Management of site engineering and mining books
Publish: 2021-04-18 21:18:03
1. Brother, you are in the water bar...
it's no use drinking water here, thank you. In addition, you will report if you are drinking water again...
if you are really asking a question, please describe your question clearly. Thank you
please adopt or delete the problem. Thank you. If you understand the wrong question, you can ask me from the wheat block or ask me
it's no use drinking water here, thank you. In addition, you will report if you are drinking water again...
if you are really asking a question, please describe your question clearly. Thank you
please adopt or delete the problem. Thank you. If you understand the wrong question, you can ask me from the wheat block or ask me
2. As "yuan Datou" is graally recognized by the collection market, many counterfeiters forge or imitate "yuan Datou" in pursuit of interests, and many collectors become "yuan Datou" carelessly for the sake of "yuan Datou". Yao shuomin, former deputy curator of China Numismatic Museum and Deputy Secretary General of China Numismatic Society, provided us with some skills to identify the authenticity of "yuan Datou":
the first method is to "knock", take two pieces of silver coins, hold the center of one silver coin with the fingertips of both hands, and slowly draw close to each other. When the two silver coins overlap about a quarter of the position, the first method is to "knock", It makes two silver coins gently knock on each other's edge. The sound of the real coin is clear, and the sound of the fake coin sounds wooden
the second method is to "blow". Hold the center of the silver dollar gently with your index finger and thumb, blow the vertical edge of the silver dollar, and quickly put it to your ear to listen. The tail sound of the silver coin with good quality is long and clear, while other metal or non pure silver coins will not have such a tail sound. For example, the silver coin with lead in the market is almost silent, because the lead is heavier and softer, It's not easy to shake the pronunciation. Nowadays, most forgers use computer plate making and use alloy materials to pass off silver. The color and text of the forger can be confused with the real. But in the end, because it is not silver, its pronunciation is sharp and long, and experts can tell the truth as soon as they distinguish it
the third method is "weighing". The real coin is generally full weight, and its circulation loss is about 26G. Its color is soft and white, its tone is soft and long, its text and picture are accurate, and its pulp is natural; Counterfeit coins are generally not heavy enough, or overweight e to thickening, and the color is gray
Wang Jianzhong, a collector who is keen on collecting silver coins, also told reporters that his good way to identify the authenticity of silver coins is to wipe the silver coins on a touchstone several times until there are silver scratches, and then drop hydrochloric acid and nitric acid on the scratches. At this time, if it is a real coin, the mixed liquid on the scratch is milky white, and the counterfeit coin is colorless and transparent. If the silver content of silver coin is not enough, the mixed liquid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid also appears milky white, but not rich enough. The less the silver content, the lower the richness.
Yinyuan, also known as "Yinyuan", was originally imported from abroad. Because of its uniform shape and convenient use, it is generally welcomed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the folk began to imitate, and when the local government saw that it was profitable, it took part in the unified official casting. In 1910, the Qing government issued the monetary system regulations, established the silver yuan as the national currency, stopped the free casting in various places, and took the right of coinage back to the central government. The next year, the "Qing silver coin" was coined, which created the currency circulation system with silver yuan as the unit in modern China. Silver yuan is favored by the public and collectors for its beautiful casting form and unique precious metal currency form. However, the current market is full of counterfeits, which are mainly manifested in two categories: one is the so-called "mechanism version fine imitation silver coin" with low or even zero silver content, and the other is the so-called "pure silver high imitation silver coin" with high silver content. With the continuous improvement of casting methods and the application of computer scanning technology, some of them have reached the point of confusing the true with the false. In the collection practice, the author learns from other people's experience and his own lessons, and sums up several methods to distinguish the false, which can be taught by the same good and expert< First, listening quality. The sound of the silver yuan, which contains about 90% silver, is low, soft and melodious; Counterfeits are either crisp and harsh, or ll and ll. The common feature is the short aftertone. When striking and comparing, the less the contact surface between the two fingers, the better, to ensure the effect of natural vibration. It is said that in the old days, some bank owners were lying on their chairs with their eyes closed and asked the staff to bump the silver dollars one by one into the edge of the big water tank, listening to the sound to distinguish the true from the false< Weigh the weight, thickness and diameter. These two identification methods need the help of weighing tools such as balance, scale and vernier caliper. Silver in the long-term circulation will wear and tear consumption, generally speaking, can not reach the theoretical weight, but it is not "short weight", if the Kuping Qiqian two-part edition is less than 26 grams, there is doubt. The author once bought a pair of Guangxu Yuanbao and Xuantong Yuanbao made in Hubei Province, weighing 25 grams. The result of identification confirmed that the question was correct. The standard flat code of silver coin is: Ku Ping 1 / 2 = 37.31g, Ku Ping 7 / 2 = 26.81g, Ku Ping 3 / 6 = 13.41g, Ku Ping 1 / 4 = 5.37g, Ku Ping 7 / 2 = 2.69g, Ku Ping 3 / 6 = 1.34g. The weight, thickness and diameter of silver dollar are allowed to have errors, but if there are two extremes, nine out of ten there are problems< 3. Check the edge teeth. The side teeth of the silver coin mechanism are fine, symmetrical and