What's the miner's first pass
ancient mining can be traced back to the selection of stone materials in the stone age. Later, with the rise of the metallurgical instry, mining, mineral processing technology has graally developed. This paper introces the ancient Chinese open-pit mining, underground mining, roadway support, rock fragmentation, roadway ventilation, lighting, drainage, transportation, mineral processing and other aspects< There are many surface outcrops, slope deposits or resial deposits in open-pit mining of various metal veins or orebodies, so open-pit mining has become an important mining method in ancient times. Open pit mining can be divided into excavation method and reclamation method
2. Mining is the synonym of accumulated income for activities in bitcoin
mining is brought out by the recent popularity of bitcoin. As a virtual currency, bitcoin can be exchanged for real currency. One of the ways to get bitcoin on the Internet is to participate in related activities every day. These activities, like mining in online games, need to slowly accumulate wealth in exchange for bitcoin.
It's about 37 yuan
let me first introce the reward mechanism of bitcoin system
bitcoin can basically dig out a block every 10 minutes through system settings. The reward for each block is given to the miners who dig out the block. The miner who digs out the block is called the block miner. The block miner will record the legal transactions in the bitcoin network to the blockchain, so that the miner can receive the service charge for bookkeeping
there are two parts in the reward for the block Miner: one part is the reward given by the system, which is called coinbase reward (also known as system issuance reward), the other part is the reward for bookkeeping, which is called miner's fee. The coinbase reward started with 50 bitcoins. For every integral multiple of 210000 blocks, the coinbase reward will be halved. This is what we often hear about bitcoin mining reward halved in four years
at the present stage, the reward of coinbase is 12.5 bitcoins. At the present stage, the average transaction miner fee received by miners for digging out a block is about 0.1 bitcoin (not fixed), that is to say, the average reward received by miners for digging out a block is about 12.6 bitcoin
about 99% of miners' rewards come from the system's coinbase rewards. According to the bitcoin system, one block can be g out every 10 minutes on average. The number of new blocks that can be g out in one day is 144 (60 * 24 / 10 = 144). At present, the number of bitcoins that can be g out every day is 1800btc (144 * 12.5btc = 1800btc). With the miner's fee of about 0.1btc per block, the total reward for all miners in one day is about 1814.4btc
Mining is the use of bitcoin mining machine, which is used to earn bitcoin
one of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server
bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment. The mining machine composed of many graphics cards, even if it's only hd6770, can surpass the single graphics card of most users
and this is not the most terrible. Some mining machines are made up of more such graphics card arrays. When dozens or even hundreds of graphics cards come together, the graphics card itself costs money. Considering the hardware price and other costs, there is a considerable expenditure in mining
bitcoin mining process:
1. To find the ore pool
to start mining, there must be a ore pool with convenient operation and stable output. Its function is to subdivide the data packets for each terminal, and pay the corresponding amount of bitcoin according to the proportion of the data packets calculated by the terminal through precise algorithm
2. Download bitcoin miner (software)
in fact, there are many kinds of this miner, you can go to the official website to download
3. Setting mining software is a green software. After installation, we can set the language first to facilitate further setting. Next, you need to set the server, user name, password, equipment and so on. Generally, the server chooses a better network from BTC guide series, and the user name and password are set by ourselves before
4, bitcoin mining start
when we confirm that all settings are correct, click the "start mining" button to start bitcoin mining, and then the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, you can monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver
It depends on the source of the mine. If it is an "open pit mine", the investment is relatively small. The main investment is the wages of workers and the cost of transportation road construction. If the ore is deeply buried, the investment needs to be larger. In addition, the acquisition of mining license is also a part of the investment, and this is the main part. If there is no mining license, the others are always empty
To sum up, the main investment costs are as follows:1, workers' wages
2, machinery and equipment
3, transportation road construction and maintenance costs
4, mining license fees
5, and other costs
An epidemic upset the situation
on the enterprise side, there are layoffs, salary cuts, job transfers, telecommuting... On the enterprise side, there are rent, housing loans, car loans, credit cards, flowers...
just like the theory of evolution, in the long evolutionary process of nature, the lives that can survive are neither the strongest nor the most intelligent, It's the ones that are most adaptable to the changing environment
I interviewed several people in the workplace, and they always said, "if you have money, why don't you do it?" But at the same time, we are also distressed "I do net red, what to do?"
