Characteristics of mining in China
Publish: 2021-04-17 02:17:18
1. Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized Ethernet virtual machine to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency eth. At present, the mining of eth is mainly through the graphics card miner. The so-called graphics card miner is actually similar to the home desktop, but each machine has 6-10 graphics cards and no display
as for the mined mines, the trading platforms can be traded on any platform. The most important thing is to see how you trade. Do you want spot trading or futures trading, because the main procts of each platform are different. If you really can't find a platform, you can try the coinplus platform. It provides a variety of transaction types, and can quickly match orders. It's very convenient to buy and sell. The key is that the service charge is still low.
as for the mined mines, the trading platforms can be traded on any platform. The most important thing is to see how you trade. Do you want spot trading or futures trading, because the main procts of each platform are different. If you really can't find a platform, you can try the coinplus platform. It provides a variety of transaction types, and can quickly match orders. It's very convenient to buy and sell. The key is that the service charge is still low.
2. Is to dig coal, sunset instry! No future! Test mining engineering professional look! A lot of people on the Internet are talking nonsense! What mining major has high employment rate, high salary, taking family members, working as mine manager... What is a coal mine? Search the real coal mine on the Internet, there are too many things! I'm a coal miner! You are lucky to have just come back from the mountain today! Let me tell you something about coal mines. The people who do coal mines are called coal miners. In the past, they were all done by criminals or desperate people. Now they are much better and their treatment has been improved, but their social status is still very low! Typing too tired to turn, the following is not complete, but it is true! Have a look
take a look at the major of mining engineering! A lot of people on the Internet are talking nonsense! What mining major has high employment rate, high salary, taking family members, working as mine manager
1 high employment rate: can it not? Who will do most of the work in three years. The class one year later than us was the worst. More than a dozen people came to our bureau. After less than three years, they sacrificed three of them, which was also bad luck. Two of them were vice leaders of the coal mining team. Now this class has withdrawn except one
2 the salary is high, and I have worked to the section level. Except for welfare and hardware, I got more than 80000, but one day in the valley, most of the coal mines were in the mountains, which was boring. Generally speaking, it's the most difficult period to start with a technician. It's not as good as a worker. As long as you need to write something about ty, technology, business and so on, even if it's the work of a technician in Party building, and you have to go down the well to follow the shift at the same time. More than 25 people go down the well a month. Just like ordinary workers, many of them can't stand it. They all run in this period. Generally, more than 5000 people will go down the well a month! But it's a crime you didn't expect when you were in school. It's not only hard work, but also rough management in the coal mine. After all, most of the coal mines are co workers, which can't be managed by ordinary literati. Those who graated from school may not be able to eat in the coal mine. After all, it's not high-tech. Leaders, like bandit leaders, treat their subordinates rudely and scold them casually! Don't think about it if you want dignity. It's the same when I became a section level. Every morning I held an early morning adjustment meeting. It was just a meeting for mine leaders to scold slaves. I couldn't bear to leave
3 with family members, who do you take. Coal mines are all in the ravine, who would like to come with you, who would like to leave their youth there. It's hard work, overtime every day, high safety pressure and harsh environment. I have been on ty for a long time since I became a technician. I'm on ty for my own shift and for the leaders above. I don't even think about it ring holidays. It's like wearing dirty work clothes every day, staying in the underground without the sun, and going home 2 or 3 times a week (my home is in a small town 30 kilometers away from the coal mine), Some of my classmates are in a more remote mine and only go back once a month! What's the picture! I often ask myself why I didn't learn a craft at the beginning, even a hairdresser or a chef! Now we can only deal with black coal, coal miners and migrant workers every day! But besides, I'm lucky. I've got a good daughter-in-law! It's much better than those who are single now and don't want to find a colleague from their hometown! Some of the people who are looking for their daughter-in-law in rural areas are arranged to go to the miner's lamp room, bathhouse and canteen (leaders can directly go to the authorities). It doesn't matter about the work of dry cleaning coal factory. The coal st is big and dirty, which is not what you can think of. Whose daughter-in-law is willing to do the work
4 you don't have to go to the mine. If you study mining, you can't go there. The employment area is too narrow. If you study mechanical and electrical engineering and geological surveying, you can change your profession. Where are you going. Design Institute? The problem is that they don't want so many people! You can't get along well in the coal mine. Do you want to go to the design institute! If I could, I would have gone already! Who's going down the well
5 when the mine manager, dream! There are several mine managers and deputy mine managers in a mine! In a word, the curtain behind the coal mine network is darker than coal! It doesn't matter if you can do it any more, then you're only tired to death! If you work hard, you won't even be advanced
