00 (UTC + 9) every day, 110% of the transaction fees generated by users will be converted into ft for accumulation, and the conversion price will be calculated according to the average price of FT in that hour (the average price calculation method is total transaction amount / total volume)
2. Bonus reward: 50% of the platform's handling fee income will be distributed to FT holding members as dividends
3. Buy back plan: 20% of the platform's handling charge goes into the buy back fund. When the price of FT fluctuates greatly; All users can enter a public address without private key, and this address can only enter but not exit. All users can effectively supervise through the block browser. The repo program continues until 50% (1.5 billion) ft of the total repo amount
4. Asset injection plan: 20% of the service charge of funcoin platform will be injected into ft assets. The purpose of the fund includes, but is not limited to, dividends for FT users again at a specific time, airdrop rewards, setting up special user reward mechanism, etc
1. Coinbene
country: Singapore
Mining instructions: CONI is issued by the global high-quality digital asset trading platform coinbene in full currency, with a total issue of 1 billion and guaranteed never to be added. Coinbene provides an online service (platform), which allows users to exchange different block link codes with each other. 100% of the platform revenue is converted into eth (converted according to the hourly closing price of ETH) and returned at 3pm the next day. Special line discount of transaction service charge: users holding CONI will enjoy special discount of service charge. The more they hold, the greater the discount. They can enjoy 30% discount at most
2. Fcoin
country: U.S.
Mining Description: fcoin is the first digital asset trading platform with transparent assets in the world, which will distribute 80% of the platform's income to FT holders regularly. Ft (fcoin token) is a token issued by fcoin trading platform, which is the representative of all rights and interests of the trading platform. The issuance of FT is based on the principle of "trading is mining", with an upper limit of 10 billion and will never increase“ The specific way of the "transaction is mining" indivial transaction fee return mechanism is: from 0 o'clock every day (GMT + 8, the same below), the transaction fee generated by the user will be converted into ft for accumulation every hour, and the conversion price is calculated according to the average price of FT in that hour (the average price is calculated as the total transaction amount / total trading volume). Return once an hour, return the mining output 24 hours ago and in the same hour interval. For example, in the interval of 7:00-8:00 one day, the return is the mining output in the interval of 7:00-8:00 the previous day
3, bit-z
country: U.S.
Mining instructions: voting method is adopted to realize currency loading, mining generates BZ in real time, and settlement is returned every 60 minutes. The commission fee will be reced by 3% for every 10 million mines“ Users who participate in the transaction can get a refund of service charge (in the form of equivalent BZ, and need to complete three-level certification); Each phase of 10 million BZ will be released step by step, and each phase of 10 million BZ will automatically enter the next phase. The return ratio of each period will decrease by 3%; At the same time, the platform promotes the opening of BZ transactions according to the mining capacity of the whole network; BZ shall return the service charge according to the formula in "2" before opening the transaction, and 100% of BZ real-time price after opening the transaction; Price calculation: before opening Trading: 1bz = 0.158 usdt, 1bz = 1dkkt, 1bz = (0.158 / BTC price of the whole network) BTC opening; After trading: real time price calculation
Mining instructions: the total amount of bigo coins is 25050000, which adopts destruction mechanism and dividend mechanism, and will never be issued. The only way to obtain bigo currency is for users of the currency exchange to obtain it through mining or online trading. Mining: it refers to the user's transaction on Hong Kong currency Pavilion platform (all currencies except bige currency and bigo currency), namely "transaction mining"“ Miners (users) increase the total trading volume of the platform through trading, and the trading system automatically drops bigo coins to miners as mining rewards U-coincountry: Australia
Mining instructions: Au is based on erc20 contract tokens, with a total issue of 5 billion, and will never be issued. All Au are frozen and need to be thawed by mining, 50% of which is released by trading mining. AU's "mining" is realized in the form of indivial transaction dividends. The specific calculation method is as follows: daily income of the miner = daily transaction handling charge / Au currency price of the day * dynamic transaction mining Commission. The "daily transaction handling charge" refers to the total handling charge generated by the miner's daily transaction in the Au trading area of u Network in Australia“ "Current day Au currency price" refers to the daily average price of Au currency on Australian u-net platform“ "Dynamic transaction mining rebate" means that the platform will refund 100% to 200% of the total transaction fees of the Au trading area on the same day according to the total mining quantity and currency price on the same day
