32-bit and 64 bit mining

1. It doesn't make much difference, but it allows you to recognize more memory and make your software run under less pressure
minerhub's wondermole system is a "diskless" mining system based on Linux kernel, which is deeply customized for miners' friends

solve the problem in an all-round way

1. Miracle Moore's Linux kernel has been deeply optimized for more than 200 times to avoid the problem that some hardware failures will directly lead to system crash
2. In view of the situation that many mining software in the market can't connect to the mining pool after restart, miracle Moore perfectly solves the problem by using the function of resetting the image after each restart of the mining machine
3. After testing, the average computing power error and delay share of miracle Moore system in each mine pool are not more than 1.5%, which significantly improves the mining revenue of users
4. After numerous experiments, miracle Moore development team has obtained the optimized VBIOS overclocking setting of graphics card. Compared with the traditional overclocking method, it can further improve the computing power of graphics card by 5% and rece the power consumption by 15%!

2. Check the original post with 32-bit software & gt& gt;

3.

What exactly do 32-bit and 64 bit mean

1, 32-bit and 64 bit mean the maximum number of bits that the processor can process at a time

The maximum addressing space of 32-bit system is about 4294967296 (bit) = 4 (GB)

The maximum addressing space of

3 and 64 bit system is 64th power of 2 = 32nd power of 4294967296 (bit), which is more than 100 million GB

how to check the number of digits on the computer

4. Introction to Windows Vista x64 for ordinary users, we will definitely consider that since the existing 32-bit version of windows still works well, why upgrade to 64 bit? Moreover, because the 32-bit and 64 bit hardware (mainly CPU and motherboard) are not compatible, it may cost a lot of money. What are the advantages of 64 bit? Is it necessary to upgrade to 64 bit system for general users? Windows Vista x64 edition is designed to meet the needs of customers who need a lot of memory and floating-point performance in the fields of mechanical design and analysis, 3D animation, video editing and creation, scientific computing and high-performance computing applications. Performance advantages of special technology applications 64 bit computing performance shows advantages in areas such as automotive or aircraft design, because it allows engineers to create larger and more complex models. With such a system, engineers can use simulation software to analyze the effects of airflow, pressure and heat on automotive or aircraft materials, and then study the results to improve proct design. Similarly, through 64 bit computing, digital content creators (including 3D animation designers, digital artists and game developers) can greatly rece the time required to digitally present 3D models. In the field of scientific computing and high performance computing, Windows Vista x64 edition will help applications such as oil and gas exploration, seismic analysis, computational fluid dynamics and scientific visualization. It supports very large memory and adopts common Windows desktop. For customers who reach 32-bit system memory limit, Windows Vista x64 edition will run on AMD Athlon 64, amd Opteron, Intel Xeon supporting sm64t and Intel Pentium 4 supporting EM64T. The main difference between 32-bit and 64 bit computing based on Windows XP is that the 64 version can use more system memory. Windows Vista x64 edition will initially support up to 128 GB of memory and up to 16 TB of virtual memory. In the future, with the expansion of hardware functions, the supported physical memory will increase accordingly. The access speed of data in memory is thousands of times faster than when it is on disk drive, which can greatly improve the performance of applications developed to use this larger system memory. Provide a single desktop for technology and business applications Windows Vista x64 edition will provide a single desktop for technology and business applications, so that technology workstation users do not need to maintain PCs for business applications and maintain separate workstations for high-end technology applications. Most windows compatible 32-bit applications will run "as is" in a subsystem of Windows Vista x64 edition, which has the same performance as 32-bit windows. Workstation users can make use of the rich integration functions and efficient tools on Windows platform. Designers can build a model and easily share it with others in the company: for the finance group, it to a word document, or for the marketing group, add it to the PowerPoint Slide panel. If you only use 32-bit applications and process no more than 2 GB data sets, you will find that 32-bit Windows Vista is the most suitable desktop system for your applications. Windows Vista x64 edition