6 it's impossible to be a billionaire. If you want to be a billionaire, the children of senior officials all over China have come to mining. Your father is the mayor. If not the county magistrate, it's possible. But if you have such a father, you will never be allowed to work in a coal mine
7 higher ecation is popular in coal mines. Not necessarily, some of my colleagues have graate students from the year before last, but they don't have any business! It doesn't matter. The immediate supervisor gives him endless work now, and he doesn't say it's good, so he is deliberately punished. In private, this guy won't come. Qinggao, there's no high technology in the coal mine. It's more than enough to have a college student. You see what my workers do. It's different to have an alt college
8 mining is not popular. Take the sword to the side and win by surprise! It's a mistake! Why is it cold? Nobody does it, so it's cold! The country has not considered this instry well, this instry is the most inferior instry, you want to be famous in this instry, silly dream! I'm sorry to say that I'm a coal miner when I go out! And in order to show a little dignity in front of others, the students working in the coal mine and others are all pretending to be big money, pretending to be generous and boasting. Why? There's only a little self-esteem left
9 the safety of large state-owned coal mines. It's better than a small coal mine! Advanced coal mining enterprises in China and even in the world reported on TV! Not the same, there are accidents, and can be seen on TV are big, sporadic on too much! Coal mine has a safety index called "million ton mortality". Do you know what it is? Casualties per million tons of coal. It shows that it is difficult for coal mines to survive
10. Open pit coal mine is better than underground coal mine! Nonsense. Don't talk nonsense if you haven't done it. It's all hard work. The condition of open-pit coal mine is worse. Wind and sun, coal st, st! The employment area is narrower and the working place is more remote. Several open-pit mines in our unit enter 100 people every year and leave 90 people every year. The key: the salary is average, the working environment is poor, he can't find a girlfriend, he can only go home once a month and so on But it doesn't have gas explosion)
coal mine is bitter! Take an examination of grind to change a profession! Don't be like brother, youth left such regret! For family, for children and for a short life.
take a look at the major of mining engineering! A lot of people on the Internet are talking nonsense! What mining major has high employment rate, high salary, taking family members, working as mine manager
1 high employment rate: can it not? Who will do most of the work in three years. The class one year later than us was the worst. More than a dozen people came to our bureau. After less than three years, they sacrificed three of them, which was also bad luck. Two of them were vice leaders of the coal mining team. Now this class has withdrawn except one
2 the salary is high, and I have worked to the section level. Except for welfare and hardware, I got more than 80000, but one day in the valley, most of the coal mines were in the mountains, which was boring. Generally speaking, it's the most difficult period to start with a technician. It's not as good as a worker. As long as you need to write something about ty, technology, business and so on, even if it's the work of a technician in Party building, and you have to go down the well to follow the shift at the same time. More than 25 people go down the well a month. Just like ordinary workers, many of them can't stand it. They all run in this period. Generally, more than 5000 people will go down the well a month! But it's a crime you didn't expect when you were in school. It's not only hard work, but also rough management in the coal mine. After all, most of the coal mines are co workers, which can't be managed by ordinary literati. Those who graated from school may not be able to eat in the coal mine. After all, it's not high-tech. Leaders, like bandit leaders, treat their subordinates rudely and scold them casually! Don't think about it if you want dignity. It's the same when I became a section level. Every morning I held an early morning adjustment meeting. It was just a meeting for mine leaders to scold slaves. I couldn't bear to leave
3 with family members, who do you take. Coal mines are all in the ravine, who would like to come with you, who would like to leave their youth there. It's hard work, overtime every day, high safety pressure and harsh environment. I have been on ty for a long time since I became a technician. I'm on ty for my own shift and for the leaders above. I don't even think about it ring holidays. It's like wearing dirty work clothes every day, staying in the underground without the sun, and going home 2 or 3 times a week (my home is in a small town 30 kilometers away from the coal mine), Some of my classmates are in a more remote mine and only go back once a month! What's the picture! I often ask myself why I didn't learn a craft at the beginning, even a hairdresser or a chef! Now we can only deal with black coal, coal miners and migrant workers every day! But besides, I'm lucky. I've got a good daughter-in-law! It's much better than those who are single now and don't want to find a colleague from their hometown! Some of the people who are looking for their daughter-in-law in rural areas are arranged to go to the miner's lamp room, bathhouse and canteen (leaders can directly go to the authorities). It doesn't matter about the work of dry cleaning coal factory. The coal st is big and dirty, which is not what you can think of. Whose daughter-in-law is willing to do the work
4 you don't have to go to the mine. If you study mining, you can't go there. The employment area is too narrow. If you study mechanical and electrical engineering and geological surveying, you can change your profession. Where are you going. Design Institute? The problem is that they don't want so many people! You can't get along well in the coal mine. Do you want to go to the design institute! If I could, I would have gone already! Who's going down the well
