Excellent chain mining
bitcoin mining machine is a kind of computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining chips and works in the way of burning graphics card, which consumes a lot of power. It is one of the ways to get bitcoin that users download software from personal computer and then run specific algorithm to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote server
mining is actually a competition of performance and equipment, and a competition of computing power among miners. Miners with more computing power are more likely to dig bitcoin. With the increase of computing power in the whole network, it is more and more difficult to dig bits with traditional devices (CPU, GPU). People have developed chips specially used for mining. Chip is the core part of mining machine. The process of chip operation will proce a lot of heat, in order to cool down, bitcoin miner is generally equipped with heat sink and fan
bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency. Bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware. Miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
bitcoin mining started with low-cost hardware such as CPU or GPU, but with the popularity of bitcoin, the mining process has changed greatly. Nowadays, the mining activities are transferred to the field programmable gate array, and the hash speed can be achieved through optimization. The mining efficiency of this mode is very high
e to the decentralized accounting method, open and traceable data, intelligent contract to ensure trusted transactions and other characteristics of the technology itself, blockchain is a perfect match for various applications in finance, logistics and other fields. However, e to the market's low acceptance of blockchain technology and the incomplete development and basic conditions of related instries, the technology has not been widely used in related instries. However, some instries with concentrated indivial users are ahead. The game instry has a huge demand for users to buy and sell game equipment, and the game equipment belongs to digital assets, Transaction has financial attributes, and it is also an ideal scenario for the application of blockchain technology< br />
looking at the current domestic blockchain games, dozens of them have appeared in recent half a year, but most of them are pet nurturing games with pictures and words to explain the rules, which have little entertainment value. Some Internet reports also mentioned that it only takes about five days to a blockchain pet game. It can be imagined that the blockchain game copied by such a simple method is difficult to be well designed and even less attractive to players. There are also other types of blockchain games, such as real estate games. Users can use tokens in game scenes to purchase land, services and procts in the virtual world, obtain property rights, and build buildings on their own land. But this kind of game in the country to do more influential is rare< br />
the combination of blockchain and games is supposed to improve the convenience and effectiveness of game digital asset management with blockchain technology, so as to enhance the overall use experience of players. However, the current domestic mainstream practice is to find suitable landing applications for blockchain technology, and reluctantly implant blockchain technology with simple and crude games, This practice of "block chain for the sake of blockchain" undoubtedly deviates from the design intention of the game itself from the source, which is the pain point of the domestic blockchain game instry< br />
in fact, many popular games on the market do not have very complex design ideas, as long as the extremely simple operation can help white-collar workers relieve the pressure of intense work. Simple but not hasty. Users play simple games, designers often spend more time in the game development stage. For example, an Auckland miner game, which is popular in New Zealand recently, uses the mutual help between human beings and elves in the magic world to connect simple story clues, and takes the beautiful natural scenery of Auckland island under different geographical environments, such as forests, caves and glaciers, as the basis of game art design. Although the play method is simple, the picture is beautiful. Players can "hire" miners to dig gold coins with the game token. Of course, the gold mining capacity will vary with the miner's level, and different mining tools will also affect the gold mining effect. The game also has a "steal" gold coin mechanism, that is, players can invite friends to participate in the game, and in the case of friends "not in the mine", they can take the opportunity to steal the other party's gold coins, so as to quickly increase their wealth. Of course, "steal" also have a way, as long as the player requisition "guard dog" guard "mine", can avoid the loss of theft. This part of the game is very similar to the popular "stealing vegetables" game in recent years. Although it is not innovative, it caters to the interactive nature of social media, which is one of the reasons why the game can rapidly expand the overseas Chinese circle. For game users, this kind of game does not need to be thought-provoking, and they do not need to concentrate on it. Players can "steal" people's gold coins while chatting with others. I believe this kind of "secret joy" is also a small sense of achievement for many players to play this game< br />
of course, as a blockchain game, Auckland miners also provide game profit channels for players, that is, while playing the game, players can earn tokens by mining, and get appropriate returns while paying the time cost. This is also one of the important reasons why many blockchain games can attract a large number of fans< br />
the success factors of Auckland miner game are briefly analyzed, including simple game logic, interactive social attribute, token profit mechanism, and finally the art design of the game itself. The original intention of players to participate in the game is to get entertainment and relaxation from the game. Therefore, pleasing art design and game interface are also the key to the success of any game. At this point, Auckland miners game takes the beautiful natural environment of New Zealand as the background of the story, and has natural advantages, which will also help this game to become popular quickly.
