Mining nonce
Publish: 2021-04-25 08:34:44
1. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is a mobile application or computer program, which can provide a personal bitcoin wallet with which users can pay and receive bitcoin. This is how bitcoin works for most users
behind the scenes, the entire bitcoin network shares a public ledger called "blockchain.". This general ledger contains every transaction processed, so that the user's computer can verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by the electronic signature corresponding to the sending address, which enables users to have complete control over the bitcoin transferred out from their own bitcoin address. In addition, anyone can use the computing power of specialized hardware to process transactions and get a bitcoin reward for it. This service is often referred to as "mining."
bitcoin mining has gone through three stages of development. When bitcoin was just born, the price of bitcoin was very low. People just took bitcoin as a game and used their ordinary computers to mine. However, in 2012, with the rise of bitcoin price, people found that the mining speed of graphics cards was fast, so, People began to buy a large number of graphics cards and assemble them for mining, commonly known as "burning graphics cards"; The third stage is the well-known ASIC miner mining. Since Avalon proced the world's first ASIC bitcoin miner, bitcoin mining has been completely subverted, and mining has become a special professional thing.
behind the scenes, the entire bitcoin network shares a public ledger called "blockchain.". This general ledger contains every transaction processed, so that the user's computer can verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by the electronic signature corresponding to the sending address, which enables users to have complete control over the bitcoin transferred out from their own bitcoin address. In addition, anyone can use the computing power of specialized hardware to process transactions and get a bitcoin reward for it. This service is often referred to as "mining."
bitcoin mining has gone through three stages of development. When bitcoin was just born, the price of bitcoin was very low. People just took bitcoin as a game and used their ordinary computers to mine. However, in 2012, with the rise of bitcoin price, people found that the mining speed of graphics cards was fast, so, People began to buy a large number of graphics cards and assemble them for mining, commonly known as "burning graphics cards"; The third stage is the well-known ASIC miner mining. Since Avalon proced the world's first ASIC bitcoin miner, bitcoin mining has been completely subverted, and mining has become a special professional thing.
2. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. The mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, miners can use the computer to run the unique title metadata of the block through hash function, and guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins
many new users believe that the sole purpose of mining is to generate ether in a way that does not require a central issuer (see our guide "what is ether?"). It's true. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. But mining is at least as important. Usually, banks are responsible for keeping accurate records of transactions. They make sure that money is not created out of thin air and that users don't cheat and spend money many times. However, blockchain introces a new way to keep records, the whole network instead of intermediary, to verify transactions and add them to the public ledger
Ethereum mining
although "no trust" or "trust minimization" monetary system is the goal, there are still people who need to ensure the security of financial records and ensure that no one cheats. Mining is one of the innovations that makes decentralized records possible. Miners have reached a consensus on the history of transactions in terms of preventing fraud (especially double spending on ether) - an interesting issue that hasn't been addressed before the decentralized currency works on the blockchain. While Ethereum is looking at other ways to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of the deal, mining currently keeps the platform together
how mining works
today, the mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, the miner can use the computer to guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins. More specifically, the miner will run the unique header metadata (including time stamp and software version) of the block through the hash function (which will return a fixed length, unordered string of numbers and letters, which appears to be random), changing only the 'nonce value', which will affect the hash value of the result
if the miner finds a hash that matches the current target, the miner will be granted ether and broadcast the block across the network for each node to verify and add to their own ledger . If miner B finds the hash, miner a stops working on the current block and repeats the process for the next block. It's hard for miners to cheat in this game. There is no way to fake the work and come up with the right answer to the puzzle. That's why solving puzzles is called "proof of work."
on the other hand, others have little time to verify whether the hash value is correct, which is exactly what each node does. About every 12-15 seconds, a miner finds a stone. If the miner starts to solve the puzzle faster or slower than this, the algorithm will automatically re adjust the difficulty of the problem so that the miner can rebound to about 12 seconds of solution time
miners earn these ethers randomly, and their profitability depends on their luck and the computing power they put in. The specific workload verification algorithm used by Ethereum is called "ethash", which aims to require more memory, making it difficult to mine with expensive ASIC. Special mining chips are now the only profitable way to mine bitcoin
in a sense, ethash may have achieved this goal successfully, because dedicated ASIC is not available for Ethereum (at least not yet). In addition, as Ethereum aims to shift from proof of work mining to "proof of equity" (which we will discuss below), buying ASIC may not be a wise choice because it may not prove useful for a long time< However, Ethereum may never need miners. Developers plan to abandon proof of work, the algorithm currently used by the network to determine which transactions are valid and protect them from tampering to support proof of equity, which is guaranteed by token owners. If and when the algorithm is launched, proof of equity can become a means to achieve distributed consensus, and the consensus uses less resources.