regular. The side teeth of the counterfeit coin are rough and uneven, and some of them have traces of local filing. As long as careful, the naked eye is still relatively easy to distinguish. Some foreign silver coins circulated in the early stage of our country, such as "Hercules of France", whose side teeth are the foreign letters with equal spacing, so we should be familiar with and master the shape of side teeth of various currencies< 4. Look at the color. Silver and non silver metals can be distinguished from each other by their surface colors. Silver has a natural and pleasant luster, which is difficult to be achieved by cheap metals. The so-called "coated slurry" of fresh water ink color will be formed on the surface of silver coins that have been stored for a long time, but it is not as heavy as ancient coins. Once wiped, it will be as old as new. The chemical molecular structure of silver is very stable and will not change color. In addition, the fake silver plating can also be identified by wiping, and the camouflage coat can be stripped by repeatedly wiping with sand rubber< 5. Coin viewing. In the sun or light, the silver coin face and the eye, observe the bottom of the coin face is uneven phenomenon. The foundry equipment used by counterfeiters is difficult to make the bottom layer of the coin as flat as a mirror. Special attention should be paid to the connection between the text pattern and the bottom layer of the coin< 6. Check the wear. After a long time of circulation, silver will always have different degrees of wear and scratch marks. The natural procers have no rules to follow. The worn-out counterfeits show the regular wear surface and scratch marks of artificial behavior and machine behavior. Some people say that the best way to make old coins is to make old coins on molds, that is, to make worn surfaces, scratches and potholes on molds. The way to deal with it is to hold a number of silver coins of the same kind and examine them one by one under a low-power magnifying glass, and "Li Gui" will show its true shape< 7. To the atlas. Keep several kinds of well printed silver dollar catalogues on hand as far as possible, and carefully compare the real objects with them. Look at the frame position of the text pattern in the large part, the stroke processing of the text and the details of the pattern in the small part, and look for the flaws
all collectors of silver coins have their own identification methods, and they have something in common
nowadays, collecting all kinds of coins and antiques has become a trend. As far as the silver coins of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are concerned, there are treasures ranging from several hundred thousand yuan to several yuan worth of silver coins. There are all kinds of counterfeit coins, and the materials used are also different, which makes people unable to guard against them. The following is a list of the differences between real silver coins and several kinds of fake silver coins for reference
the real silver coin is transparent in white, soft and malleable, with clear and pleasant sound when struck, smooth layout, symmetrical edges, natural and generous pictures and pictures, and traces of circulation wear. The silver coins stored at home are hard and fine in ancient black, and those buried underground will have some irregular hard green rust. Fake black and green rust will fade away when they are soaked in boiling water, which is easy to distinguish
at the end of 1970s, the Mn Ni alloy counterfeit silver coins cast in Guangdong, Guangdong, Fujian and Hunan mountainous areas were almost all over the country. The coins were rough in workmanship, with many sand holes, containing particles, uneven thickness, light in weight, and easy to turn black for a long time. However, they could not be painted black on the lime wall, so they were the only counterfeit silver coins that would be broken. By the early 1980s, the technology of copper nickel alloy cadmium plating counterfeit coins had made some progress. There were two kinds of counterfeit coins: the picture and text were fuzzy and the three-dimensional sense was too strong. The edge teeth were basically symmetrical but unnatural, there were traces of files, there was no wear and old color coating, the sound was sharp, and the light yellow appeared after the surface was electroplated and ground off, But there are still some county stalls selling them as real silver coins
the third kind of counterfeit silver coin appeared 10 years ago. It is made of nickel zinc alloy. Its color is black and bright, and it emits lead black light. It can draw black lines repeatedly on the lime wall, and its sound is also sharp and high. It is slightly more ll than that of copper nickel alloy. Its workmanship is more realistic on one side. Although the edge of the teeth is symmetrical, it is relatively stiff. The naked eye can also see some sand holes, spots and traces of file processing, At present, this coin can still be seen in the provincial capital coin stand<
recently, there is another well-made counterfeit nickel cadmium vanadium alloy coin on the market, which has smooth layout, a little white color, a little luster, sharp sound, hard quality, a little light, too strong three-dimensional sense, less verve and file marks
the counterfeit coins pressed with real silver are the most difficult to identify. They are proced in Guangdong and Hunan in recent years. The silver quality is excellent, the color is white, and the weight is basically the same, about 26-27g. Due to insufficient pressure, the side teeth are fuzzy, the side teeth are even but unnatural, and the pictures and texts are relatively clear, but there are also some sand holes. When viewed with a magnifying glass, the patterns and characters are realistic, But the blank space layout is not very smooth, no traces of natural circulation wear and ancient color coating
another kind of common silver coin that changes and adds characters often makes some veteran forget themselves for a while, that is, common Yuan Xiang coin plus English signature version; Add "Gansu" and "Soviet" in daruijin; Sun Xiang's founding commemorative coins, such as six pointed star changed to five pointed star, English and digital misprint coins, etc. As a matter of fact, there are graphic differences between the above two editions of silver coins. The restructuring method is to first remove the surplus, then weld on some silver, and then engrave. The handwriting is a little less verve, with knife marks, and will damage the surrounding layout. After washing, it is easy to find the flaws of knife marks by painting watercolor green