Mining means that users download software from personal computers and then run specific algorithms to get corresponding bitcoin after communicating with remote servers
bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency. Internet users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual goods, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. Internet users can also use bitcoin to buy real goods
bitcoin mining system is the process of carrying out mathematical operation for bitcoin network through computer hardware, and the miners who provide services can get a reward, because the network reward is calculated according to the tasks completed by the miners, so the competition for mining is very fierce
bitcoin mining started with low-cost hardware such as CPU or GPU, but with the popularity of bitcoin, the mining process has changed greatly. Nowadays, the mining activities are transferred to the field programmable gate array, and the hash speed can be achieved through optimization. The mining efficiency of this mode is very high
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extended materials:
the founder of bitcoin:
on November 1, 2008, a person who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research statement on a secret cryptography review group, stating his new idea of e-money - bitcoin came out and the first transaction of bitcoin was completed
bitcoin has got rid of the constraints of third-party organizations with the help of Internet, which Nakamoto calls "regional chain". Users are willing to dedicate the computing power of CPU and run a special software to be a "digger", which will form a network to maintain the "regional chain". In the process, they also generate new money
trading is also extended on this network. The computer running this software can solve the problem of irreversible code, which contains several trading data
the first "miner" to deal with the problem will be rewarded with 50 bitcoin, and the relevant trading area will join the chain. As the number of "miners" increases, the difficulty of each puzzle also increases, which keeps the proctivity of bitcoin in each trading area at about 10 minutes
in 2009, Nakamoto designed a digital currency, namely bitcoin. The booming bitcoin market has gone up and down, and the identity of its founder "Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about "the father of bitcoin" involve from the US National Security Agency to financial experts, and also give bitcoin a mysterious aura
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abey blockchain technology is from Ciprian pungela & amp; Co., two doctors in the Department of artificial intelligence from the Department of computer science, School of mathematics and information, Western University of timishwara, Romania; Vorel negru's own research project. Constant lightweight blockchain technology and multi-layer programming and extended blockchain solution are adopted. The scale of abey's blockchain remains unchanged, with only 50 active blocks. Abey blockchain technology is suitable for the use of e-money in e-commerce system for mass transactions, and has multi-level, scalability and security, and can be programmed
according to the official white paper, abey is suitable for the blockchain solution in e-commerce system, which uses digital currency to carry out mass transactions and can carry out multi-layer programming and expansion
specific implementation method of abey blockchain Technology:
using a multi-level and programmable blockchain method to realize digital currency (for simplicity, we call it "DC"). This method can pave the way for the implementation of various e-commerce purposes, such as loan financing, completion of refundable transactions and non refundable transactions. In the first layer of the blockchain, we can realize the inherent digital currency design, which is commonly referred to as the base layer ("FL"). The various upper layers built on this foundation can be used to describe various additional functions related to various business driven application examples (which we will briefly introce below). All of the above levels are fully programmable, and can be easily adapted for various applications
although most of today's digital goods store transaction balance in the blockchain, abey's method is more similar to Pascal coin digital currency. This method uses what we call a "vault" encryption structure“ The "vault" structure can only save the balance of all accounts in the network, instead of a complete list of all completed transactions, and can be reconstructed in the evolution history of the blockchain. Since vault allows the deletion of useless content at any time, it can significantly rece the storage cost of blockchain. In contrast, at the time of writing this article, the storage space required to download bitcoin database is 70gb (the alarm rate is still growing, and it is expected to reach 300gb in 2019), so it is not feasible to use ultrabooks or notebooks with small storage space (such as 120GB or 256gb) to carry out mining operation. On the other hand, the size of the abey blockchain will remain unchanged, with only 50 blocks (at the time of writing, there are more than 525000 blocks in the bitcoin blockchain)