5 when the mine manager, dream! There are several mine managers and deputy mine managers in a mine! In a word, the curtain behind the coal mine network is darker than coal! It doesn't matter if you can do it any more, then you're only tired to death! If you work hard, you won't even be advanced
6 it's impossible to be a billionaire. If you want to be a billionaire, the children of senior officials all over China have come to mining. Your father is the mayor. If not the county magistrate, it's possible. But if you have such a father, you will never be allowed to work in a coal mine
7 higher ecation is popular in coal mines. Not necessarily, some of my colleagues have graate students from the year before last, but they don't have any business! It doesn't matter. The immediate supervisor gives him endless work now, and he doesn't say it's good, so he is deliberately punished. In private, this guy won't come. Qinggao, there's no high technology in the coal mine. It's more than enough to have a college student. You see what my workers do. It's different to have an alt college
8 mining is not popular. Take the sword to the side and win by surprise! It's a mistake! Why is it cold? Nobody does it, so it's cold! The country has not considered this instry well, this instry is the most inferior instry, you want to be famous in this instry, silly dream! I'm sorry to say that I'm a coal miner when I go out! And in order to show a little dignity in front of others, the students working in the coal mine and others are all pretending to be big money, pretending to be generous and boasting. Why? There's only a little self-esteem left
9 the safety of large state-owned coal mines. It's better than a small coal mine! Advanced coal mining enterprises in China and even in the world reported on TV! Not the same, there are accidents, and can be seen on TV are big, sporadic on too much! Coal mine has a safety index called "million ton mortality". Do you know what it is? Casualties per million tons of coal. It shows that it is difficult for coal mines to survive
10. Open pit coal mine is better than underground coal mine! Nonsense. Don't talk nonsense if you haven't done it. It's all hard work. The condition of open-pit coal mine is worse. Wind and sun, coal st, st! The employment area is narrower and the working place is more remote. Several open-pit mines in our unit enter 100 people every year and leave 90 people every year. The key: the salary is average, the working environment is poor, he can't find a girlfriend, he can only go home once a month and so on But it doesn't have gas explosion)
coal mine is bitter! Take an examination of grind to change a profession! Don't be like brother, youth left such regret! For family, for children and for a short life.
3. There's a connection, of course
4. In ancient China, working people found and used stone, pottery, wood and bone ware in agriculture, animal husbandry and handicraft proction. In the long-term proction practice, it is graally recognized that there are copper blocks in nature, so it began to be mined and used
as early as the Neolithic age, people used the "fire attack" method to mine ore. The Neolithic quarry site in Qiaoshan, southwest of Guangzhou is the earliest ancient mining site in China. There are traces of fire on the inner wall of the mine pit of the site. A thick layer of burned phosphorous stones and carbon chips are accumulated on the roadway floor. It shows that as early as 5000 years ago, people already knew how to use the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction to mine ore, which is a miracle in the history of mining in the world
Mining Technology in ancient China reached a high level in Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, a copper mining site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered in the north corner of Mufu mountain, Xiafan Town, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province. The mining methods of copper mine sites include both open-pit mining and underground mining, mainly underground mining. At that time, the miners had been able to extend the mining system to the rich ore zone tens of meters deep, and built a huge underground stope in the deep stratum with the support of wooden frame. In underground mining, the natural wind is formed by the pressure difference caused by the different height of wellhead, which solves the ventilation problem. The mining tools unearthed from the site include bronze axe, Tomahawk and chisel, soil turning tools include wooden shovel and wooden shovel, loading tools include bamboo basket and bamboo stpan, and lifting tools include wooden windlass and wooden hook. It shows that the ancient copper mine has effectively solved a series of technical problems such as safety, ventilation, drainage and lifting, showing the brilliant achievements of China's early mining technology. In addition, a large-scale concentrator has been found in the mining area, and a wooden chute for concentrator has been excavated, which can make use of the difference of movement state of ore particles in the oblique flow for material separation. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, flow pressure, shear force and bar resistance, ore particles are loose and layered, which is one of the gravity beneficiation methods to achieve separation according to specific gravity. The excavation of Tongling ore dressing trough is an important discovery in the history of ore dressing in the world
extended reading - Tonglushan ancient mine site
the existing Tonglushan ancient mine site in Daye, Hubei Province is an ancient mine site in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The most remarkable feature of the mining technology of the site is that the combined mining method of shaft, inclined shaft, blind shaft and drift is used for deep shaft mining. The largest well is more than 60 meters deep, more than 20 meters below the groundwater level. The Ruichang Tongling mining site and the Daye Tonglushan ancient mine site prove that as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China could not only find rich and large mines, but also excavate deep mines, which was extremely advanced at that time.