there are three kinds of counterfeit coins in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China: first, some commemorative coins, such as Cixi, were coined out of thin air by silversmiths. The second is the counterfeit coins made later by coin workers in the late Qing Dynasty, in which a few of the coins cast in the original mould still have some value. As for the re carved and pressed coins, although they are all made of pure silver, the situation is different. After a long period of circulation, this coin has wear marks and old color paste. It can't be identified from the material and old and new aspects, so it's easy to muddle through. We can only work hard from the design and text. The third is the common silver plated copper coin in the period of the Republic of China. In the movies, it is common for businessmen to hold the silver coin with their fingertips and blow it fiercely, that is, to listen to the sound in their ears to distinguish the true from the false. Now a thin layer of silver plated copper coin has faded, revealing the basic excellent brass and red copper coins. The knock and wear are serious, which often leads to people mistaking it as a few silver mold copper samples<
the main features of several common counterfeit silver coins are introced as follows:
copperplate silver coins: its shape, size and pattern are completely similar to real silver coins, but it is mainly made of copper with rough pattern. When it is ground on a stone, the essence of copper appears, and the sound of knocking is sharp and bright with whistle
silver coin with lead: silver coin with lead inside and silver outside. Its pattern is the same as the normal silver dollar, but the sound is thick, ll, gloomy and with a click sound. When it is roasted by fire, lead will flow out
silver coin: its outer layer
the first method is to "knock", take two pieces of silver coins, hold the center of one silver coin with the fingertips of both hands, and slowly draw close to each other. When the two silver coins overlap about a quarter of the position, the first method is to "knock", It makes two silver coins gently knock on each other's edge. The sound of the real coin is clear, and the sound of the fake coin sounds wooden
the second method is to "blow". Hold the center of the silver dollar gently with your index finger and thumb, blow the vertical edge of the silver dollar, and quickly put it to your ear to listen. The tail sound of the silver coin with good quality is long and clear, while other metal or non pure silver coins will not have such a tail sound. For example, the silver coin with lead in the market is almost silent, because the lead is heavier and softer, It's not easy to shake the pronunciation. Nowadays, most forgers use computer plate making and use alloy materials to pass off silver. The color and text of the forger can be confused with the real. But in the end, because it is not silver, its pronunciation is sharp and long, and experts can tell the truth as soon as they distinguish it
the third method is "weighing". The real coin is generally full weight, and its circulation loss is about 26G. Its color is soft and white, its tone is soft and long, its text and picture are accurate, and its pulp is natural; Counterfeit coins are generally not heavy enough, or overweight e to thickening, and the color is gray
Wang Jianzhong, a collector who is keen on collecting silver coins, also told reporters that his good way to identify the authenticity of silver coins is to wipe the silver coins on a touchstone several times until there are silver scratches, and then drop hydrochloric acid and nitric acid on the scratches. At this time, if it is a real coin, the mixed liquid on the scratch is milky white, and the counterfeit coin is colorless and transparent. If the silver content of silver coin is not enough, the mixed liquid of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid also appears milky white, but not rich enough. The less the silver content, the lower the richness.
Yinyuan, also known as "Yinyuan", was originally imported from abroad. Because of its uniform shape and convenient use, it is generally welcomed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the folk began to imitate, and when the local government saw that it was profitable, it took part in the unified official casting. In 1910, the Qing government issued the monetary system regulations, established the silver yuan as the national currency, stopped the free casting in various places, and took the right of coinage back to the central government. The next year, the "Qing silver coin" was coined, which created the currency circulation system with silver yuan as the unit in modern China. Silver yuan is favored by the public and collectors for its beautiful casting form and unique precious metal currency form. However, the current market is full of counterfeits, which are mainly manifested in two categories: one is the so-called "mechanism version fine imitation silver coin" with low or even zero silver content, and the other is the so-called "pure silver high imitation silver coin" with high silver content. With the continuous improvement of casting methods and the application of computer scanning technology, some of them have reached the point of confusing the true with the false. In the collection practice, the author learns from other people's experience and his own lessons, and sums up several methods to distinguish the false, which can be taught by the same good and expert< First, listening quality. The sound of the silver yuan, which contains about 90% silver, is low, soft and melodious; Counterfeits are either crisp and harsh, or ll and ll. The common feature is the short aftertone. When striking and comparing, the less the contact surface between the two fingers, the better, to ensure the effect of natural vibration. It is said that in the old days, some bank owners were lying on their chairs with their eyes closed and asked the staff to bump the silver dollars one by one into the edge of the big water tank, listening to the sound to distinguish the true from the false< Weigh the weight, thickness and diameter. These two identification methods need the help of weighing tools such as balance, scale and vernier