vault fully supports digital currency transfer between accounts. In addition, vault can assign an owner defined name to each account instead of using hashing algorithms like today's cryptocurrency - which makes the account easier to remember and makes the name public
one of the important functions that vault can help prevent the daily expenses of blockchain from being too high (especially those related to transaction history) is that vault can save such states and rece the size of blockchain itself by creating a secure of blockchain states. Because there is no transaction history and all accounts can save their direct balance, the blockchain information has the feature of partial erasure. All the blockchain states that can be stored can be regarded as landmarks of the blockchain
secure data sharing:
through the block chain structure design, for each transaction sent to the network, the block chain may contain encrypted metadata. The metadata can only be decrypted by the transaction recipient. For the transaction sent to the network, the sender's public key is included in the transaction, and the transaction receiver decrypts the metadata using the public key. Since the transaction receiver holds the private key for decryption, only the transaction receiver can implement the data decryption process. From the perspective of encryption method, although bitcoin is limited to elliptic curve cryptography, blockchain metadata can use any other encryption mechanism to complete the encryption process. This not only provides complete flexibility in security selection, but also does not have any adverse impact on the structure or function of the blockchain
scalability:
since the abey blockchain supports the creation of historical landmarks by design, it is very easy for the network itself to achieve high scalability from the point of view that the blockchain will always need to store (related to the latest existing SLS). This method completely eliminates the need to store transaction history to calculate the balance of all accounts, and can directly store all account balances, so as to ensure that the specific balance information provided by all nodes in the network meets the requirements of Byzantine consistency
proof of security and workload:
it is impossible to have two-way payment operation in abey's method (in the specified appropriate scenario, the vast majority of today's mainstream cryptocurrencies may theoretically have two-way payment operation). Each transaction means that the balance of the corresponding account is updated in a relatively simple way, and there is no special way to restore the transaction from the network pending transaction team. For the abey blockchain, since all technical / functional layers are built on vault, vault is the infrastructure of our blockchain, so vault is very important for mining operations. Our proposed blockchain model is composed of a series of blocks, each of which is generated by the nodes in the network who are willing to mine. All nodes in the network can update the account balance independently according to the transaction (part of the block), and are independent of other nodes. The mining operation will affect the first functional layer. In addition to updating the balance, each node can also update other matters that may belong to the upper functional layer in the composition of the blockchain structure. Once an update occurs, a new mining incentive block will be created. The mining reward block contains a number of new reward accounts that have been assigned to miners. The miner is the winner of the above reward according to the workload Certificate (currently there are 50 reward accounts). The way to reward is to distribute the public key of all such accounts to the reward recipient
blockchain technology layer:
abey's digital currency model contains a multi-layer structure, in which the first layer represents the realization of the digital currency itself (see Figure 7 for graphic explanation). The corresponding levels include:
tier 1 → digital currency (cryptocurrency): currency transfer, mining
tier 2 → refundable transaction and non refundable transaction: allowing the use of digital justice system to complete refundable transaction
Tier 3 → related parties and commission: allowing the automatic distribution of Commission to related parties
Tier 4 → contacting currency: by lending currency, Income based on interest
layer 5 → programmable: reserved for future realization of Turing complete programming model, so as to process blockchain data in a customized way (such as smart contract)
layer 6 → custom protocol: reserved for future use
transaction type:
abey mode allows different levels in blockchain through design, Complete a variety of transaction types. The transaction types in the second layer are as follows:
1 → fund transfer: fund transfer between accounts (1-to-1 transfer)
2 → refundable fund transfer: refundable transaction between accounts. Use escrow balance instead of regular account balance
3 → key change: change the key that can be used to process the account
