Huawei mining

1. No, ICBC has clarified that digital currency is formulated, standardized and issued by the central bank.

2. Matching rate = number of sows participating in breeding / number of sows reprocible × Some expressions and formulas of 100%
sow fecundity< 1. Estrus rate (ER)

1< Function: To evaluate the effect of some reproctive technology or management measures on estrus inction and the natural estrus function of sows< Calculation: estrus rate = number of estrous sows / number of fertile sows × 100%

2. Matching rate (MR)

1. Concept: the percentage of sows participating in breeding and fertile sows in a certain period

2. Function: mainly reflecting the situation of sows and the level of breeding management

3. Calculation: matching rate = the number of sows participating in breeding / fertile sows × Conception rate (CR)

1< Function: to reflect the reproctive function and breeding quality of sows

3. Conception rate ring estrus = actual number of pregnant sows / number of sows participating in breeding × The conception rate of estrous period can be divided into two parts: (1) conception rate of the first estrous period, that is, the percentage of pregnant sows in the first estrous period

conception rate in the first estrous period = number of pregnant sows in the first estrous period / number of breeding sows in the first estrous period × 100%

(2) conception rate in the second estrous period is the percentage of pregnant sows in the number of sows mated in the second estrous period

conception rate in second estrus = number of pregnant sows / number of breeding sows in second estrus × 100%

(3) the conception rate of total estrous period is the percentage of the number of pregnant sows in the total estrous period (including previous mixed estrous period). It mainly reflects the compounding of pigs

5. The total conception rate is the percentage of the number of final pregnant sows in the number of breeding sows< No return to estrus rate (NR)

1. Concept: the percentage of sows no longer in estrus in a certain period after mating< Function: to reflect the breeding quality and the reproctive capacity of sows

3. Calculation: the number of sows returning to estrus in a certain period after mating / the number of sows mating × 100%< 5. Mating index (CI)

1. Concept: it refers to the average number or times of mating estrus required for each pregnancy of sows, or the average number of mating estrus for each pregnancy of sows participating in mating (reciprocal value of pregnancy rate)

2. Function: another way to reflect mating conception< Calculation: mating index = number of mating period / number of pregnant sows< 6. Reproctive rate (RR)

1. Concept: it refers to the percentage of piglets born in this year in the number of sows suitable for breeding in the last year< Function: it mainly reflects the efficiency of pig breeding. Generally speaking, it is the most practical index to reflect the function and management level of reproctive activities such as estrus, mating, conception, pregnancy and delivery in a pig farm, and to measure the reproctive efficiency< Calculation: reproctive rate = number of piglets born in this year / number of sows suitable for breeding in the last year × 100%< 7. Survival rate (SR)

1. Concept: it generally refers to the weaning survival rate, that is, the percentage of the number of surviving piglets at weaning to the total number of live piglets at birth. Or the percentage of the number of live piglets (including some piglets born at the end of the year) in this year< Function: it reflects the lactation ability, litter protection and feeding management performance of sows

3. Survival rate = number of live piglets at weaning / number of live piglets at birth × 100%

or = number of piglets survived at the end of this year / number of piglets born in this year × 100%< Concept: the percentage of the total number of piglets born in this year to the total number of finishing pigs in the previous year at the beginning of this year< Function: to reflect the annual growth of livestock, which is related to the level of breeding management

3. Calculation: multiplication rate = the actual number of piglets born at the end of this year / the total number of female pigs at the beginning of this year or last year × 100%< (9) litter size

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2. Calculation: litter size = total litter size per year / sows per year × 100%< Concept: the number of piglets per litter (including stillbirth and stillbirth). Generally, the average is used to compare the litter proction ability of indivial and herd< Calculation: average litter size = total litter size / litter size × 100%