there are more than a dozen other companies. There are too many words to post. Let's see for ourselves
continuous update: trade is mining! The most complete list of mining exchanges in history
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hope it helps! Many agree
it's a matter of a few days to borrow money to buy another mine
I don't know which version of your Sogou Wubi is mine. I don't have the entry of "birthday"
will it be customized by you? When I use the word "Du" in Sogou ftjb, you can press and hold "Ctrl + 2 & quot; The words in the second order will run to the first order
and can be directly displayed by pressing the space
it is generally caused by the negligence of the staff
specifically, the overflow vulnerability is caused by the imprecise boundary verification of the received data by one or some input functions (user input parameters) in the program
according to the principle of stack call in program execution, if the program automatically removes the part beyond the boundary without verification, the part beyond the boundary will cover the data storing the program pointer. When the above code is executed, the program will automatically call the command of the address pointed by the pointer
according to this principle, malicious users can construct overflow programs. In fact, the overflow principle is very simple (I thought it was difficult to understand, too much, O (∩)_ ∩)o… Of course, in order to make it easy for you to understand, some program examples will be quoted here (if there is no programming basis, you can skip the program without looking at it, which has little impact, and you can still understand it), and it will be more popular and simple, not too in-depth
find a suitable program (sweat! It's easy to find programs that match, but there aren't many programs that are particularly simple to find a rookie, 55 ~ ~). Let's take a look at the following program:
? Include "StdAfx. H"
? Include "string. H"
? Include "stdio. H"
char buf [255], pass [4]/* Declare the variable to let the computer allocate the specified memory * /
int main (int argc, char * argv) []
{
printf ("please enter your password:)/* Specify the output character * /
scanf (% s, buf)/* Enter a string and save it in the variable buf * /
strcpy (pass, buf)/* Copy the string in the string buf to the variable pass * /
if (StrCmp (pass, "wlqs") = = 0) / * compare whether the input string is password * /
printf ("input correct!")
else printf ("input error!)< br />return 0;<
}
(Note: the Chinese in "/ *" is a comment on the program)
this is a password verification program, which is the same as our usual password input. First let the user input the password, and then get the real password. Compared with it, if the difference is 0, the output password is correct, otherwise the output password is wrong. Many account login programs do this, it seems not very reasonable, in fact, it has a fatal flaw! This loophole is easy to see. That is, it applies for four bytes of storage space for data, but in case the user inputs more than four bytes of data, where are the remaining bytes stored
for example, a one meter long piece of wood is pasted from the tail to the head with words on it, and then a blue piece of paper is pasted from the head of the wood to the tail with words on it. However, after the red piece of paper is pasted, only 4cm is left. After the red piece of paper is pasted, someone will read 96cm words and execute the command of the note, But the blue paper has a length of 10cm. What should we do? Just stick the rest of the blue note on the red one. Then some of the words on the red note are covered. But that person would still read the words 96cm in the back, so he only read them wrong. The words in the front were all blue notes. The previous command to execute was 6cm after the blue note
of course, you don't understand this example very well. Let's make a note as follows:
people - CPU
words on the red note - commands to be executed by CPU
4cm length - memory space requested by computer for data
words on the blue note - data to be stored
you can see that the blue note has covered the words on the red note, However, that person still has to read the words 96cm behind and execute them. It's no longer a prescribed order! He can't do it, he can't read it! Then he can't execute and report an error