caliper. Silver in the long-term circulation will wear and tear consumption, generally speaking, can not reach the theoretical weight, but it is not "short weight", if the Kuping Qiqian two-part edition is less than 26 grams, there is doubt. The author once bought a pair of Guangxu Yuanbao and Xuantong Yuanbao made in Hubei Province, weighing 25 grams. The result of identification confirmed that the question was correct. The standard flat code of silver coin is: Ku Ping 1 / 2 = 37.31g, Ku Ping 7 / 2 = 26.81g, Ku Ping 3 / 6 = 13.41g, Ku Ping 1 / 4 = 5.37g, Ku Ping 7 / 2 = 2.69g, Ku Ping 3 / 6 = 1.34g. The weight, thickness and diameter of silver dollar are allowed to have errors, but if there are two extremes, nine out of ten there are problems< 3. Check the edge teeth. The side teeth of the silver coin mechanism are fine, symmetrical and regular. The side teeth of the counterfeit coin are rough and uneven, and some of them have traces of local filing. As long as careful, the naked eye is still relatively easy to distinguish. Some foreign silver coins circulated in the early stage of our country, such as "Hercules of France", whose side teeth are the foreign letters with equal spacing, so we should be familiar with and master the shape of side teeth of various currencies< 4. Look at the color. Silver and non silver metals can be distinguished from each other by their surface colors. Silver has a natural and pleasant luster, which is difficult to be achieved by cheap metals. The so-called "coated slurry" of fresh water ink color will be formed on the surface of silver coins that have been stored for a long time, but it is not as heavy as ancient coins. Once wiped, it will be as old as new. The chemical molecular structure of silver is very stable and will not change color. In addition, the fake silver plating can also be identified by wiping, and the camouflage coat can be stripped by repeatedly wiping with sand rubber< 5. Coin viewing. In the sun or light, the silver coin face and the eye, observe the bottom of the coin face is uneven phenomenon. The foundry equipment used by counterfeiters is difficult to make the bottom layer of the coin as flat as a mirror. Special attention should be paid to the connection between the text pattern and the bottom layer of the coin< 6. Check the wear. After a long time of circulation, silver will always have different degrees of wear and scratch marks. The natural procers have no rules to follow. The worn-out counterfeits show the regular wear surface and scratch marks of artificial behavior and machine behavior. Some people say that the best way to make old coins is to make old coins on molds, that is, to make worn surfaces, scratches and potholes on molds. The way to deal with it is to hold a number of silver coins of the same kind and examine them one by one under a low-power magnifying glass, and "Li Gui" will show its true shape< 7. To the atlas. Keep several kinds of well printed silver dollar catalogues on hand as far as possible, and carefully compare the real objects with them. Look at the frame position of the text pattern in the large part, the stroke processing of the text and the details of the pattern in the small part, and look for the flaws
all collectors of silver coins have their own identification methods, and they have something in common
nowadays, collecting all kinds of coins and antiques has become a trend. As far as the silver coins of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are concerned, there are treasures ranging from several hundred thousand yuan to several yuan worth of silver coins. There are all kinds of counterfeit coins, and the materials used are also different, which makes people unable to guard against them. The following is a list of the differences between real silver coins and several kinds of fake silver coins for reference
the real silver coin is transparent in white, soft and malleable, with clear and pleasant sound when struck, smooth layout, symmetrical edges, natural and generous pictures and pictures, and traces of circulation wear. The silver coins stored at home are hard and fine in ancient black, and those buried underground will have some irregular hard green rust. Fake black and green rust will fade away when they are soaked in boiling water, which is easy to distinguish
at the end of 1970s, the Mn Ni alloy counterfeit silver coins cast in Guangdong, Guangdong, Fujian and Hunan mountainous areas were almost all over the country. The coins were rough in workmanship, with many sand holes, containing particles, uneven thickness, light in weight, and easy to turn black for a long time. However, they could not be painted black on the lime wall, so they were the only counterfeit silver coins that would be broken. By the early 1980s, the technology of copper nickel alloy cadmium plating counterfeit coins had made some progress. There were two kinds of counterfeit coins: the picture and text were fuzzy and the three-dimensional sense was too strong. The edge teeth were basically symmetrical but unnatural, there were traces of files, there was no wear and old color coating, the sound was sharp, and the light yellow appeared after the surface was electroplated and ground off, But there are still some county stalls selling them as real silver coins
the third kind of counterfeit silver coin appeared 10 years ago. It is made of nickel zinc alloy. Its color is black and bright, and it emits lead black light. It can draw black lines repeatedly on the lime wall, and its sound is also sharp and high. It is slightly more ll than that of copper nickel alloy. Its workmanship is more realistic on one side. Although the edge of the teeth is symmetrical, it is relatively stiff. The naked eye can also see some sand holes, spots and traces of file processing, At present, this coin can still be seen in the provincial capital coin stand<
recently, there is another well-made counterfeit nickel cadmium vanadium alloy coin on the market, which has smooth layout, a little white color, a little luster, sharp sound, hard quality, a little light, too strong three-dimensional sense, less verve and file marks
the counterfeit coins pressed with real silver are the most difficult to identify. They are proced in Guangdong and Hunan in recent years. The silver quality is excellent, the color is white, and the weight is basically the same, about 26-27g. Due to insufficient pressure, the side teeth are fuzzy, the side teeth are even but unnatural, and the pictures and texts are relatively clear, but there are also some sand holes. When viewed with a magnifying glass, the patterns and characters are realistic, But the blank space layout is not very smooth, no traces of natural circulation wear and ancient color coating