as early as the Neolithic age, people used the "fire attack" method to mine ore. The Neolithic quarry site in Qiaoshan, southwest of Guangzhou is the earliest ancient mining site in China. There are traces of fire on the inner wall of the mine pit of the site. A thick layer of burned phosphorous stones and carbon chips are accumulated on the roadway floor. It shows that as early as 5000 years ago, people already knew how to use the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction to mine ore, which is a miracle in the history of mining in the world
Mining Technology in ancient China reached a high level in Shang and Zhou dynasties. In 1988, a copper mining site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was discovered in the north corner of Mufu mountain, Xiafan Town, Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province. The mining methods of copper mine sites include both open-pit mining and underground mining, mainly underground mining. At that time, the miners had been able to extend the mining system to the rich ore zone tens of meters deep, and built a huge underground stope in the deep stratum with the support of wooden frame. In underground mining, the natural wind is formed by the pressure difference caused by the different height of wellhead, which solves the ventilation problem. The mining tools unearthed from the site include bronze axe, Tomahawk and chisel, soil turning tools include wooden shovel and wooden shovel, loading tools include bamboo basket and bamboo stpan, and lifting tools include wooden windlass and wooden hook. It shows that the ancient copper mine has effectively solved a series of technical problems such as safety, ventilation, drainage and lifting, showing the brilliant achievements of China's early mining technology. In addition, a large-scale concentrator has been found in the mining area, and a wooden chute for concentrator has been excavated, which can make use of the difference of movement state of ore particles in the oblique flow for material separation. Under the combined action of gravity, friction force, flow pressure, shear force and bar resistance, ore particles are loose and layered, which is one of the gravity beneficiation methods to achieve separation according to specific gravity. The excavation of Tongling ore dressing trough is an important discovery in the history of ore dressing in the world
extended reading - Tonglushan ancient mine site
the existing Tonglushan ancient mine site in Daye, Hubei Province is an ancient mine site in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. The most remarkable feature of the mining technology of the site is that the combined mining method of shaft, inclined shaft, blind shaft and drift is used for deep shaft mining. The largest well is more than 60 meters deep, more than 20 meters below the groundwater level. The Ruichang Tongling mining site and the Daye Tonglushan ancient mine site prove that as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China could not only find rich and large mines, but also excavate deep mines, which was extremely advanced at that time.
5.