as shown in the figure, the system only allocates 4 bytes of memory for my password, so the password I entered is "714718366" which has been cycled for 6 times. It is more than 4 bytes, and the remaining characters will overflow! The remaining numbers will occupy the memory space, so the system will execute the memory occupied data when executing the command, instead of executing the original written command! How to implement these digital systems? Then it has to report a mistake! Said this program has encountered a problem and needs to be closed. The program on the computer will fail to execute or close< Second, local spillovers
& lt/ B> The above-mentioned local computer e to data overflow and close the program or unable to execute is called local overflow. The input of extra long data has covered the code to be executed by the computer. However, the computer does not care whether the instruction has been changed or not. It still takes the data in the space where the instruction was originally stored to run! shujucuole! shujucuole!” These illegal overflow data, it will still be executed, but in the computer such instructions are illegal instructions, that is, instructions that do not conform to the logic of the computer, the user will make mistakes when executing it, so the program is forced to close
digression: (think about it or say it)_ ∩) O... My hobby... A hobby that benefits others at the expense of oneself) many programs can be closed by using this overflow vulnerability, such as those remote ecation systems installed in the computer rooms of various schools. The reason why the students' computers are controlled by the teachers' computers is that there is a student terminal program installed on the students' computers, and the teachers' computers can remotely control the students' terminals through the teachers' terminals, There is no launch function on the student side, and the user group of the student does not have the authority to forcibly end the process. When the student does not want to be controlled by the teacher, you can open the remote message function on the student side, and enter long data in the message, such as hundreds of thousands of "dare to control me! Look, I won't kill you! ", Then send, you can make the student program error and be forced to close the system. This move is also useful for the charging system of some Internet cafes^_^
Third, remote overflow
take another example (hey, this English letter is too difficult to type, the program is even more difficult to find, and I have read several books! 55~~)：
#include “stdafx.h”
#include < winsock.h>< br />#pragma comment(lib ,”ws2_ 32”)
int main(int argc,char* argv[ ])
{
char buf[255]=” ”,pass[4]=” ”; // Declare variables to let the computer allocate memory
/ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =< br />struct sockaddr_ in addr1;< br />struct sockaddr_ in addr2;< br />addr1 .sin_ addr.s_ addr=INADDR_ ANY;< br />addr1 .sin_ family=AF_ INET;< br />addr1 .sin_ port=htons(1234);< br />WSADATA * wsadatal=new WSADATA( );< br />WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),wsadatal1);< br />sock1=socket(AF_ INET,SOCK_ STREAM,0);< br />bind(sock1,(sockaddr *)&addr1,sizeof(struct sockaddr) );< br />listen(sock1,10);< br />int iSin=sizeof(struct sockaddr_ in);
if (sock2 = accept (sock1, (SOCKADDR *) & addr2, & ISIN)
{/ / a user connects in
send (sock2, "please enter the password, if the password is correct, I will tell you my QQ:", 36,0)
/ / sending prompts the user to enter the password
if (recv (sock2, buf, 255,0))
{/ / accepts the data sent by the user and saves it in the buffered buf variable
strcpy (pass, buf))// Copy the data in the buffered buf variable to the pass variable
if (StrCmp (pass, "wlqs" = = 0)
/ / compare whether the difference between the data in the pass variable and the "wlqs" string is 0
{/ / the difference is 0, then the two are equal and the password is correct
send (sock2, "714718366", 9,0)// Send the QQ number to the user
}
else
{/ / otherwise, it means the password is wrong
send (sock2, "wrong password!"), 10,0);
}
}
}
/ / = = = = = = [/ ft] close the network connection and exit = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Close socket (sock2)< br />closesocket(sock1);< br />return 0;
}
(beat me to death! What a long letter! I hate playing English! Writing and writing are two different things
this is a server program. When a user connects, it will first send a message to prompt the user to enter the login password. In fact, it is similar to the local overflow example mentioned above. The problem lies in the code that copies the data from the cache to the memory. If the password entered by the remote user is too long, the overflow will also occur. Then the program will make a mistake and the server will be forced to shut down
for example, Tencent's instant messaging software server program was constantly attacked by hackers, leading to the server crash and unable to provide normal services. However, many users can't log in, and if they log in in in time, they will be offline again in a few minutes. It's because their server has such a vulnerability and has been exploited by others, This has caused incalculable losses to them and their customers.