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In 2005, under the correct leadership of the municipal Party committee and the municipal government and the guidance of the Ministry of land and resources, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of land and resources conscientiously implemented a series of central policies on strengthening macro-control of economic operation, strengthened land participation in macro-control of economy, comprehensively implemented the scientific outlook on Development, and on the basis of ensuring land supply to support the healthy development of Beijing's economy and society, adopted the principle of "clear responsibilities, clear management, and comprehensive management" In the past year, we have achieved remarkable results and successfully completed the tasks of the whole year

According to the survey of land use change in Beijing in 2005, the existing land area in Beijing is 1 641 053.70 hectares, accounting for 0.17% of the total land area in China. The land utilization rate was 87.05%. Agricultural land is 1105495.30 hectares, accounting for 67.37% of the total land area, including 233400.93 hectares of cultivated land, 124213.93 hectares of garden land, 690996.11 hectares of forest land, 2044.22 hectares of pasture land and 54840.11 hectares of other agricultural land; The construction land is 323022.93 hectares, accounting for 19.68% of the total land area, including 267894.73 hectares for residential areas and instrial and mining areas, 28900.98 hectares for transportation, and 26227.22 hectares for water conservancy facilities; The unused land is 212 535.22 hectares, accounting for 12.95% of the total land area (Figure 1)

Fig.1 land use status of Beijing in 2005; The area of construction land increased by 3300.03 hectares, or 1.03% over 2004. The results showed that the area of cultivated land decreased by 3 036.28 hectares, or 1.28%, compared with that in 2004; Compared with 2004, the garden area increased by 275.88 hectares (0.22%); The area of forest land increased by 676.09 hectares (0.10%) compared with that in 2004; The area of pasture land increased by 0.88 ha (0.04%) compared with that in 2004; The area of residential areas and instrial and mining land increased by 1209.46 hectares or 0.45% over 2004

With the acceleration of rural urbanization, Beijing's economy maintained rapid development ring the Tenth Five Year Plan period, with an average annual GDP growth of 11.9%, of which the primary, secondary and tertiary instries increased by 2.7%, 11.7% and 12.3% respectively. The first instry has realized the strategic structural adjustment, and the urban modern agriculture has developed strongly

at present, the extension of urban development is growing rapidly, the extensive land use phenomenon has not been reversed, the level of economical and intensive land use is still low, and the problems of how to turn the focus on connotation and tap potential stock in land resource utilization are still prominent, which need to be solved with great efforts and effective measures. According to the statistical data, the measures of giving full play to land resources to participate in economic macro-control have initially appeared, and compared with the same period in 2004, the rection rate of cultivated land area in Beijing has slowed down (Fig. 2)

Fig.2 change trend of cultivated land area in Beijing from 1999 to 2005. All kinds of construction land accounted for 33.06% of the cultivated land area reced in the year, mainly including national key projects such as capital airport expansion, Sixth Ring Road, Beijing Chengde expressway, Airport North Line Expressway, and key projects related to the Olympic Games. ② Adjustment of agricultural structure. The city's agricultural structure adjustment accounted for 54.91% of the total cultivated land area reced in the year, mainly focusing on agricultural efficiency and farmers' income, focusing on promoting ecological agriculture, facility agriculture and foreign exchange earning agriculture, further adjusting the structure of agricultural procts planting and breeding, and optimizing the rural economic structure. ③ Ecological conversion of farmland and disaster (including natural damage and conversion of farmland to forest and animal husbandry) accounted for 8.03% of the total area of farmland reced in the year. The ecological conversion of farmland mainly concentrated in Huaibei town of Huairou District, Xitiangezhuang town and Beizhuang town of Miyun County; The main reason of farmland destroyed by the disaster is the river course destroyed by flood in Shi Town, Fangshan District; ④ The decrease of cultivated land for other reasons accounted for 4% of the decrease of cultivated land in the year. For example, it is listed in the key projects of Beijing municipal government and the water source treatment project of Yongding River in Mentougou District

(2) the balance of occupation and compensation of cultivated land strengthens the work of land development and consolidation and "balance of occupation and compensation". The Beijing Municipal Bureau of land and resources has issued the Interim Measures for land development and consolidation in Beijing, the Interim Measures for fund management of land development and consolidation projects in Beijing and other documents, which provide a system and mechanism guarantee for the scientific, reasonable and sustainable promotion of land development and consolidation, the realization of the "balance between occupation and compensation" of cultivated land, and the improvement of cultivated land quality. In 2005, 2 485.89 hectares of supplementary cultivated land were reclaimed by land consolidation and development, including 686.17 hectares of land consolidation, 258.47 hectares of land reclamation, 659.03 hectares of land development, 654.09 hectares of agricultural restructuring, and 228.13 hectares of other cultivated land, accounting for 27.60% of the total cultivated land increased in the year; 10.40%，26.51%，26.31%，9.18% The organization and implementation of these projects have improved the local people's awareness of protecting basic farmland and promoted the local farmers to increase their income and become rich. In 2005, the total amount of newly increased cultivated land occupied by construction and land consolidation, development and reclamation was balanced