4 → restore the account: recover funds from the lost and invalid account
5 → set account name: define the name of the account held by the founder
6 → sales preparation: mark the account for sale
7 → move out of the sales queue: remove the account sales mark, And the account is marked as non saleable
refundable transaction and mediator:
for the vast majority of cases, non refundable transaction is equivalent to all "pay to pay" transactions in blockchain based digital currency mode. But abey has introced the concept of refundable transactions into its digital currency model. In abey mode, the transaction marked with small flag belongs to refundable or non refundable transaction. In addition, in abey's blockchain network, each account contains two types of balance: regular and unchangeable balance (used to mark the amount that the account has received and can be paid immediately, but cannot be recovered after the payment) and escrow balance (including the transaction list marked as refundable transaction and the minutes of each transaction)
8 → payment dispute: for the corresponding transaction that has been marked as a refundable transaction, the payment dispute can be initiated only by the payer
9 → refund request: for the corresponding transaction previously marked as a refundable transaction, a refund request can be initiated, but only by the payer
10 → cancel escrow: cancel the escrow funds and return the funds to the payer immediately. It can only be initiated by the payee
11 → release trusteeship: release the trusteeship fund and add the amount to the balance of the payee's account immediately. It can only be initiated by the payer
related parties and commissions:
one of the important deficiencies in today's blockchain driven financial technology is the lack of the ability to provide rewards to related parties who sell specific procts or services. The third layer of abey blockchain can solve this problem< Lending digital currency:
lending digital currency is not only a simple and quick way to allow people to borrow legal tender, but also to ensure the security of encrypted assets. Given that today's valuable digital currencies are also used for transactions, the reason why lending digital currencies is feasible is not only that it allows borrowers to mortgage any type of cryptocurrency they save, but also that it is attractive because it is a way to retain their digital assets in a completely safe or very low-risk way. In addition, abey's model also provides built-in protection through the customer vault lending gateway (VLG), and enables the VLG to act as a buffer between the lender and the borrower
12 → borrowed funds: the borrower initiates transactions in the network, announces the intention of borrowing funds, and specifies the VLG account of the borrowed funds. The transaction is similar to depositing the balance of the regular / escrow account in the selected VLG account
13 → return of collateral: the transaction is initiated by the VLG itself. VLG will return the collateral to the borrower in accordance with the risk management policy
14 → loan repayment: the transaction is initiated by the borrower. If VLG accepts repayment of the loan in digital currency, the borrower may choose to repay the loan in digital currency. Under this condition, the digital monetary fund will be converted into VLG regular account balance<
programmable blockchain:
with its associated metadata payload, the layer of blockchain can be retained to allow the further creation of intelligent contracts between peers in the network by executing the grammar based "complete Turing basic programming language" according to the original blockchain data processing mode. For each payload, encryption or public visibility processing can be implemented, and can be performed in a dedicated virtual environment (similar to a virtual machine). This method can effectively protect data security and avoid the impact of data destruction and security vulnerabilities. The main advantage of this method is that this layer can create and enforce digital contracts without any blockchain specific programming. For Ben
According to reports, the coin circle, which has been silent for a long time e to the bear market, has been broken recently. This time, Li Xiaolai, who is known as the "richest man in the coin circle" by the outside world, is still standing at the muzzle of the gun
on July 4, 2018, a recording of Li Xiaolai's private conversation spread on the Internet. In this conversation, which lasted for more than 50 minutes, Li Xiaolai denounced the well-known figures and blockchain projects in the coin circle in a vulgar tone, and told the interviewees about his investment tactics as a winner
this recording sounds like an explosion of information, which once again pushed Li Xiaolai to the forefront of public opinion. Due to the sensitive words mentioned in the recording, such as "don't blindly believe in value investment", "sell air currency" and so on, Li Xiaolai was identified as the banker of "cutting leeks" in the currency circle in the later public opinion
