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The network bits of A-type network are 8 bits, and the subnet mask is 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000, which is converted into binary representation as 255.0.0
the network bits of class B network are 16 bits, and the subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000, which is 255.255.0.0 in decimal system
the network bits of class C network are 24 bits, and the subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000, which is 255.255.255.0 in decimal system
extended data:
because the number of bits of subnet mask depends on the number of possible subnets and the number of hosts in each subnet. Before defining the subnet mask, it is necessary to make clear the number of subnets and hosts originally used
according to the number of subnets
use the number of subnets to calculate
before seeking the subnet mask, we must first make clear the number of subnets to be divided and the number of hosts required in each subnet
1. Convert the number of subnets into binary to represent
2. Obtain the number of bits of the binary, which is n
3. Obtain the subnet like mask of the IP address, and obtain the subnet mask of the IP address by dividing the first n position 1 of the host address part
Preparation materials: computer, command prompt
1, press Win + r on the keyboard to open and run
subnet mask is a 32-bit address, which is used to shield part of IP address to distinguish network ID and host ID, and to explain whether the IP address is on LAN or remote network< 2. Determine the number of subnet masks
the number of bits used for subnet mask depends on the number of possible subnets and the number of hosts in each subnet. Before defining the subnet mask, it is necessary to make clear the number of subnets and hosts originally used
-- > the steps to define the subnet mask are as follows:
-- > A. determine which group addresses are used by us. For example, the network number we applied for is "210.73. A.B", the network address is class C IP address, the network ID is "210.73", and the host ID is "A.B"< B. according to the number of subnets we need now and the number of subnets we may expand to in the future, we use some bits of the host to define the subnet mask. For example, we need 12 subnets now, and we may need 16 in the future. Use the first four bits of the third byte to determine the subnet mask. The first four bits are set to "1", that is, the third byte is "11110000", which is called the new binary subnet mask
-- > This number is converted into discontinuous decimal form: "255.255.240.0"
this number is the subnet mask of the network
-- > 3. Labeling of IP mask
-- > A. labeling method without subnet
for IP address without subnet, it can be written as mask with host number 0. For example, if the IP address is 210.73.140.5 and the mask is 255.255.255.0, the default mask can be used to write only the IP address
-- > B. labeling method with subnets
when there are subnets, they must be paired. Take class C address as an example
-- > 1. The first three bytes in the IP address indicate the network number, and the last byte indicates not only the subnet number, but also the host number, and whether the two IP addresses belong to one network segment. If they belong to the same network interval, the information exchange between the two addresses does not go through the router. If it does not belong to the same network interval, that is, the subnet number is different, the information exchange between the two addresses will be carried out through the router. For example, for a host with an IP address of 210.73.140.5, its host ID is 00000101. For a host with an IP address of 210.73.140.16, its host ID is 00010000. The first three digits of the above two host IDs are all 000, indicating that the two IP addresses are in the same network area, The two hosts do not need to exchange information through the router. The host ID of 10.73.60.1 is 00000001210.73.60.252, and the host ID of 11111100. The first three digits of the two host IDs are different, which indicates that they are in different network areas and need to exchange information through the router. The subnetwork host numbers are 1 and 252 respectively< 2. The function of mask is to indicate that there are subnets and several subnets, but the number of subnets can only be expressed as a range, not specific subnets. The mask does not indicate the specific subnet number, but has the mask format of subnet (for class C address)<
- "the use of subnet mask 1
facilitates the network equipment to distinguish the local network segment address and non local network segment address as soon as possible
host a and host B interact with each other
host a: IP address: 202.183.58.11
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
routing address: 202.183.58.1
host B: IP address: 202.183.56.5
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
routing address: 202.183.56.1
after the router receives the IP data message sent by host a to host B from port 202.183.58.1,
(1) first, the port address 202.183.58.1 and the subnet mask address 255.255.255.0 are used for "logical and" to get the port segment address 202.183.58.0,
(2) then the destination address 202.183.56.5 and the subnet mask address 255.255.255.0 are used for "logical and" to get 202.183.56.0,
(3) compare the result 202.183.56.0 with the port segment address 202.183.58.0. If the result is the same, it is considered that it belongs to this network segment and will not be forwarded. If not, forward the IP message to the network segment corresponding to port 202.183.56.1<
- "the use of subnet mask 2
further divide the subnet to rece the address space of the subnet. A network segment is divided into several sub network segments to facilitate network management
the campus network information center can assign 202.183.56.0 (Class C address) to two departments, each department has about 120 computers, so the subnet mask address can be defined as 255.255.255.128
in this way, the original network segment is divided into two independent subnet segments, which is convenient for network management
address range of system 1: 202.183.56.1-202.183.56.126
subnet address: 11001010 10111 00111000 0xxxxxxx
address range of system 2: 202.183.56.129-202.183.56.254
subnet address: 11001010 10111 00111000 1xxxxxx
the same IP address means the same network ID, so the following points should be paid attention to when setting:
1 the subnet mask should be set to the same
2 the part of network ID with the same length as mask should be the same
3 the host ID of IP address should be different, and do not use all 0 or all 1 (binary)
for example, if the mask is 24 bits and 255.255.255.0, the network IDs of 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.1.8 are 192.168.1, which are in the same network segment, while 192.168.1.3 and 192.168.2.8 are not in the same network segment.