system can be added to the existing windows based network, and managed together with 32-bit system through the same management tools, so as to make the work of IT department easier. The indirect cost of maintaining and managing the two systems has been reced. The best platform for the next generation of applications developers with 32-bit windows skills will be able to create the next generation of applications for Windows Vista x64 edition comfortably and efficiently. Developers will find that the development environment is almost the same as 32-bit Windows development environment; The Microsoft win64 application programming interface (API) is the same as the Microsoft Win32 API. The existing API has been modified where necessary to reflect the accuracy of its platform. As a result, it simplifies programming and shortens the learning curve for developers to write 64 bit windows code, just like writing 32-bit windows code. 64 bit Windows development environment supports the same function set as 32-bit windows, including UI and programming model, network, security, graphics, multimedia, directory service, plug and play, and tools. Many functions have been modified to reflect the computing accuracy of the application platform. Compared with 32-bit windows, the main feature of Windows Vista x64 edition is that the memory support has been improved. 32 bit windows can support up to 4 GB of system memory, and each processor can use up to 2 GB of dedicated memory; Under 64 bit windows, 128 GB of physical memory and 16 TB of virtual memory can be used at most. The rest of the details can be seen in the following table: like all other 32-bit windows, the virtual memory space in 32-bit Windows Vista is limited to only 4 GB of virtual memory addressing space. The 4 GB memory is divided into two parts, 2 GB for user processes and 2 GB for shared by all processes of the operating system. In some special cases, by using the / 3gb boot parameter, all system processes can be forced to use only 1GB of memory space, while user processes can use 3gb of memory. However, this method is only applicable to applications designed to take advantage of these additional address space, and all programs are limited by the amount of memory available by the operating system. The compatibility of Windows Vista x64 edition can be seen from the above contents. For 64 bit windows, ordinary computer users do not have to consider it now. For example, if you just chat on the Internet, watch movies and use office to write files, then the existing 32-bit windows can well meet your needs. At present, the biggest disadvantage of 64 bit windows is compatibility, and the most prominent aspect of compatibility is the driver of various hardware devices. If you are an old user of windows, you must still have an impression. When installing some hardware under Windows XP, because the operating system does not have the driver for Windows XP, or the hardware development does not provide the corresponding version of the driver, we can also try to use the driver for the device under Windows 2000, If you're lucky, you can also use it under Windows XP. However, in 64 bit windows, the situation is quite different. The hardware drivers of 64 bit and 32-bit Windows XP can't be mixed at all. In other words, if the developer of the hardware device you are using hasn't developed a driver for 64 bit Windows XP, either the device can't be used under 64 bit Windows XP, or the general driver of the operating system can be used reluctantly, But performance and functionality will be affected. As for other software programs, there is generally no big problem. In 64 bit Windows XP, only 16 bit applications are completely unavailable, while 32-bit applications can continue to be used. However, when installing these applications, we should also pay attention to that some applications, although not related to the hardware, in order to realize some special functions of the software, will also load drivers into the system when installing the software. This kind of program cannot be used under 64 bit windows before releasing the 64 bit version. For example, snagit, the famous screenshot software, will install a virtual printer to the system when it is installed by default, which can output documents to graphic format. Because the virtual device is installed, the program has not provided the 64 bit version. Therefore, when using the default option to install under 64 bit Windows XP, there will be an error, unless we customize the installation option and do not install the virtual printer. Similarly, almost all the current virtual CD-ROM software and antivirus software can not be used under 64 bit Windows XP. Comparison of 64 bit architecture and 32 bit architecture address space 64 bit Windows 32 bit windows physical memory 128 GB 4 GB virtual memory 16 TB 4 GB page file 512 TB 16 TB page buffer pool 128 GB 470 MB non page buffer pool 128 GB 256 MB system cache 1 TB 1 GB