another kind of common silver coin that changes and adds characters often makes some veteran forget themselves for a while, that is, common Yuan Xiang coin plus English signature version; Add "Gansu" and "Soviet" in daruijin; Sun Xiang's founding commemorative coins, such as six pointed star changed to five pointed star, English and digital misprint coins, etc. As a matter of fact, there are graphic differences between the above two editions of silver coins. The restructuring method is to first remove the surplus, then weld on some silver, and then engrave. The handwriting is a little less verve, with knife marks, and will damage the surrounding layout. After washing, it is easy to find the flaws of knife marks by painting watercolor green
there are three kinds of counterfeit coins in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China: first, some commemorative coins, such as Cixi, were coined out of thin air by silversmiths. The second is the counterfeit coins made later by coin workers in the late Qing Dynasty, in which a few of the coins cast in the original mould still have some value. As for the re carved and pressed coins, although they are all made of pure silver, the situation is different. After a long period of circulation, this coin has wear marks and old color paste. It can't be identified from the material and old and new aspects, so it's easy to muddle through. We can only work hard from the design and text. The third is the common silver plated copper coin in the period of the Republic of China. In the movies, it is common for businessmen to hold the silver coin with their fingertips and blow it fiercely, that is, to listen to the sound in their ears to distinguish the true from the false. Now a thin layer of silver plated copper coin has faded, revealing the basic excellent brass and red copper coins. The knock and wear are serious, which often leads to people mistaking it as a few silver mold copper samples<
the main features of several common counterfeit silver coins are introced as follows:
copperplate silver coins: its shape, size and pattern are completely similar to real silver coins, but it is mainly made of copper with rough pattern. When it is ground on a stone, the essence of copper appears, and the sound of knocking is sharp and bright with whistle
silver coin with lead: silver coin with lead inside and silver outside. Its pattern is the same as the normal silver dollar, but the sound is thick, ll, gloomy and with a click sound. When it is roasted by fire, lead will flow out
silver coin: its outer layer
3. Check G101 series atlas, structural nodes, etc. according to drawing requirements (for example, Jiangsu has structural Su G series and architectural Su J Series), check various specifications GB or JGJ, various construction schemes, etc. according to acceptance inspection
4. What kind of books are you going to do? Where are you going? What kind of books do you need
5. I don't know what kind of assistant I am.
reference 1.
I graated from * * in July 1995, majoring in power system and automation. After that, he got the qualification of assistant engineer in August 1996. In recent years, I have done some professional and technical work with the help of my master colleagues and leaders, and now I do the following introction:
I. relay protection setting work (10kV and below)
from September 1996 to 1997, I was responsible for the relay protection setting work of 10kV distribution line (including capacitor) and 10kV user station of the branch company, However, since the beginning of the work, the relay protection setting files have been established, such as system impedance table, impedance diagram of branch lines, summary of setting list of system station (branch lines) and summary of setting list of user station (branch lines), and the setting list has been printed by microcomputer for standardized management. The calculation basis and calculation process of each new setting value are also included, Form more perfect management data of setting calculation. In the past two years, the outgoing line setting and audit work of the new Guanzhuang 35kV substation have been completed. The calculation of the short-circuit capacity of the system provides a basis for the selection of distribution line switches and other equipment. At the end of 1997, e to the change of organization setting, the junior technical personnel were guided to carry out the setting work and successfully completed the work handover< From 1996 to September 1998, as the special person in charge of line loss in the branch company, he mainly carried out the following work: completed the computerization work of line loss statistical calculation, input the table code with the line loss calculation statistical program, automatically generated the line loss report, analyzed the bus balance, and presided over the theoretical line loss calculation, The theoretical line loss calculation program is used to prepare the line loss parameter diagram, compile the line loss compensation network node, input the computer, and complete the theoretical line loss calculation of 35kV and 10kV lines. The theoretical basis is provided for the line loss analysis and the adoption of loss rection technical measures. The "Ninth Five year" loss rection plan, 96-98 annual loss rection implementation plan, monthly, quarterly and annual line loss analysis are compiled, In 1998, the paper on reactive power loss rection and energy saving won the third prize of the paper of the Municipal Electric Power Association and the second prize of the line loss management of the municipal electric power company. Participate in the pilot project of North China Electric Power Group in Tianjin electric power company, and write the paper< From March 1998 to November 1998, he participated in the preparation of "Dongli District power grid development plan 1998-2000 and vision for 2010" as the person in charge of the discipline. The plan involves the following contents: power grid planning preparation principles, Dongli District overview, Dongli District economic development discussion, power grid status, existing problems of power grid, power grid planning, power grid planning and other aspects According to the economic development situation, load forecasting, 35kV and above power grid development planning, 10kV distribution network planning, investment estimation, expected social and economic benefits, 2010 vision and so on. It provides the basis for the construction and transformation of the power grid, and better guides the construction and transformation of the power grid. The planning is demonstrated by making a demonstration film with a microcomputer, which has won the praise of the professional department of the municipal power company< 4. Power grid construction and transformation