Compared with other instries, the proction environment and process of mining have the following characteristics:
(1) the main raw materials for mining and processing are naturally occurring ore bodies. The mine site cannot be selected freely, and the instrial reserves of the deposit cannot be imported or regenerated. The proction capacity, service life and economic benefit of the mine are closely related. Every mine has to go through the process of mine construction, proction, normal proction, proction rection and mine closure
(2) mining equipment and personnel are often transferred with the mining process and processing objects, and there is no fixed processing workshop. The mined ore body must be excavated a series of roadways to prepare for mining. Development, mining and stoping should be coordinated to ensure the normal proction of the mine. Otherwise, it will lead to mining and stripping imbalance or mining imbalance, forcing the mine to rece proction
(3) the general trend of mining work is that the mining conditions are getting worse and worse, the grade of mined ore is graally decreasing, and then the cost may increase. Due to the mixing of rock, the ore will be poor and the quality will be reced, and some of the ore can not be mined and lost underground. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the mining and mineral processing technology and carry out comprehensive utilization to rece the cost. Recing dilution rate and loss rate is an important quality management work in mining proction, which has great economic potential< (4) the occurrence conditions and shape of ore bodies are complex, and the grade distribution is uneven. The instrial reserves may have great changes in the mining process, which makes it difficult to standardize the mining design. In addition, the mining construction period is long, and the infrastructure investment is large, so the investment risk is also large
(5) mining work is in open pit or underground stope. Due to large amount of labor, poor working conditions and poor safety, it is difficult to realize comprehensive mechanization and automation, so special attention should be paid to improving labor protection and environmental conditions
(6) the operation effect of a mine is largely determined by the market supply and demand and value of the mined ore. Therefore, the evaluation of mine management level should not be based on absolute economic benefits just like other instries
6. Open pit mining is the mining method of extracting useful minerals directly from the surface. The mine that uses open pit mining method to mine the deposit is called open pit mine. Open pit mining is a mining method with a long history. In recent decades, with the development of open-pit mining technology and equipment and many outstanding advantages compared with underground mining, open-pit mining at home and abroad has made great progress. According to statistics, about 70% of the ten billion tons of useful minerals extracted from the earth's crust every year in the world are open-pit mining. In China, 85% of iron ore proction comes from open-pit mining, and almost all building materials mines adopt open-pit mining. According to different mining methods, open pit mining includes manual mining, hydraulic mining, mechanical mining and dredger mining. Its characteristics are as follows:
(1) artificial mining mainly relies on manpower to drill, load and cart
(2) hydraulic mining is a method of using water gun to shoot high-pressure water to wash the mining stone and use hydraulic flushing to transport it. This method is mostly used for mining soft placer deposits
(3) mechanical mining is to use certain mining and transportation equipment to engage in mining operation in open space, and transport ore and rock out through open ditch or underground roadway
(4) dredger mining is the use of dredger to mine sand deposits in the river.
(1) artificial mining mainly relies on manpower to drill, load and cart
(2) hydraulic mining is a method of using water gun to shoot high-pressure water to wash the mining stone and use hydraulic flushing to transport it. This method is mostly used for mining soft placer deposits
(3) mechanical mining is to use certain mining and transportation equipment to engage in mining operation in open space, and transport ore and rock out through open ditch or underground roadway
(4) dredger mining is the use of dredger to mine sand deposits in the river.
7. Mining
ore mining
technology and science of mining mineral resources from the crust or surface. Generally speaking, it refers to the exploitation of metal or nonmetal deposits. In a broad sense, mining also includes the exploitation and beneficiation of coal and oil. Its essence is a process of selective collection and transportation of materials. Mining instry is an important raw material mining instry. For example, metal ore is the main raw material of metallurgical instry, non-metal ore is chemical raw material and building material, and coal and petroleum are important energy sources. Most ores need to be concentrated before they can be used as instrial raw materials
the basis of mining science and technology is the theory of rock fragmentation, loose material migration, fluid transportation, mine rock mechanics and mining system engineering. We need to use the latest achievements of mathematics, physics, mechanics, chemistry, geology, systems science, computer science and other disciplines. On the basis of high mechanization, the mining instry will further improve its proction capacity and equipment utilization rate by improving the design, modeling, material, manufacturing process, inspection method and maintenance system of fully mechanized mining equipment. At the same time, the mine will realize automation and remote control in many links, such as lifting, transportation, drainage, ventilation, gas monitoring and so on. Both underground and open-pit mines will realize computer centralized automatic management and monitoring. In some countries, the robot has been used in the underground working face to mine the mine which has great damage to personnel. On the other hand, with the continuous mining of underground minerals, the mining grade is from high to low, and the resources are in short supply. It is forced to use low-grade minerals, select appropriate mining and beneficiation methods, carry out comprehensive mining, beneficiation and comprehensive utilization, improve the utilization rate and recovery rate of mineral resources, and rece the loss rate and dilution rate of ores. Toxic gases, waste water, waste rock, st and other substances generated in the process of mining and mineral processing, as well as noise and vibration, cause harm to the environment, land, atmosphere and water quality. The long-term utilization of resources is further put forward in the research of environmental protection, especially focusing on the reuse of waste resie, waste rock and waste liquid, and the reuse of damaged land. To formulate strong laws and take effective measures to ensure mine environment