many new users believe that the sole purpose of mining is to generate ether in a way that does not require a central issuer (see our guide "what is ether?"). It's true. The token of Ethereum is proced in the process of mining, with a mining rate of 5 Ethereum coins per piece. But mining is at least as important. Usually, banks are responsible for keeping accurate records of transactions. They make sure that money is not created out of thin air and that users don't cheat and spend money many times. However, blockchain introces a new way to keep records, the whole network instead of intermediary, to verify transactions and add them to the public ledger
Ethereum mining
although "no trust" or "trust minimization" monetary system is the goal, there are still people who need to ensure the security of financial records and ensure that no one cheats. Mining is one of the innovations that makes decentralized records possible. Miners have reached a consensus on the history of transactions in terms of preventing fraud (especially double spending on ether) - an interesting issue that hasn't been addressed before the decentralized currency works on the blockchain. While Ethereum is looking at other ways to reach a consensus on the effectiveness of the deal, mining currently keeps the platform together
how mining works
today, the mining process of Ethereum is almost the same as that of bitcoin. For each transaction, the miner can use the computer to guess the answer repeatedly and quickly until one of them wins. More specifically, the miner will run the unique header metadata (including time stamp and software version) of the block through the hash function (which will return a fixed length, unordered string of numbers and letters, which appears to be random), changing only the 'nonce value', which will affect the hash value of the result
if the miner finds a hash that matches the current target, the miner will be granted ether and broadcast the block across the network for each node to verify and add to their own ledger . If miner B finds the hash, miner a stops working on the current block and repeats the process for the next block. It's hard for miners to cheat in this game. There is no way to fake the work and come up with the right answer to the puzzle. That's why solving puzzles is called "proof of work."
on the other hand, others have little time to verify whether the hash value is correct, which is exactly what each node does. About every 12-15 seconds, a miner finds a stone. If the miner starts to solve the puzzle faster or slower than this, the algorithm will automatically re adjust the difficulty of the problem so that the miner can rebound to about 12 seconds of solution time
miners earn these ethers randomly, and their profitability depends on their luck and the computing power they put in. The specific workload verification algorithm used by Ethereum is called "ethash", which aims to require more memory, making it difficult to mine with expensive ASIC. Special mining chips are now the only profitable way to mine bitcoin
in a sense, ethash may have achieved this goal successfully, because dedicated ASIC is not available for Ethereum (at least not yet). In addition, as Ethereum aims to shift from proof of work mining to "proof of equity" (which we will discuss below), buying ASIC may not be a wise choice because it may not prove useful for a long time< However, Ethereum may never need miners. Developers plan to abandon proof of work, the algorithm currently used by the network to determine which transactions are valid and protect them from tampering to support proof of equity, which is guaranteed by token owners. If and when the algorithm is launched, proof of equity can become a means to achieve distributed consensus, and the consensus uses less resources.
3.
Bitcoin is actually a useless string of numbers, but it is recognized as useful, just like diamonds, antiques, calligraphy and paintings, game skin and so on. They can't be eaten or used, but we will recognize their value
"mining" just allows more people to participate in the construction of blockchain network. Is it really good that so many electricity charges are used to "calculate" a series of virtual values? Bitcoin is not a hedge. The price of bitcoin fluctuates greatly. Speculation on bitcoin may become rich overnight or become poor overnight. Bitcoin is not as safe as it claims. In 2014, the world's largest bitcoin trading website, mtgox, was hacked and went bankrupt, and the $467 million worth of bitcoin evaporated instantly. Criminals use it to launder money, evade taxes and so on. It is also quite difficult for the government to investigate. The above personal opinions are welcome to be criticized and corrected. Agree with me, please click like before you go, thank you! Like me, please pay attention to me, thank you again
4. Nonce
English [n & 594; [n] beauty [n] ɑ [ns]
n.
at present, at present<
her sadness to discover a touch of sadness had for the nonce disappeared.
the light sadness she used to have is now swept away.
2.
this would dissolve a vocabulary into an infinite number of nonce words.
this will break a vocabulary into countless temporary words />
3.
Bob is a fool, to be dozing at the very nonce
English [n & 594; [n] beauty [n] ɑ [ns]
n.
at present, at present<
her sadness to discover a touch of sadness had for the nonce disappeared.
the light sadness she used to have is now swept away.
2.
this would dissolve a vocabulary into an infinite number of nonce words.
this will break a vocabulary into countless temporary words />
3.