from March 1996 to now, I have participated in the capacity increase of 35kV main transformer in Junliangcheng and xunhai road substations, the replacement of 10kV vacuum switch in Junliangcheng, xunhai road and xiaomachang, the power transmission in Guanzhuang 35kV substation (by the end of 1996), Donglihu 35kV substation (by December 1998) and xiaomachang 35kV substation (by November 1999), The new work is to build a 35KV substation in dabizhuang (with power transmission in December 1999 and load in April 2000) and a 35KV substation in Xianfeng Road (with power transmission in August 2000). At present, as a professional, he is responsible for the whole process construction of moliqiao 110kV substation, participated in the overhaul and reconstruction of five 35kV lines such as Changhua line, presided over the 10kV line reconstruction project of rural power grid, graally became familiar with the equipment and working proceres, completed the project approval, compiled the feasibility report of substation construction and transmission line reconstruction, and participated in the entrusted design of substation, Participate in the design audit work, participate in the project quality acceptance and data sorting work, formulate the project network plan, project flow chart, all construction and transformation projects are qualified, improve the power supply capacity, meet the needs of economic operation, rece line loss, improve power supply reliability and power quality, meet the requirements of economic development for power, Good economic and social benefits have been achieved< 5. Professional operation management
participate in the formulation of professional management system, including: power supply equipment maintenance management system; Management measures for technical transformation and overhaul projects; Detailed rules for the implementation of the measures for the administration of fixed assets; Power supply equipment defect management system; Operation analysis system; Regulations on management of outsourcing projects; Regular proction meeting system; Line and substation maintenance inspection system; Technical progress management and reward methods; Management system of scientific and technological progress and reasonable suggestions; Computer management methods, computer system operating proceres. Detailed rules for the implementation of technical supervision and assessment; Presided over the compilation of basic distribution management system of power supply business office. Participate in the formulation of proction management standards, including: voltage and reactive power management standards; Line loss management standard; Management standard of economic activity analysis; Equipment whole process management standard; Presided over the establishment of professional management responsibility system: line operation professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Transformer professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Management responsibility system of anti pollution flashover work; Lightning protection management responsibility system; Cable operation professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Detailed rules for the implementation of transformer countermeasures. Preside over the formulation of the implementation rules and management measures for the legal person (Manager) responsibility system of engineering construction projects; Measures for the administration of bidding for urban and rural power grid reconstruction projects (for Trial Implementation); Interim Measures for quality management of urban and rural power grid reconstruction projects, etc
actively carry out seasonal work, arrange and arrange power supply for important festivals, major political activities, flood prevention and summer crossing, and anti pollution work in each season
the development of these works has effectively promoted the safe and stable operation of power grid< 6. Science and technology management
since 1996, computers have been used in the management work as far as possible to improve work efficiency and management level. The first is to apply the fixed assets statistics application to complete the global fixed assets transportation, the addition, change, scrap, depreciation and other work of fixed assets. The second is to use Tianjin technical transformation statistical program to complete the statistical analysis of technical transformation (including heavy measures and general technical measures). Third, as a professional, he is responsible for the development and application of the branch company's geographic information system, organizing the input of distribution line parameters and operation data, forming the line database, drawing the branch company's geographic map with AutoCAD, marking the actual trend of the line on the geographic map, and all line parameter information can be found on the line on the geographic map, This achievement won the third prize of Tianjin electric power company for scientific and technological progress. Fifthly, the pilot work of installing auto recloser (112 ᦇ lines) on distribution lines was completed to form automatic fault judgment barrier, improve power supply reliability, and make a beneficial attempt for distribution line automation. Fourth, in September 2000, he presided over the completion of the branch's web page browsing work, formulated the branch's "Tenth Five Year" science and technology plan and annual science and technology plan, formulated science and technology management measures, and played a role that young scientific and technological personnel should play< In addition, from July 1996 to March 1998, the quota was used to prepare and audit the electrical construction budget of branch expansion project and urban network reconstruction project.
reference 1.