in brief history, primitive human beings have been able to collect stones, grind them into proction tools, and collect clay for pottery making, which is the earliest germination of mining. Mining in ancient China has a long history. Unearthed from the ancient copper mine site in Tonglushan, Daye, Hubei Province, are various proction tools made of copper, iron, wood, bamboo, stone, pottery, copper ingot, copper weapons, etc., which are used for mining, loading, lifting, drainage, lighting, etc., and prove that the combined development of shaft, inclined shaft and drift has been used in the spring and Autumn period, and the underground mining system has initially formed. By the Western Han Dynasty, the mining system had been quite perfect. At this time in Hebei, Shandong, Hubei and other places of iron, copper, coal, placer gold and other mines have begun mining. At the end of the Warring States period, Li Bing, the governor of the state of Qin and Shu, g salt wells in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. Before Ming Dynasty, iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold, mercury and zinc were mainly proced. At the beginning of the 17th century, Europeans used the black powder imported from China for mining, and replaced manual mining with rock drilling and blasting, which was a milestone in the development of mining technology. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, mining explosives, detonators, detonating cords and rock drilling equipment were successively invented, forming modern blasting technology; The use of electric mechanical shovel, electric locomotive and electric lifting, communication, drainage and other equipment has formed modern shipping technology. Since the first half of the 20th century, mining technology has developed rapidly, with the emergence of ammonium nitrate explosive, the use of underground deep hole blasting technology, the continuous improvement and large-scale of various mining equipment, and graally formed mechanized mining technology suitable for different deposit conditions. The scientific methods of mine design, deposit evaluation and mine plan management are put forward to make mining develop from technology to engineering science. After the 1950s, e to the use of down the hole drill, cone drill, self drilling jumbo and other new equipment, mining equipment to achieve large-scale, transportation and lifting equipment automation, the emergence of unmanned locomotives. Computer technology is used in mine proction management, planning and design and scientific calculation. System science is used to study mining problems, and system mining engineering is born. Mine proction began to establish automatic control system, using modern test equipment, testing technology and electronic computers to predict and solve some practical problems. Therefore, the subject of mining engineering has been formally proposed and recognized< Compared with other instries, the proction environment and process of mining have the following characteristics: (1) the main raw materials for mining and processing are naturally occurring ore bodies. The mine site cannot be selected freely, and the instrial reserves of the deposit cannot be imported or regenerated. The proction capacity, service life and economic benefit of the mine are closely related. Every mine has to go through the process of mine construction, proction, normal proction, proction rection and mine closure. ② Mining equipment and personnel are often transferred with the mining process and processing objects, and there is no fixed processing workshop. The mined ore body must be excavated a series of roadways to prepare for mining. Development, mining and stoping should be coordinated to ensure the normal proction of the mine. Otherwise, it will lead to mining and stripping imbalance or mining imbalance, forcing the mine to rece proction. ③ The general trend of mining work is that the mining conditions are getting worse and worse, the grade of mined ore is graally decreasing, and then the cost may increase. Due to the mixing of rock, the ore will be poor and the quality will be reced, and some of the ore can not be mined and lost underground. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the mining and mineral processing technology and carry out comprehensive utilization to rece the cost. Recing dilution rate and loss rate is an important quality management work in mining proction, which has great economic potential. ④ The occurrence condition and shape of ore body are complex, and the grade distribution is uneven. The instrial reserves may have great changes in the mining process, which makes it difficult to standardize the mining design. In addition, the mining construction period is long, and the infrastructure investment is large, so the investment risk is also large. ⑤ The mining work is in open pit or underground stope. Due to large amount of labor, poor working conditions and poor safety, it is difficult to realize comprehensive mechanization and automation, so special attention should be paid to improving labor protection and environmental conditions. ⑥ The management effect of a mine is largely determined by the market supply and demand and value of the mined ore. Therefore, the evaluation of mine management level should not be based on absolute economic benefits just like other instries
mining methods can be roughly divided into open pit mining, underground mining and liquid mining. ① Open pit mining. That is to say, under the open-pit condition, the shallow buried ore is mined from the pit open-pit mine, hillside open-pit mine or stripping open-pit mine. This involves digging a series of trenches in sequence. Sand dredger mining is also a kind of stripping open-pit mine, which excavates from flat bottomed boats. ② Underground mining. It is to use natural support, artificial support and caving mining methods to mine the deep buried ore underground. ③ Liquid mining. It is also called special mining method. It is to extract useful substances from natural brine, lake, ocean or groundwater; The useful minerals are dissolved (or melted by hot water), and then the solution is pumped to the ground for extraction; To drive minerals from one well to another by hot water, gas or combustion. Most liquid mining is carried out by drilling
for a specific deposit, according to the geological conditions and rock mechanics data, a reasonable mining method is selected. It is ideal that the selected mining method can achieve the maximum economic benefits under the requirements of proction safety and proper extraction of useful minerals. If the mining method is not selected properly, it will affect the technical index and economic benefit of mine proction for a long time.