however, I asked some bosses if they support employees to have sidelines. Two of them are very strict and must be dismissed for engaging in sidelines, because they will not be willing to do the main business
after this epidemic, we will scoff at those bosses who are forbidden to engage in sideline business. They can't pay their wages in full. Are we not allowed to engage in sideline business? Plan B
The hot topic of sideline demand and the rise of "odd jobs economy" have aroused people's deep thinking about the future economy. Now, whether office workers, housewives, ordinary people, stars, white-collar workers or senior executives of the company are also strongly aware that it is necessary to develop a sideline business outside the main business. Choosing procts, services, consulting, speaking, coaching and so on can bring an extra incomein fact, the sideline business is not so simple. A wechat business selling things in the circle of wechat friends has to work hard to fully support itself. There is no doubt about entrepreneurship. In my opinion, there are several ways to plan B
1. Income is not only guaranteed, but also the guarantee coefficient should be concerned. In the face of disaster, everyone is poor. Spiritual and material poverty
in the workplace, eight Cheng has debts but no savings. If you can take seven days off, you can have a good time, but if you have 30 days free, you will feel endless anxiety and worry. However, bank loans and credit card repayments still arrive on time every month. As an office worker, the absolute value of every month's salary is no longer a function of security. Having a plan B can also give yourself more security in the event of force majeure. The two plans increase the security factor
I have a friend who started a business at the end of the year and started a small restaurant. Half a year's rent had just been paid, but before it opened, it caught up with the epidemic. He suffered a great blow to the catering instry. Three days later, the reaction came back. It hit the catering too hard. Isn't it hot? He began to live to do simple cooking, because it was delicious and good-looking, so that many netizens at home, big brush traffic, a reward to fill the rent. In the limelight, he also promoted his business philosophy, and the twists and turns of the shop and the prevention of various pits began to be tiktok. He continued to bring her team with him for several days, opened Xiaohong book, jigsaw live broadcast, and so on, and worked with multiple platforms to expand the influence of his own physical store. p> Therefore, sideline is not an income, but a width of life. To broaden this width, you must first reach a certain height in your own skill field Personal brand is beautiful, but how can it become a household name without hard work
it is the dream of everyone in the workplace to realize passive income and early wealth freedom. Why do you want to be a personal brand? A lot of people also buy on behalf of others, and many people also go to swipe orders. However, there are more than 200 people in the circle of wechat friends. How many copies can they sell
The most direct way to engage in sideline business is to realize one's interests and hobbies. And you also like this sideline from the bottom of your heart. When you focus on it, your personal brand will be built unconsciouslysome people are proficient in photography and help others take photos outside of work, graally forming public praise; Some people do well in writing, and often contribute to the major we media, which not only earn contributions, but also improve their popularity; Some people like to lose weight, become models for some Taobao online stores, and become coaches in some gyms... In this era, we need to actively build personal brand, community operation, circle of friends marketing, release, drainage and promotion of content platform, etc
your popularity is the thickness of your income
all kinds of phenomena show that the most powerful way to distinguish yourself from competitors is to take risks and work hard like starting a business, and to create new opportunities in countless repetitions and boredom. Maybe one day you will find that the colleagues who are working with you tiktok 9 to 5 will use the time of playing games, chasing drama and shaking the voice to do sideline business, and you will not know how many times the monthly income is. p>