In 2005, 5982.23 hectares of land (including 920.89 hectares approved by the State Council) were actually expropriated, including 2918.93 hectares of cultivated land (including 532.1 hectares approved by the State Council), 5061.34 hectares of land were expropriated, and 3605.15 hectares of agricultural land were needed, including 2386.83 hectares of cultivated land (see Table 1), The actual area of agricultural land occupied in 2005 is close to the index issued by the Ministry of land and resources. The eight goals of the capital's economic construction and development have been ensured: 1) ensuring the demand of the central government's organs and units in Beijing and the land for national defense; ② Ensure the land demand of national key projects (such as capital airport east expansion project); ③ Ensure the land demand of municipal key projects (such as 2008 Olympic venues and supporting infrastructure, Fifth Ring Road, Sixth Ring Road, Jingcheng phase I and phase II transportation projects); ④ Ensure the land demand of modern manufacturing, electronics and high-tech instrial projects (such as Benz automobile project, modern automobile supporting project, Motorola relocation project, etc.) in the city; ⑤ It supports the land demand of economic development and construction of each district and county; ⑥ To ensure the balanced development of the city's real estate demand for land; ⑦ To ensure the urban ecological construction (such as green belt construction, Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control, etc.) land demand; ⑧ It ensures the land demand of infrastructure construction and old village reconstruction in rural areas

Figure 7 ecational background of land and resources management practitioners in 2005

in 2005, the number of graates or graates who participated in the training of various colleges and universities for more than two weeks by Beijing Municipal Bureau of land and resources was 316, accounting for 49.53% of the total number of employees. Among them, 44 people studied in the Party school, 15 people studied in the school of administration, and 257 people participated in academic ecation and training in other colleges and universities

by the end of 2005, there were 126 students in Beijing Municipal Bureau of land and resources, including 1 graate student, 9 master students, 73 undergraate students and 43 junior college students

In recent years, Beijing has done some work to strengthen land management and made some achievements. At the same time, we also clearly realize that there are still many problems in the current work, mainly in the following aspects

(1) illegal land use still occurs in the city. According to the latest satellite remote sensing monitoring, under the situation of increasing law enforcement and strict land management, some districts and counties still find new illegal land use behaviors

(2) the overall efficiency of land use is not high, which is mainly reflected in the use of land resources, the strict implementation of input-output benefit evaluation is not effective enough, and the extensive extensive land use still exists

(3) the strength of land management needs to be improved, and the basic work needs to be further strengthened. Due to the land management system and mechanism over the years, the land management team in the city is relatively weak, and the quality needs to be improved. There is still a certain gap in the implementation of scientific, legal and standardized land management by using high-tech management ideas and means, The basic work still needs to be further strengthened and consolidated

The 11th Five Year Plan period is the key period for the development of the capital. During this period, the 2008 Olympic Games and other large-scale activities will be held to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China. At the same time, Beijing's economic development is in the stage of strategic adjustment of instrial structure, development of social undertakings, improvement of ecological environment and acceleration of suburban urbanization. In the next few years, Beijing's demand for construction land will still show a strong growth trend. In the face of this situation, in view of the prominent problems existing in the current land management, we need to adhere to the scientific concept of development, adhere to the conservation and intensive use of land, in order to achieve the sustainable development of economic and social security

According to the actual situation of Beijing, we have the following three suggestions for deepening reform and tightening land management

(1) in order to implement the spirit of the State Council's reply to the master plan of Beijing, and strive to realize the close connection between the master plan of land use and the master plan of Beijing and the outline of the 11th five year plan, the revised outline of the master plan of land use in Beijing has been basically completed after nearly a year's efforts. It is hoped that the overall land use planning of Beijing will be accepted and approved as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the synchronous, orderly convergence and coordinated implementation of the "three plans" of the whole city

(2) in view of the serious shortage of land reserve resources in Beijing, it is difficult to determine the amount of cultivated land, especially basic farmland, in the new round of general land use planning. It is suggested that the relevant departments of the State Council should study and consider the implementation of the pilot project of ex situ land development and consolidation in Beijing to achieve the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and hope to get the guidance and help of the relevant ministries and commissions of the state

(3) the current laws and regulations on land management are not perfect, which can not adapt to the new situation and new problems under the new situation of economic and social development, such as the strong demand for the transfer of collective construction land in the construction of new socialist countryside, the villagers' houses going upstairs in the construction of new villages, the construction of new villages, and so on It is suggested that the Ministry of land and resources should speed up the research and formulation of relevant laws and regulations