5. 32 bit system and 64 bit system
the term "32-bit and 64 bit" refers to the storage length of registers in CPU, which is in bit unit. That is to say, 32-bit CPU refers to that the CPU can read (binary) 32-bit instructions and 32-bit data at one time when processing an instruction
so 64 bit CPU will definitely be much faster than 32-bit CPU
a 64 bit CPU can run 32-bit programs, but it must be supported by a 32-bit operating system. In other words, a 64 bit CPU can run either a 32-bit operating system or a 64 bit operating system. The latter can make full use of the performance of the CPU, while a 32-bit CPU can only run 32-bit or 16 bit systems / pre & gt;

6. Generally speaking, 64 bit technology is relative to 32 bits. This bit means that the data width of CPU GPRS (general purpose registers) is 64 bits. The 64 bit instruction set is the instruction that runs 64 bit data, that is, the processor can run 64 bit data at a time. From 32-bit to 64 bit, it seems that the word length of CPU has doubled. In fact, it has doubled the addressing range, maximum memory capacity, data transmission and processing speed, numerical accuracy and other indicators. As a result, the processing capacity of CPU has been greatly improved, especially for those strongly dependent on Numerical operation There is a huge amount of data throughput and the need for large concurrent processing applications, the improvement effect is very obvious, such as scientific computing, artificial intelligence, graphic design, video processing, 3D animation and games, databases and various network servers. At present, the 64 bit technology used by mainstream CPU mainly includes amd 64 bit technology, Intel EM64T technology and Intel IA-64 technology. IA-64 is independently developed by Intel, which is not compatible with 32-bit computer. It is only used for Itanium (Itanium) and subsequent proct Itanium 2. People habitually call it "pure 64 bit technology". Since the launch of 64 bit computing technology in 2004, its proct line has been constantly enriched. At present, the CPU supporting 64 bit technology in AMD includes Athlon 64 series, Athlon FX series and Opteron series. Intel's 64 bit CPUs include Xeon series with nocona core, Pentium 46 series with Prescott 2m core and p4ee series with Prescott 2m core. From the current market performance, "low price and high quality" is obviously the most eye-catching advantage of using 64 bit desktop computer. However, compared with the chain reaction of IT instry caused by the transition of processor from 16 bit to 32 bit 10 years ago, the transition from 32 bit to 64 bit is so bland. Since price is no longer a problem, what are consumers waiting for? Inspiration from 64 for anti spam system people who deal with e-mail every day will have this experience: when dealing with e-mail every day, a large number of spam will always be filtered manually. Even if all the anti spam filtering functions of e-mail client are turned on, it is necessary to sort out some spam that cannot be filtered, Have you calculated how much time it takes you to deal with spam? LV Lianwei, deputy general manager of 35 Internet, a well-known mail system supplier in China, calculated this account to the reporter: if an enterprise has 100 employees and each of them receives 100 spam messages a day, the total number of spam messages received by the enterprise every day is 10000. If the average processing time of an email is 7 seconds, it will take 19.4 hours a day, This will take up all the working hours of the two full-time spam staff, not including the working hours of dealing with the virus spread by e-mail. If the enterprise applies the most perfect 32-bit processing system, will the situation be better? The engineers of 35 Internet laboratory demonstrated the different effects of 32-bit system and 64 bit system in dealing with spam on the spot. The total number of e-mails sent in the whole test process is 26277 (2.05gb in total) for 64 bit servers and 26086 (2.05gb in total) for 32-bit servers. The cache limit of the server processing e-mail queue is 1.9g, Then, through calculation, we can get such a table: time to start delivering mail (a) time to finish processing mail queue (b) time to clear mail queue (c) 64 bits 01:37:18 01:40:47 (takes 3 minutes and 19 seconds) 02:10:00 (takes 29 minutes and 13 seconds) 32 bits 16:49:17 17:21:32 (takes 32 minutes and 15 seconds) 18:58:22 (takes 96 minutes and 50 seconds), The proportion of spam in global e-mail increased from 35% at the end of 2003 to 85% in 2004. According to the report of Radicati group, a well-known network security and spam research organization in the United States, the volume of e-spam in Europe will increase to 71% by 2008, with an annual growth rate of 54%. In order to deal with the rampant spam, will the efficiency oriented enterprises hesitate to upgrade their servers to 64 bit? Of course, the anti spam system may only be an edge application of 64 bit computing technology, but its emergence does let ordinary consumers see the great potential of 64 bit applications. However, it is an instry application that seems to be irrelevant to the consumption level. They may recognize 64 bit enterprise applications. Will enterprise 64 bit applications stimulate terminal consumption? Processor design experts have come to a conclusion that seems to run counter to the market. Expert: 64 bit desktop applications are not in urgent need. Hu Weiwu, head of the "Loongson" research group of the Institute of computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and an expert in the field of chip manufacturing in China, said in an interview that the fundamental reason why 64 bit computing technology can not be popularized is that desktop applications do not rely on 64 bit technology very urgently. He further explained that in China, what we need more is high performance at a certain price, rather than blindly pursuing unnecessary application expansion. Ten years ago, there was a major change in the history of computers - Multimedia Technology aroused people's desire for 32-bit computers. Those who want to make the computer screen bright, make the computer play wonderful music, and make the computer communicate with people find that their dilapidated 16 bit 286 computers can no longer meet the most basic needs, So the instry gestated and staged a 32-bit computer "usurping power" scene. Maybe Bill Gates didn't even think of that scene when he first developed MS-DOS, otherwise he wouldn't think that a computer with 640kb of memory would be enough. Ten years later, people have not fully enjoyed the high performance of 32-bit processor, because 32-bit processor can theoretically support large 4GB of memory, and because 32-bit will bring less latency and higher processor frequency. Professor Hu Weiwu explained: "in fact, it's not desktop applications that promote the application of 64 bit technology at present. It's clear to AMD, which popularizes 64 bit technology, or Intel, which is superior to others. Instry level applications are the place where 64 bit can be used as a sharp weapon." A senior hardware evaluation expert asserts that if 32-bit replaces 16 bit is really applied in driver, then 64 bit replacing 32-bit is more like a manufacturer's hype. Ordinary users will certainly have such questions, experts have so asserted, we still need to hesitate? Why is Windows XP x64 so late? What's Intel doing“ "Wintel alliance" is an easy reason to think of, but it's hard to say what role Intel played in it. Drive can't keep up? Driver is an integral part of any operating system. It takes a long time to optimize and transplant the driver properly. Microsoft's 64 bit Windows XP can run 32-bit and 64 bit applications at the same time, and the driver must be written in native 64 bit. Microsoft pursues perfection? As 64 bit windows has not been available for a long time, Microsoft has seen many customers turn to Linux platform in order to use x86-64 bit technology as soon as possible, which they certainly do not want to see. But it took Microsoft a long time to make sure the new operating system was perfect.