Bob is a fool, to be dozing at the very nonce
5. I also have such problems, waiting for the solution.
6. DWG to exchange format. CAS 8. The application program converts the exchange format. CAS to the exchange format of MAPGIS digital mapping. SLT and the corresponding point file. TXT 8. Read in the point file 8. Read in the exchange format of MAPGIS digital mapping. SLT. Then the MAPGIS digital mapping file. SUV can be converted to MAPG
7. HPV infection is not terrible, although there is no specific drug for the treatment of HPV, it does not mean that HPV can not be defeated; The history of human beings is also the history of conquering diseases. Human beings have been exposed to all kinds of viruses for a long time. Finally, human beings can reproce to today, which shows that there are anti virus genes in the human body, specifically manifested in the immune function of the human body; HPV is only one of the viruses. When the human body is infected with the virus, the human body will graally (a few patients will soon) form immunity to the virus. When the immune ability is strong enough, HPV will be eliminated; Therefore, a large number of medical statistics show that although the proportion of people infected by HPV is large, most of them are transient, that is, the virus will disappear naturally within 1-2 years (generally referred to as HPV infection). In fact, the process of the human body to defeat the influenza virus is the same. The final victory of the influenza virus depends on the human body's own immune ability, not the result of drug action. Medicine can only be symptomatic treatment, such as nasal congestion can use vasoconstrictor drugs to smooth the nasal cavity, fever can use antipyretic drugs to rece body temperature, cough can use antitussive drugs to rece cough symptoms. But none of the ingredients of these cold medicines can kill the mutated virus. All of them can relieve the symptoms. The reason for the recovery of cold is that the human body graally forms the immunity to the influenza virus in about 7 days, thus killing the virus in the body
there are some similarities between HPV infection and cold, both belong to virus infection. The difference is that for cold virus, the human immune system will quickly find this virus and quickly form immunity to it; HPV infection is different, because HPV only invades the skin and mucous epidermis, the human immune system often can not detect the virus infection, can not form an effective immune response in time, and can not kill the virus in time. However, after a long period of time, the human body will graally enhance its immunity to HPV, and the patients will eventually clear the infected HPV. In short, in the absence of specific drugs to kill HPV, most patients can overcome HPV only by relying on their own immune ability. When it comes to the specific treatment, drug or physical therapy can remove the exogenous verruca, which can eliminate a large number of viruses (verruca is the most concentrated part of the virus). Of course, a small amount of resial virus is inevitable, but even without drugs, nearly half of the patients with
can rely on their own immune ability to overcome the resial virus and no longer relapse
there is a close relationship between human immunity and emotion. When a person is depressed, his immunity will decrease significantly; According to the clinical data, people who are not in a good mood are more likely to suffer from a variety of diseases, including colds, and there are more and more reports about long-term depression which is easy to cause cancer; In short, most diseases related to immunity are also affected by emotions, including the probability of infection and the speed of recovery. In a word, if you have the confidence to overcome HPV, you can walk out of the shadow of your heart as soon as possible, live a normal life ahead of time and face life with a normal attitude when the disease is not cured, which will speed up the speed of strengthening your own immunity and eliminate HPV faster; We believe that optimistic, healthy mood is the second step to overcome condyloma acuminatum.
there are some similarities between HPV infection and cold, both belong to virus infection. The difference is that for cold virus, the human immune system will quickly find this virus and quickly form immunity to it; HPV infection is different, because HPV only invades the skin and mucous epidermis, the human immune system often can not detect the virus infection, can not form an effective immune response in time, and can not kill the virus in time. However, after a long period of time, the human body will graally enhance its immunity to HPV, and the patients will eventually clear the infected HPV. In short, in the absence of specific drugs to kill HPV, most patients can overcome HPV only by relying on their own immune ability. When it comes to the specific treatment, drug or physical therapy can remove the exogenous verruca, which can eliminate a large number of viruses (verruca is the most concentrated part of the virus). Of course, a small amount of resial virus is inevitable, but even without drugs, nearly half of the patients with
can rely on their own immune ability to overcome the resial virus and no longer relapse
there is a close relationship between human immunity and emotion. When a person is depressed, his immunity will decrease significantly; According to the clinical data, people who are not in a good mood are more likely to suffer from a variety of diseases, including colds, and there are more and more reports about long-term depression which is easy to cause cancer; In short, most diseases related to immunity are also affected by emotions, including the probability of infection and the speed of recovery. In a word, if you have the confidence to overcome HPV, you can walk out of the shadow of your heart as soon as possible, live a normal life ahead of time and face life with a normal attitude when the disease is not cured, which will speed up the speed of strengthening your own immunity and eliminate HPV faster; We believe that optimistic, healthy mood is the second step to overcome condyloma acuminatum.
8. Let me give you an example of real name authentication on ABCC trading platform (I'm not using coin security, so... You know), you know. First of all, you can go to the personal information side to find the identity authentication, upload the front and back photos of your ID card or passport, and then upload the photos of yourself holding the ID card or passport and the paper with the name and date of ABCC exchange. After that is waiting for certification. ABCC exchange generally can see the certification results after 24 hours.
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