3. There is a big difference between them.

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4. 1、 Oestrus rate (ER)
1. Concept: it refers to the percentage of oestrus females in the number of fertile females in a certain period of time
2. Function: it is used to evaluate the effect of some reproctive technology or management measures on estrus inction and the function of natural estrus in livestock
3. Calculation: oestrus rate = number of oestrus females / number of reproctive females & times; 1. Concept: the percentage of breeding female and reproctive female in a certain period of time
2. Function: mainly reflecting the estrus situation and breeding management level
3. Calculation: matching rate = breeding female / reproctive female & times; Conception: conception rate in estrous period is the percentage of pregnant sows in estrous period
2. Function: to reflect the reproctive function and breeding quality of female livestock
3; 100%
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5. The physiological characteristics of pigs are as follows:
pigs are fat, short limbs, docile, adaptable, easy to raise, fast to breed, black, white, red sauce or black and white flowers. Pigs can be mated 5-12 months after birth, and the gestation period is about 4 months. The average life span of pigs is 20 years< The feeding behavior of pigs includes feeding and drinking water, and has various age characteristics
pigs are born with the genetic characteristics of arched soil. Arched soil foraging is a prominent feature of pig feeding behavior. Pig nose is a highly developed organ, and olfaction plays a decisive role in foraging. Although in modern pig houses, the pigs were fed with a well-balanced diet, they also showed the characteristics of arched foraging. Every time they were fed, they tried to occupy a favorable position in the trough. Sometimes they stepped their two forelimbs in the trough to feed. If the trough was easy to approach, indivial pigs even got into the trough and stood at one corner of the trough, just like wild pigs arched foraging, arched along the trough with snout process, Stir the ingredients out and throw them all over the floor
the feeding of pigs is selective, and they especially like sweet food. It is found that the suckling piglets like sweet food
compared with powder, pigs prefer pellet; Compared with wet feed, dry feed is preferred to wet feed and takes less time
the feed intake of pigs is competitive. Group fed pigs eat more, eat faster and gain more weight than single fed pigs. Pigs were fed 6-8 times ring the day, 1-3 times more than at night. The ration of each feeding was 10-20 minutes, and the feeding restriction time was less than 10 minutes. The sucking times per day and night of piglets vary with age, ranging from 15 to 25 times, accounting for 10% - 20% of the total time of day and night. The feed intake and frequency of large pigs increase with the increase of body weight
in most cases, drinking water and feeding are carried out at the same time
the amount of drinking water for piglets is quite large. Piglets need to drink water after birth, which mainly comes from the water in breast milk. The amount of drinking water for piglets when feeding is about twice that of dry feed, that is, the ratio of water to feed is 3:1; In addition to the feed composition, the amount of drinking water for alt pigs largely depends on the ambient temperature. The piglets fed with mixture drank water 9-10 times a day and night, and 2-3 times a day and night on average. The piglets fed with dry material needed to drink water immediately after each feeding. The piglets fed freely usually drank water alternately until they were satisfied. The piglets fed with restricted diet only drank water after finishing feeding. Piglets can learn to use automatic water dispensers to drink water before they are six months old.

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7. Sows for breeding are required to have full heads and high yields. It is necessary to improve the quantity and quality of sperm and eggs, and ensure timely mating. Therefore, the following work should be done well< Choose the appropriate age and weight of first mating: the sexual maturity of pigs is poor, some boars begin to proce sperm in testis about two months after birth, and sows generally can be estrous 4-5 months after birth. At this time, e to inadequate growth and development of the body, can not be mated. We should pay attention to separate the piglets and prevent them from mating
the age and weight of the first mating were 10-12 months after birth, with a weight of 75-100 kg for boars and 8-10 months for sows, with a weight of 50-75 kg for sows. That is to say, the body weight should reach 40-50% of the alt body weight at this age, which indicates that the growth and development are relatively sufficient
early mating will affect the growth and development of male and female piglets, and the piglets are also weak. Late mating is not only economically uneconomic, but also not necessarily able to improve the fecundity. Some sows are not easy to conceive because they are too fat; The amount of ejaculation, the quality of semen and the length of using years of boars are not only affected by the feeding and management conditions, but also closely related to whether the utilization is reasonable
newly bred boars were bred 2-8 times a week. Boars do not officially participate in breeding until they are 1.5 years old. During the busy breeding period, boars aged 1 and 5 can be used once a day and have a rest day after 2-3 days of continuous breeding. Boars aged 2 can be bred twice or even three times a day, but the interval between them is 4-6 hours, and there is a rest day in a week. Excessive mating will significantly rece the quality of semen, thus affecting the conception rate. If the boar is not used for a long time, once the breeding is resumed, the sows will not be able to conceive at the beginning, because there are more degenerated sperm stored in the testis
in the case of concentrated season breeding, a boar can match 25-30 sows. The number of sows can be doubled in the whole year. If artificial insemination is used, it can be increased ten times or more
boar can be used for 6-8 years or longer. After 4-5 years old, the sexual function begins to decline, so the head effect of sows should be controlled< 3. Master the law of estrus and ovulation of sows and make rational use of sows. Sows start estrus when they are sexually mature. Pigs are perennial estrous animals, seasonal is not obvious, sometimes in the winter is particularly cold when not in estrus. The first estrus, the symptoms are often not obvious. The ration of oestrus varies from 2 to 5 days. After the first oestrus, generally every 15 days or so, the symptoms are obvious. There is a regular pattern of oestrus after oestrus, about every 18-21 days. The ration of oestrus is 8-4 days. As long as it is not matched, it will be repeated oestrus
symptoms. Local sows are more obvious, but breeding breeds and hybrid sows are not obvious. The general symptoms are restlessness and jumping to look for boars, not eating well or not eating. Crawling across other sows, vulva swelling, frequent urination, vaginal outflow of a small amount of liquid. Press the waist of the pig or pat its buttocks, often standing still
alt sows usually get estrus after weaning piglets. There are also some in good nutrition, postpartum 3-4 days or 6-7 days of oestrus, 30 days after oestrus, but oestrus is not obvious, oestrus ration is shorter. Some sows are still in estrus after conception, but the estrus is not obvious and the ration is short, which is called false estrus. Some sows only show vulva swelling in oestrus, and there are no other symptoms. We should pay attention to it, otherwise, it is easy to miss breeding
ovulation occurs 25-36 hours after the onset of estrus. Sows ovulate more, so the ration of ovulation is also long, generally 10-15 hours, or longer. The eggs only survived in the ovict for 8-12 hours. Each ovulation number for more than 20, there are more than 20. 30, 50, but only more than 10 were actually born. This is because the eggs were not fertilized or the embryo died
the estrus and ovulation of sows are different not only among breeds but also among indivials, which should be observed and recorded. If we make a good record, we can not only understand the indivial characteristics and make timely breeding, but also find out the general rules of the emergence of existing pigs according to a large number of recorded materials
it's better to have only one litter in the first year and two litter every year in the future. Only under the condition of good feeding management and equipment can we have five nests in two years or one year
the number of piglets born in the second litter is generally small. The number of piglets born in the second litter begins to increase until seven or eight, and then graally decreases. However, some sows still proce high yield when they proce ten or twenty litter. Therefore, the utilization life of sows is generally 5-6 years, and the utilization life of indivial high-yield sows can be longer