ore mining
technology and science of mining mineral resources from the crust or surface. Generally speaking, it refers to the exploitation of metal or nonmetal deposits. In a broad sense, mining also includes the exploitation and beneficiation of coal and oil. Its essence is a process of selective collection and transportation of materials. Mining instry is an important raw material mining instry. For example, metal ore is the main raw material of metallurgical instry, non-metal ore is chemical raw material and building material, and coal and petroleum are important energy sources. Most ores need to be concentrated before they can be used as instrial raw materials
the basis of mining science and technology is the theory of rock fragmentation, loose material migration, fluid transportation, mine rock mechanics and mining system engineering. We need to use the latest achievements of mathematics, physics, mechanics, chemistry, geology, systems science, computer science and other disciplines. On the basis of high mechanization, the mining instry will further improve its proction capacity and equipment utilization rate by improving the design, modeling, material, manufacturing process, inspection method and maintenance system of fully mechanized mining equipment. At the same time, the mine will realize automation and remote control in many links, such as lifting, transportation, drainage, ventilation, gas monitoring and so on. Both underground and open-pit mines will realize computer centralized automatic management and monitoring. In some countries, the robot has been used in the underground working face to mine the mine which has great damage to personnel. On the other hand, with the continuous mining of underground minerals, the mining grade is from high to low, and the resources are in short supply. It is forced to use low-grade minerals, select appropriate mining and beneficiation methods, carry out comprehensive mining, beneficiation and comprehensive utilization, improve the utilization rate and recovery rate of mineral resources, and rece the loss rate and dilution rate of ores. Toxic gases, waste water, waste rock, st and other substances generated in the process of mining and mineral processing, as well as noise and vibration, cause harm to the environment, land, atmosphere and water quality. The long-term utilization of resources is further put forward in the research of environmental protection, especially focusing on the reuse of waste resie, waste rock and waste liquid, and the reuse of damaged land. To formulate strong laws and take effective measures to ensure mine environment
in brief history, primitive human beings have been able to collect stones, grind them into proction tools, and collect clay for pottery making, which is the earliest germination of mining. Mining in ancient China has a long history. Unearthed from the ancient copper mine site in Tonglushan, Daye, Hubei Province, are various proction tools made of copper, iron, wood, bamboo, stone, pottery, copper ingot, copper weapons, etc., which are used for mining, loading, lifting, drainage, lighting, etc., and prove that the combined development of shaft, inclined shaft and drift has been used in the spring and Autumn period, and the underground mining system has initially formed. By the Western Han Dynasty, the mining system had been quite perfect. At this time in Hebei, Shandong, Hubei and other places of iron, copper, coal, placer gold and other mines have begun mining. At the end of the Warring States period, Li Bing, the governor of the state of Qin and Shu, g salt wells in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. Before Ming Dynasty, iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold, mercury and zinc were mainly proced. At the beginning of the 17th century, Europeans used the black powder imported from China for mining, and replaced manual mining with rock drilling and blasting, which was a milestone in the development of mining technology. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, mining explosives, detonators, detonating cords and rock drilling equipment were successively invented, forming modern blasting technology; The use of electric mechanical shovel, electric locomotive and electric lifting, communication, drainage and other equipment has formed modern shipping technology. Since the first half of the 20th century, mining technology has developed rapidly, with the emergence of ammonium nitrate explosive, the use of underground deep hole blasting technology, the continuous improvement and large-scale of various mining equipment, and graally formed mechanized mining technology suitable for different deposit conditions. The scientific methods of mine design, deposit evaluation and mine plan management are put forward to make mining develop from technology to engineering science. After the 1950s, e to the use of down the hole drill, cone drill, self drilling jumbo and other new equipment, mining equipment to achieve large-scale, transportation and lifting equipment automation, the emergence of unmanned locomotives. Computer technology is used in mine proction management, planning and design and scientific calculation. System science is used to study mining problems, and system mining engineering is born. Mine proction began to establish automatic control system, using modern test equipment, testing technology and electronic computers to predict and solve some practical problems. Therefore, the subject of mining engineering has been formally proposed and recognized< Compared with other instries, the proction environment and process of mining have the following characteristics: (1) the main raw materials for mining and processing are naturally occurring ore bodies. The mine site cannot be selected freely, and the instrial reserves of the deposit cannot be imported or regenerated. The proction capacity, service life and economic benefit of the mine are closely related. Every mine has to go through the process of mine construction, proction, normal proction, proction rection and mine closure. ② Mining equipment and personnel are often transferred with the mining process and processing objects, and there is no fixed processing workshop. The mined ore body must be excavated a series of roadways to prepare for mining. Development, mining and stoping should be coordinated to ensure the normal proction of the mine. Otherwise, it will lead to mining and stripping imbalance or mining imbalance, forcing the mine to rece proction. ③ The general trend of mining work is that the mining conditions are getting worse and worse, the grade of mined ore is graally decreasing, and then the cost may increase. Due to the mixing of rock, the ore will be poor and the quality will be reced, and some of the ore can not be mined and lost underground. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the mining and mineral processing technology and carry out comprehensive utilization to rece the cost. Recing dilution rate and loss rate is an important quality management work in mining proction, which has great economic potential. ④ The occurrence condition and shape of ore body are complex, and the grade distribution is uneven. The instrial reserves may have great changes in the mining process, which makes it difficult to standardize the mining design. In addition, the mining construction period is long, and the infrastructure investment is large, so the investment risk is also large. ⑤ The mining work is in open pit or underground stope. Due to large amount of labor, poor working conditions and poor safety, it is difficult to realize comprehensive mechanization and automation, so special attention should be paid to improving labor protection and environmental conditions. ⑥ The management effect of a mine is largely determined by the market supply and demand and value of the mined ore. Therefore, the evaluation of mine management level should not be based on absolute economic benefits just like other instries
mining methods can be roughly divided into open pit mining, underground mining and liquid mining. ① Open pit mining. That is to say, under the open-pit condition, the shallow buried ore is mined from the pit open-pit mine, hillside open-pit mine or stripping open-pit mine. This involves digging a series of trenches in sequence. Sand dredger mining is also a kind of stripping open-pit mine, which excavates from flat bottomed boats. ② Underground mining. It is to use natural support, artificial support and caving mining methods to mine the deep buried ore underground. ③ Liquid mining. It is also called special mining method. It is to extract useful substances from natural brine, lake, ocean or groundwater; The useful minerals are dissolved (or melted by hot water), and then the solution is pumped to the ground for extraction; To drive minerals from one well to another by hot water, gas or combustion. Most liquid mining is carried out by drilling
for a specific deposit, according to the geological conditions and rock mechanics data, a reasonable mining method is selected. It is ideal that the selected mining method can achieve the maximum economic benefits under the requirements of proction safety and proper extraction of useful minerals. If the mining method is not selected properly, it will affect the technical index and economic benefit of mine proction for a long time.
8. There is no answer to this question
mining engineering is a large system
there are a number of big and small questions in it, and each question has a number
do you want to ask mining method?
mining engineering is a large system
there are a number of big and small questions in it, and each question has a number
do you want to ask mining method?
9. Ore is the raw material of jewelry, forging, engineering, etc.
it is the most widely used major in the collection (other peeling and medicine collecting), and the demand is also the largest, but there are also many people who study it
at present, people are pressing each other's prices, which can no longer proce any economic benefits, but at least it is a no cost business, so we recommend the trumpet as the first choice, Unlike other manufacturing majors, which earn money by the price difference between raw materials and finished procts, the price of such manufacturing majors is generally unstable, and there may be opportunities to earn more money (if you sell what others can do without auction), or if you have rare drawings, you can earn more money when you meet a big boss. Generally speaking, the income of raw material collection is stable, the market price is stable, it is pure labor income, and there is the possibility of unsalable. It is suitable for non unscrupulous businessmen and people who live in peace and security to earn a small sum of money. Novices recommend this
the additional advantage is that full level mining can increase the life limit by 300.
it is the most widely used major in the collection (other peeling and medicine collecting), and the demand is also the largest, but there are also many people who study it
at present, people are pressing each other's prices, which can no longer proce any economic benefits, but at least it is a no cost business, so we recommend the trumpet as the first choice, Unlike other manufacturing majors, which earn money by the price difference between raw materials and finished procts, the price of such manufacturing majors is generally unstable, and there may be opportunities to earn more money (if you sell what others can do without auction), or if you have rare drawings, you can earn more money when you meet a big boss. Generally speaking, the income of raw material collection is stable, the market price is stable, it is pure labor income, and there is the possibility of unsalable. It is suitable for non unscrupulous businessmen and people who live in peace and security to earn a small sum of money. Novices recommend this
the additional advantage is that full level mining can increase the life limit by 300.
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