I graated from * * in July 1995, majoring in power system and automation. After that, he got the qualification of assistant engineer in August 1996. In recent years, I have done some professional and technical work with the help of my master colleagues and leaders, and now I do the following introction:
I. relay protection setting work (10kV and below)
from September 1996 to 1997, I was responsible for the relay protection setting work of 10kV distribution line (including capacitor) and 10kV user station of the branch company, However, since the beginning of the work, the relay protection setting files have been established, such as system impedance table, impedance diagram of branch lines, summary of setting list of system station (branch lines) and summary of setting list of user station (branch lines), and the setting list has been printed by microcomputer for standardized management. The calculation basis and calculation process of each new setting value are also included, Form more perfect management data of setting calculation. In the past two years, the outgoing line setting and audit work of the new Guanzhuang 35kV substation have been completed. The calculation of the short-circuit capacity of the system provides a basis for the selection of distribution line switches and other equipment. At the end of 1997, e to the change of organization setting, the junior technical personnel were guided to carry out the setting work and successfully completed the work handover< From 1996 to September 1998, as the special person in charge of line loss in the branch company, he mainly carried out the following work: completed the computerization work of line loss statistical calculation, input the table code with the line loss calculation statistical program, automatically generated the line loss report, analyzed the bus balance, and presided over the theoretical line loss calculation, The theoretical line loss calculation program is used to prepare the line loss parameter diagram, compile the line loss compensation network node, input the computer, and complete the theoretical line loss calculation of 35kV and 10kV lines. The theoretical basis is provided for the line loss analysis and the adoption of loss rection technical measures. The "Ninth Five year" loss rection plan, 96-98 annual loss rection implementation plan, monthly, quarterly and annual line loss analysis are compiled, In 1998, the paper on reactive power loss rection and energy saving won the third prize of the paper of the Municipal Electric Power Association and the second prize of the line loss management of the municipal electric power company. Participate in the pilot project of North China Electric Power Group in Tianjin electric power company, and write the paper< From March 1998 to November 1998, he participated in the preparation of "Dongli District power grid development plan 1998-2000 and vision for 2010" as the person in charge of the discipline. The plan involves the following contents: power grid planning preparation principles, Dongli District overview, Dongli District economic development discussion, power grid status, existing problems of power grid, power grid planning, power grid planning and other aspects According to the economic development situation, load forecasting, 35kV and above power grid development planning, 10kV distribution network planning, investment estimation, expected social and economic benefits, 2010 vision and so on. It provides the basis for the construction and transformation of the power grid, and better guides the construction and transformation of the power grid. The planning is demonstrated by making a demonstration film with a microcomputer, which has won the praise of the professional department of the municipal power company< 4. Power grid construction and transformation
from March 1996 to now, I have participated in the capacity increase of 35kV main transformer in Junliangcheng and xunhai road substations, the replacement of 10kV vacuum switch in Junliangcheng, xunhai road and xiaomachang, the power transmission in Guanzhuang 35kV substation (by the end of 1996), Donglihu 35kV substation (by December 1998) and xiaomachang 35kV substation (by November 1999), The new work is to build a 35KV substation in dabizhuang (with power transmission in December 1999 and load in April 2000) and a 35KV substation in Xianfeng Road (with power transmission in August 2000). At present, as a professional, he is responsible for the whole process construction of moliqiao 110kV substation, participated in the overhaul and reconstruction of five 35kV lines such as Changhua line, presided over the 10kV line reconstruction project of rural power grid, graally became familiar with the equipment and working proceres, completed the project approval, compiled the feasibility report of substation construction and transmission line reconstruction, and participated in the entrusted design of substation, Participate in the design audit work, participate in the project quality acceptance and data sorting work, formulate the project network plan, project flow chart, all construction and transformation projects are qualified, improve the power supply capacity, meet the needs of economic operation, rece line loss, improve power supply reliability and power quality, meet the requirements of economic development for power, Good economic and social benefits have been achieved< 5. Professional operation management
participate in the formulation of professional management system, including: power supply equipment maintenance management system; Management measures for technical transformation and overhaul projects; Detailed rules for the implementation of the measures for the administration of fixed assets; Power supply equipment defect management system; Operation analysis system; Regulations on management of outsourcing projects; Regular proction meeting system; Line and substation maintenance inspection system; Technical progress management and reward methods; Management system of scientific and technological progress and reasonable suggestions; Computer management methods, computer system operating proceres. Detailed rules for the implementation of technical supervision and assessment; Presided over the compilation of basic distribution management system of power supply business office. Participate in the formulation of proction management standards, including: voltage and reactive power management standards; Line loss management standard; Management standard of economic activity analysis; Equipment whole process management standard; Presided over the establishment of professional management responsibility system: line operation professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Transformer professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Management responsibility system of anti pollution flashover work; Lightning protection management responsibility system; Cable operation professional work management network and personnel responsibility system at all levels; Detailed rules for the implementation of transformer countermeasures. Preside over the formulation of the implementation rules and management measures for the legal person (Manager) responsibility system of engineering construction projects; Measures for the administration of bidding for urban and rural power grid reconstruction projects (for Trial Implementation); Interim Measures for quality management of urban and rural power grid reconstruction projects, etc
actively carry out seasonal work, arrange and arrange power supply for important festivals, major political activities, flood prevention and summer crossing, and anti pollution work in each season
the development of these works has effectively promoted the safe and stable operation of power grid< 6. Science and technology management
since 1996, computers have been used in the management work as far as possible to improve work efficiency and management level. The first is to apply the fixed assets statistics application to complete the global fixed assets transportation, the addition, change, scrap, depreciation and other work of fixed assets. The second is to use Tianjin technical transformation statistical program to complete the statistical analysis of technical transformation (including heavy measures and general technical measures). Third, as a professional, he is responsible for the development and application of the branch company's geographic information system, organizing the input of distribution line parameters and operation data, forming the line database, drawing the branch company's geographic map with AutoCAD, marking the actual trend of the line on the geographic map, and all line parameter information can be found on the line on the geographic map, This achievement won the third prize of Tianjin electric power company for scientific and technological progress. Fifthly, the pilot work of installing auto recloser (112 ᦇ lines) on distribution lines was completed to form automatic fault judgment barrier, improve power supply reliability, and make a beneficial attempt for distribution line automation. Fourth, in September 2000, he presided over the completion of the branch's web page browsing work, formulated the branch's "Tenth Five Year" science and technology plan and annual science and technology plan, formulated science and technology management measures, and played a role that young scientific and technological personnel should play< In addition, from July 1996 to March 1998, the quota was used to prepare and audit the electrical construction budget of branch expansion project and urban network reconstruction project.