4. Prevention and treatment methods of non estrus or repeated mating infertility in sows: in proction practice, some sows are often not estrus or estrus without conception. There are many reasons, most of them are e to improper feeding and management, and may also be e to reproctive organ diseases; 5:•
some sows are not in estrus or infertility e to insufficient green feed and excessive concentrate, coupled with long-term captivity and lack of exercise. The prevention and cure method is to increase the green feed, rece the concentrate feed, feed 60% to 70% full, and strengthen the exercise, so as to rece the fat and promote the estrus conception
some sows lose weight e to lack of nutrition ring pregnancy and lactation, and become thinner at weaning without estrus. The control method is to strengthen the feeding in the late pregnancy and increase the concentrate feed ring the lactation period, so that the fat condition of sows does not decline. If you lose weight ring weaning, you can increase the feeding of green and fine materials, so that the fat can recover quickly, which can promote estrus
some sows do not have estrus for a long time, so they can be locked in a pen with the trial boar. Let boars chase and climb, so that sows are sexually stimulated and cause endocrine system adjustment. To stimulate estrus

for newly bred sows with good growth and development, but no oestrus for a long time or infertility after repeated mating, 5000 mouse units of anterior pituitary gonadotropin can be injected intramuscularly for two times, with an interval of 4-6 hours, and the injection time can be 1-2 days before the next estrous cycle. Or injection of glypnol (2-8 mg / kg body weight), benzoic acid courtship glycol, chorionic gonadotropin, pregnant horse serum and pregnant woman urine
for sows that have not been in estrus for a long time or are repeatedly infertile, the following traditional Chinese medicine can also be used for treatment
first, Cistanche deserticola, Polygonum multiflorum and Yuanshen each have three coins, Angelica sinensis each have five coins, Tusizi each have three coins, motherwort each have three coins, Wang buliuxing and epimedium each have three coins. They are researched as the end, mixed in the feed and fed once every five days
Second, Angelica sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Notopterygii, Herba Leonuri and Radix Aucklandiae are the end procts, which are mixed in the feed
some sows are often infertile e to inflammation of uterus. They can wash uterus with 1% salt water or 0.1% potassium permanganate or 0.1% rivanol solution 1-2 days before estrus. After washing, 1 g chlortetracycline (or tetracycline, oxytetracycline) and 100 ml distilled water were injected into the uterus and washed every 1-8 days. At the same time, oral or injection of sulfonamides or antibiotics. After the disease is cured, it can also conceive.

