Reservoir mining
most of the current storage is centralized storage, which is stored in the traditional centralized server. If the server goes down or fails, or the server stops operating, a lot of data will be lost
blockchain, as a distributed database, can solve this problem well. This is determined by the technical characteristics of blockchain. The digital records on the blockchain can not be tampered with or forged. The smart contract enables us to work together more efficiently, so as to establish a credible digital economic order, improve the efficiency of data flow, break the isolated island of data, and create a new storage mode.
The internal memory is directly connected with the CPU, which is composed of electronic components with fast access speed, but the storage capacity is small. It is used to store the instructions and data of the current running program, and exchange information with CPU directly, which is the main source of CPU processing data. The internal memory consists of many storage units, each of which can store a binary number or an instruction represented by a binary code. Internal memory is composed of random memory and read-only memory
read only memory (ROM) is used for machine startup initialization and system default device parameter setting
RAM (random access memory) greatly reces the time of reading data by using binary data storage unit and directly connecting with CPU. The data stored in RAM will be automatically cleared when the computer is shut down or abnormal, so people need to save the data in hard disk and other external memory. Memory mainly refers to ram
1. The representative of volatile memory is ram, which is divided into DRAM (dynamic random access memory) and SRAM (static random access memory). The difference between them lies in the different proction process. SRAM saves data by transistor latch, DRAM saves data by capacitor charging. The process of SRAM is complex and the proction cost is high, so we choose dram as the ram which is expensive and has large capacity. And SRAM is fast
2. Since ram is a memory, it is necessary to transmit data, which means communication. Communication is divided into synchronous communication and asynchronous communication. DRAM and SRAM are asynchronous communication, and the speed is not as fast as SDRAM and SSRAM. So now SDRAM is used for large capacity ram. S (synchronous)
3. Now the memory mole used in the computer is ram. My desktop computer uses DDR3 SDRAM, my mobile phone uses DDR4 SDRAM, and my embedded development board uses DDR2 SDRAM. So the difference between DDR SDRAM and SDRAM is DDR (double data rate). SDRAM only represents one data on the rising edge of the clock, while DDR SDRAM can represent one data on both rising and falling edges. DDR has also been improved step by step, with the emergence of the first generation, the second generation, the third generation, and now there are four generations
4. Cache is commonly used in CPU. Cache belongs to SRAM in essence, so it has high cost but faster speed than DRAM. In computer, cache (SRAM) is faster than memory (DRAM), so cache serves as a bridge between CPU and memory
5. How does cache speed up the communication between CPU and memory? First of all, we need to know what contradiction cache is to solve between CPU and memory. The contradiction lies in: the CPU reads fast, while the memory gives slow speed, so the CPU has to wait for data for a while, wasting CPU processing time. We put the memory data that the CPU often reads into the cache, and the CPU reads the cahce very quickly. In this way, the CPU saves the waiting time and improves the processing speed of the CPU. Another problem is how does cache know which data are commonly used by CPU? In fact, the cache stores part of the data that has just been used or recycled by Pu, which is to cache some data. So cache is also called cache< The common nonvolatile memories are ROM, flash, CD, floppy disk and mechanical hard disk. They have the same function, but the realization process is different
7. Optical disk, floppy disk and mechanical hard disk are easy to understand without explanation
8. ROM (read only memory) used to be read-only memory, that is to say, this kind of memory can only read the data in it, and cannot write data to it. In fact, it is not easy to write data to the memory before, so this kind of memory is made by the manufacturer and cannot be modified again later. Now that the technology is mature, ROM can also write data, but the name remains
9. ROM is divided into mask ROM, OTPROM, EPROM and EEPROM. Mask ROM is mask Rom. once the ROM is proced by the manufacturer, the user can no longer change the data in it. OTPROM (one time programmable ROM) can be changed into memory at one time. After leaving the factory, the user can only write data once, and then can't modify it any more. Generally, it is used as a storage key. EPROM (easerable programmable ROM) memory can be erased and written many times. But it needs to be erased in a specific environment, so this kind of memory is not convenient to write. EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) is widely used now, because as long as there is electricity, data can be erased and written
10. Flash is a kind of memory that can be written and read, which is called flash memory. Flash is also called flash Rom. some people regard flash as ROM. Compared with EEPROM, flash has larger storage capacity. The speed of flash is faster than the current mechanical hard disk. The current U disk and SSD SSD are nandflash. Flash is divided into norflash and nandflash.
it can be divided into external storage and internal storage. The following is a detailed description
1) internal memory (memory)
internal memory is directly connected with CPU, which has small storage capacity but high speed, and is used to store instructions and data of current running program, and exchange information with CPU directly. The internal memory consists of many storage units, each of which can store a binary number or an instruction represented by a binary code. Internal memory is composed of random memory and read-only memory.
2) external memory (external memory)
external memory is an extension of internal memory. It has large storage capacity, low price, but slow storage speed. It is generally used to store a large number of temporarily unused programs, data and intermediate results. When needed, it can exchange information with memory in batches. External memory can only exchange information with internal memory, and can not be directly accessed by other parts of the computer system. Commonly used external storage is disk, tape, CD, etc.