6. Let me tell you about the main and most basic courses of construction project management: real estate development and management, organizational behavior, Fundamentals of operational research, building materials, building construction and map reading, engineering construction, engineering contract management, engineering project financing, engineering valuation, international engineering contracting and management, introction to engineering economy, principles of management, engineering economics Accounting principles and engineering financial management, engineering supervision, engineering project management, building regulations, engineering cost and management. Of course, you don't need to read so much. When you go to the construction site, you should pay attention to two words: practical. It is recommended that you take a look at the courses of construction, project management, construction project budget, construction project cost and management. As for the construction laws and regulations, you will know them when you contact them on the construction site. The most important thing is to practice CAD drawing software, and find someone to call you for a few hours. As for that version, it doesn't matter who wrote it. When you find it, you'll have to go to the construction site before you have time to read it. In fact, the content of that version is almost the same. Just learn about it, and learn slowly in the process of future work.
7.
1. Construction management of construction engineering is one of the series of questions bank of national second class constructor qualification examination. The main contents of the book include: introction to construction management, construction cost control, construction progress control, construction quality control, occupational health, safety and environmental management of construction projects, construction contract management, and information management of construction projects. This book is rich and comprehensive
in a serious and responsible manner, the editor carefully analyzed the contents of the examination, and organized them into more than 100 examination sites, so as to facilitate candidates to accurately grasp the key points of review and improve learning efficiency. The book also gives 5 sets of simulated test questions, which are of great practical value and can be used as a self-examination before the examination
2. Project management is an important part of general higher ecation; Fifteen; The national planning textbook is mainly used for engineering management major; Project Management & quot; The teaching of this course can also be used in other majors of civil engineering; Project Management & quot; The teaching of the course
the main contents of this book include the basic theories, tasks and methods of project management, as well as the concepts, theories and methods of project management informatization
this book is highly theoretical, novel and closely linked with engineering management practice, which can be used as a reference for government management departments, construction units, design units, engineering management consulting units, scientific research units and construction units
This book describes the basic concepts, principles and methods of engineering management, including project management and project implementation management. This book is divided into 12 chapters. In order to help readers learn by themselves and better understand and master these basic concepts, principles and methods, corresponding thinking questions and application examples are attached in each chapter 4. Introction to engineering management (2nd Edition)
comprehensively discusses the concept of engineering, the classification and system structure of modern engineering, the life cycle process of engineering, the concept of engineering management, the construction and operation of modern engineering, the problems existing in modern engineering, the theory and method of engineering management, and the relevant laws and regulations of China's engineering, The talent demand and qualification system of Engineering Management in China, the talent training of engineering management major and the prospect of Engineering Management in the future
"Introction to engineering management (2nd Edition)" can be used as a textbook for engineering management and engineering technology majors in Colleges and universities, and also as a reference book for professionals engaged in engineering technology and engineering management in practical projects
Basic knowledge of construction engineering is divided into 14 units, including: overview, basic knowledge of architectural drawing, basic knowledge of projection, section and sectional drawing, reading of construction drawing, basic performance of building materials, cementitious materials, body materials, building steel and glass, general structure of building, basic knowledge of building mechanics It includes the composition and balance condition of plane force system, the internal force calculation of statically determinate structure, the basic concept of building structure, the basic design principle of building structure, etc"basic knowledge of Construction Engineering" is mainly used as the teaching book of two-year construction engineering technology major in higher vocational colleges, and can also be used as the teaching material for on-the-job training or the reference book for civil engineering technicians
8. To eat the meal of mining engineering, we should master four magic weapons: mine pressure and its control, coal mining safety and ventilation coal mine geology
of course, there are others, such as mining machinery, geotechnical mechanics, underground engineering and so on. These courses are usually offered
of course, there are others, such as mining machinery, geotechnical mechanics, underground engineering and so on. These courses are usually offered
9. You'd better go to the bookstore. It's rare on the Internet
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