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"the old match is early, the small match is late, and the old match is not in the middle& quot; It is a scientific summary of timely breeding by the masses. That is to say, the old sows were mated on the same day of estrus, and the young sows were mostly 3 & quot after the beginning of estrus-&# 39; 4 days, the second day after the onset of estrus
in terms of reproctive physiology, 6 hours before ovulation is the most suitable time for sow breeding. This is because it takes 2-5 hours for sperm to reach the upper end of the ovict after mating, and its fertilizing ability in the reproctive tract of sows is only 25 - &; 30 hours. If the mating is too late, the egg will be discharged from the follicle and reach% of the upper end of the fallopian tube On the contrary, if mating is too early, when the egg reaches the fallopian tube, the sperm will die and fertilization will not be possible
in proction practice, it is often impossible to find the start time of oestrus in time, so you can touch the sow's buttocks with your hand. If it does not move, and likes to lie down, and the congestion and swelling of vulva subside slightly, it is best to breed
6. Suitable mating method: if the mating is timely and there is another suitable mating method, generally, sows can be conceived by mating once ring estrus. In order to improve conception rate and litter size in some pig farms, repeated mating or double mating is used
(1) repeated matching. That is to say, the sows should be mated once every 20, - 30 hours after the onset of estrus, and the same boar should be used for the second time every 12-18 hours. In this way, the reproctive tract of sows can always keep strong motile sperm, avoid the mismatch caused by early or late mating, and improve the litter size
(2) double matching. When sows are mated, they are first mated with a boar of one breed and then mated with a boar of another breed every 10-15 minutes. This method is easy to conceive, and can make the piglets more fertile and strong. This is because eggs have more opportunities to choose the most suitable sperm for fertilization. This method is not suitable for breeders because it can't find out the lineage
at present, artificial assisted mating is often used in proction practice. Artificial insemination can also be carried out when conditions permit
for artificial assisted mating, the breeding site should be far away from the pigpen, the ground should be flat and quiet. Oestrus sows should rush to the breeding site first, and it's better to wash the sow's vulva and hindquarters with disinfectant. And then the boar, when the boar reaches the climax of sexual desire, let it mate, generally after 5 to 20 minutes can ejaculate. When the boar comes down from the sow, immediately press the sow's waist with hands to prevent semen outflow. After mating, the male and female pigs were driven to JF respectively, and they were allowed to exercise for some time respectively, and then they were driven back to the pigsty. In summer, cold bath should be strictly prohibited after boar breeding. The best time to breed is 1-2 hours after feeding
if there is a big difference between male and female, the breeding frame or foot pad can be used to help breeding. Without the above equipment, we can also use the terrain to solve the problem. In the case of male, female and small, we can drive the sows to the slope and the boars to the slope. On the contrary, in the case of male, female and small, the sows stand at the low place and the boars stand at the high place

7. According to the current conditions of collective pig farms, it is generally necessary to carry out seasonal delivery, that is, to arrange the two litter days in a good season. Our province has a temperate continental monsoon climate, with dry and windy spring, hot and rainy summer, clear and cool autumn, cold winter and less rain and snow, so it is more appropriate to arrange the delivery in August to April and September to October of the Gregorian calendar.
8, To prevent unplanned inbreeding. After each sow has been bred, the breeding record should be made (see table 3-1)? In order to calculate the expected date of delivery and prepare for prenatal. In the breeding field, the breeding record is also the basis of blood test< (3) pregnancy

ensure that the fetus develops well in the mother and prevent abortion. The normal development of embryo in uterus and the size and viability of piglets at birth are affected by genetic factors and the feeding management of pregnant sows

8. 1. Fertile sows are sows with reproctive capacity
in view of the prominent contradiction between supply and demand of live pigs, pork prices continue to run at a high level. In the establishment of pig insurance system, at this stage, we should start with the insurance of sows with reproctive capacity, and promote it at the same time. In August this year, China officially launched the policy of breeding sow insurance, and the central finance disbursed a budget of 1.15 billion yuan for the first time to carry out breeding sow insurance nationwide
2. The standard of breeding sows is as long as they have reproctive capacity< Beijing, December 21, 2007 (Xinhua) the notice of the general office of the State Council on further supporting pig proction and stabilizing market supply issued a few days ago clearly pointed out that the government will increase the support of subsidy policy for breeding sows, and continue to implement the subsidy in the next year after the policy expires this year, and the standard will be raised from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per pig. According to the current policy, according to the number of sows insured, the state finance will give direct subsidies to sows breeders according to the quota standard of 50 yuan per sow per year in principle, so as to enhance the ability of breeders to resist the risk of rising costs
3. How many piglets does a sow give birth to on average. Generally, a sow has a litter of 8 to 10 (about average). It is difficult for all of them to survive if they have too many babies. At the same time, the pregnant ability of sows is also related to many factors
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5. Piglets are born more than 30 days after delivery.