4. The goal is to increase income and optimize the income structure.
many people look down on those who brush orders and advertisements. However, what can be looked down upon when making money legally. To earn money out of work is the foundation of your life
however, only for this purpose can only increase the income, and can not change the income structure. Once there is an emergency, it is also in trouble. The main idea is from "after tax income" to "after sleep income"
such as investment income, financial management income, deposit interest income, equity dividend income, etc. This part of income is non working income, that is, income that can be obtained by sleeping, which can be called "income after sleeping"
and the era of knowledge payment is coming, and you can make money by your knowledge. Knowledge mainly depends on content, including writing, photography, music, painting, small video and so on. If you work hard in these aspects, you can also have a certain "after tax income". If we can publish works and obtain right income, it will be more powerful, including music, books, etc. The most difficult thing is to invent and register patents. At the same time, the transfer of patents, including machinery, electronics, communications and so on, has intellectual property rights. As long as you pay a one-time labor to make things, you can permanently charge fees and realize income after many times of sleep
sidelines are like entrepreneurship. Income has its business model
no matter what you do, the best business model now needs three elements: rigid demand, pain point and high frequency the selected sideline should be the just need of modern life as far as possible. If there is a demand, there will be a market. Only by solving the demand can we gain wealth
The conflict between mining companies and small-scale miners began around 1986, 20 years after the government encouraged the regulation of mining exploration. At first, this kind of conflict was between gold mining companies and small-scale gold mine operators. However, since 1998, affected by the Asian financial crisis, this kind of conflict has spread to the business fields of coal mines and tin mines. There is no conflict between commercial diamond exploration and diamond exploration companies
there are conflicts between mining companies and small-scale miners. This is because before the decentralization of power, it was the central government of Jakarta that arranged the lease of the mining area. There has been no communication between the central government, provincial and local governments and local residents. During President Suharto's term of office, the mining companies holding the land use right of the mining area showed their certificates on the spot, but the small-scale mining activities continued... Until the army or police forced the small-scale miners out of the mining area. This has created a lot of hatred between mining companies across Indonesia and small local mining groups. Since Suharto stepped down as president of Indonesia on May 20, 1998, the forced eviction of small-scale mining groups from the company's mining land by force has also stopped. In the past, the typical situation was as follows:
kolini gold mine, located in East Kalimantan, is operated by Rio Tinto Group. The reserves of raw ore are 124 million tons and the average grade of gold is 1.97 g / T. Small scale mining has been the focus of the company since 1976. Since intensive exploration began in 1986, small-scale mining in groups has been encroaching on the company's mining land until it was (repeatedly) expelled by the police. With the depletion of ore reserves in 2004, the company reported that a total of 500 alluvial mining machines are in operation in the company's mining area. Because the company plans to transform the mining area, this situation has aroused people's attention
The masuparia gold project, located in Central Kalimantan, was previously operated by BP in 1987, but was withdrawn in 1988 because of the company's new strategy. In 1988, about 7000 small-scale miners worked near the BP project The Muluo gold deposit in Indonesia is located in the middle of Kalimantan. The total gold reserves are 1138000 ounces. Operated by Aurora gold (Australia). In 1986, there were 15000 illegal miners in the mining area. The miners were forcibly expelled several times by troops and police, and some were put in jail. The problem continued until 1998, when illegal mine owners invaded the company's open pit and forced the company to suspend proction for several weeks. The company negotiated with small mine owners and agreed to allow them to mine in selected open pits on Sunday. The company plans to stop proction and move out of Indonesia by April 2003talawaan gold project is located in the northern part of Sulawesi island and operated by Aurora gold company (Australia). The total reserves are 5.1 million tons and the average grade of gold is 3.6 g / T. Since 1998, the company has been faced with the problem of illegal miners. Although the company thinks that the deposit can be maintained, it still decides to sell the project because there are 3000 small-scale miners in its mining area
The punk gold deposit, located in the west of Java island, has proven and potential reserves of 5398900 tons, with an average grade of 12.1 g / T gold and 130.9 g / T silver. It is run by a state-owned mining company called Aneka. In 1998, the company's buildings were damaged by illegal miners, resulting in a loss of $1.4 million. Although it has been partially solved, the problem is still continuingPt arutmin coal mine, operated by BHP Billiton, is located in southern Kalimantan. The reserves are 2.74 billion tons. Since 1998, the company has been engaged in illegal mining activities in its mining area. In 2000, an estimated 2 million tons of coal were extracted by illegal miners in its contract area. Illegal miners use trucks and excavators to mine in the contract site of the coal mine, and even set up security doors in their operation area. At present, the problem continues
However, since the end of President Suharto's tough armed rule, mining companies have basically not found any effective solution to deal with small-scale mining activities in or near the mining area. Mining companies want to try to tolerate this. Some companies have speeded up the mining process, trying to finish the mining work before the plan. Others have stopped exploration and want to sell their development areas and projects and leave Indonesia permanently. One example is Aurora gold (Australia)