at the same time, as a former New Oriental teacher and best-selling author, Li Xiaolai has many fans after entering the blockchain instry. But in that recording, Li Xiaolai thinks that his IP and traffic are very important in the coin circle, while disdaining blind followers
What kind of person is the real Li Xiaolai? What is his way of accumulating real wealth and investing in blockchain? What kind of world is the blockchain instry todayon July 12, 2018, Li Xiaolai received an exclusive interview with the media and responded to questions from the outside world
media: who are you most optimistic about in the blockchain instry
Li Xiaolai: Wu Jihan in mainland China. I think this person is a wounded and bloody soldier in the blockchain instry. About three years ago, I told my friends about it. If there is an opponent in the world that I may not be able to fight, it is Wu Jihan. It's just that we're not on the same track, so it's also my luck
media: your little Luo Yonghao is working hard in instry, and you are working in blockchain. What do you think of the relationship between blockchain and entities
Li Xiaolai: finance is the embodiment of real economy. Finance cannot be separated from the existence of real economy. Blockchain will certainly drive the real instry, but it is still unknown how to drive itI admire Luo Yonghao's work in the real instry. He has a higher sense of happiness than me, because making a mobile phone has a much greater sense of achievement than I do in an unknown instry, and they are more easily recognized by the society
media: did Luo Yonghao comfort you after the recording leakage
Li Xiaolai: our habit is to keep quiet when we are in trouble, because how to comfort others is a very difficult thing. But then we'll talk to each other about what happened
Li Xiaolai: do you have any other questions? Today is my birthday. I'll have dinner with my wife latercontent source: phoenix.com
1. Why is money the proct of the internal contradiction of commodity economy
1) the contradiction between private labor and social labor: the private nature of labor determines that the procts belong to private ownership, but the procts are not or mainly for the consumption of procers themselves, but for other members of society. Therefore, private procts must be included in the total social procts for distribution
2) the successful transformation of private labor into social labor can only be realized through commodity exchange
3) value can not express itself, only in the exchange of two kinds of commodities, it can be expressed through another kind of commodity. In this way, the value in commodity exchange must require the expression of value, and there must be the expression form of commodity value, which is called value form
3. What are the characteristics of the typical gold standard? What role did it play in the development of capitalism in history
1. It can melt freely and cast freely to keep stable circulation
2. Coins and bank notes can be exchanged with gold coins and circulated according to nominal value
3. Gold coins can be exported into the country freely
function: the gold standard is a relatively stable monetary system, which makes the domestic value of currency consistent with the international value. The foreign exchange market is relatively stable and will not cause currency devaluation, which has greatly promoted the development of capitalist economy and the expansion of international trade
4. Characteristics of the paper currency standard system:
the above are some of the answers. You can download more answers from the forum of Shanghai University of Finance and economics.
Alchemy: those who are not alchemy can only eat the mixture for one hour, while those who are alchemy can last for two hours
enchant: you can enchant a ring, not a professional enchant
herbal medicine: it will increase the ability of returning blood by an extra blood bottle
leather making: at present, leather making only has one more drummer than others, which is effective for the team. After level 80, it will increase the unique wristband enchantment of leather making, which is better than ordinary enchantment
skinning: you can have more critical hits than other majors
Inscriptions: after level 80, there is a special shoulder enchantment for inscriptions, which is better than ordinary shoulder enchantment
forging: after level 80, you can add Jack to your equipment, which is equal to the advantage of 2 more gems than others
Engineering: you can use bombs, rocket shoes, and special aircraft mounts for engineering. After level 80, there will be unique glove enchantment, as well as engineering rocket gloves. Of course, the most important thing is to be able to ride a motorcycle
Jewelry: several kinds of gems that can only be used by jewelry are better than ordinary gems
Mining: more enrance than non mining players, that is, the same equipment, more blood than others
tailor: after level 80, you can use the unique Cape to enchant, which is better than ordinary enchanting. You can also use the magic carpet, which is not used by other professions
in addition, the most important business skill is that you can make some raw materials into finished procts and sell them to other players to earn gold coins.