ultrain第一期挖礦發行多少

1. 寺庫如何與Ultrain結合，結合後辨別產品真偽的技術有變化嗎

辨別產品的真偽，的確是當代極為重要的課題。

2. 寺庫與Ultrain超腦信任計算合作將會產生怎樣的積極影響

首先的話這個它就相當於是一個強強聯合，也就是說如果說它合作成功將會產生影響，就是說可能說在某個方面有更加強的突破性，比如說可以加速它的發展。

3. 寺庫聯手Ultrain超腦信任計算加碼區塊鏈對行業有什麼影響

寺庫聯手Ultrain超腦信任計算加碼區塊鏈的目的是什麼，你說的應該這是一個電腦軟體的一個程序連接吧，每一個電腦在出廠的時候都有一個說明書，按照操作說明書連接就可以了

4. 求 采礦方面的 英文文獻及其中文翻譯一篇

Coal mine waste water treatment and reuse technology Comparative Study

Digest：Introced the sewage and wastewater processing resources of the latest technologies and processes, analysis and comparison of the three kinds of process options to deal with coal mine waste water system investment and operating costs, and to explore the reverse osmosis water treatment technology in the coal mine waste water treatment application The technical and economic feasibility.Coal mine waste water treatment and reuse of the consolidated operating costs for the :2.185-2 .465 yuan / ton. One membrane of the processing costs as low as: 2.185 yuan / ton. Such prices on drought and water shortage in the Northwest region is very attractive. Of mine waste water recycling, not only can rece the amount of wastewater discharge, but also can make water resource, it should be said, it is a method of water resources in the hope of regeneration, but also our country to achieve sustainable use of water resources in an effective way to .

Key words: reverse osmosis electroplating wastewater recycling。

China's large population and uneven spatial and temporal distribution of freshwater resources, water resources and socio-economic development is not balanced; population growth has increased year after year the demand of water resources, instry's rapid development has become increasingly serious water pollution, thus creating a shortfall of water resources and water pollution are increasing.At present, China's prominent contradiction between water supply and demand, there are more than 300 cities short of water, of which there are 114 cities in serious water shortages. Water supply and demand in China in the 21st century the situation was very serious water crisis will become a question of resources in the most severe punishment of all issues. To resolve this problem, in addition to the scientific management of water resources and optimizing the assigned amount, the high-tech means to bring into full play the role of the use of water resources is also very crucial.
In recent years, China's annual volume of about 400-500 million sewage M3, treated emissions from only 15-25%, e to cross-flow of sewage everywhere, so that all our major sources of water proce different degrees of pollution, a serious deterioration of water environment 【4】 .Therefore, to enhance wastewater treatment, so that not only the discharge standards but also to a large number of reuse, very necessary, which improve the water environment to ease the shortage of water resources, saving precious water resources are very important. Urban and instrial sewage has been the depth of treatment can be used for agricultural irrigation, instrial proction, urban landscape, Urban Green, life miscellaneous, groundwater recharge, and additional surface water in such applications as 【8】.Traditional water treatment technology can eliminate some air pollutants, the COD, BOD and heavy financial and other indicators of reced pollutant emission standards, or miscellaneous safety standards, but can not completely eliminate the drainage contained in the solubility of trace contaminants. Reverse osmosis membrane technology to thoroughly remove these pollutants to achieve the strict sense of the wastewater reclamation. Traditional treatment processes and membrane technology integration can be sewage or waste water into a different water quality standards for reuse water, or make it loop back to use, this would ease the contradiction between supply and demand, but also rece pollution, but also promote the development of environmental protection instry 【6】.

Sewage Wastewater Reuse Technology and Application Overview

The serious deterioration of water environment quality and the rapid economic development, and urgently requires a corresponding resource of sewage waste water technology. In this field of membrane separation technology occupies an important position and role. Membrane separation, as a high-tech in the last 40 years to develop quickly into the instrialization of the process of energy-efficient separation technology.Than 40 years, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, pervaporation, membrane contact and membrane reactions have been developed in energy, electronics, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, light instry, food and beverage instry and the daily life and environmental protection Dengjun wide range of applications received, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. The needs of the community to make membrane technology promised born, but also the needs of society to promote the rapid development of membrane technology to membrane technology innovation, technological progress, improve, and become a unit operation, to become integrated in the process of the key 【9】.

1.Continuous membrane filtration technology

Hollow fiber membrane e to large surface area membrane moles of the loading density, so compact equipment; this film made by spinning, simple process, so proction costs are generally lower than the other films: In the absence of support layer may reverse cleaning, exceptional stain resistance of some good cleaning agent on the oxidative tolerance to the emergence of a good film made in large-scale sewage treatment works, the application of hollow fiber membrane has a unique advantage 【7】.
CMF technology is the core of the high anti-pollution film, as well as compatible with membrane cleaning technology, which enables non-stop cleaning membrane cleaning, and thus to achieve a continuous treatment of liquid non-stop to ensure a continuous and efficient operation of equipment.
CMF is currently mainly used in large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant raw water the depth of the secondary settling tank treatment and reuse, desalination, or large-scale reverse osmosis pretreatment system. Surface water ground water purification, beverages, etc. to clarify the turbidity.

2.Membrane bio-reactor

Membrane bio-reactor is membrane separation technology and bio-technology combined with new technology. Used in the field of sewage waste water treatment using membrane pieces for solid-liquid separation, sludge or impurities interception return to the bio-reactor, handling the drainage of water through the membrane to form a sewage treatment membrane bioreactor system, The role of membrane moles is equivalent to conventional biological wastewater treatment systems in the secondary sedimentation tank 【4】.
MBR used in the film are flat membrane, tubular membrane and hollow fiber membrane, is currently mainly based hollow fiber membrane.
The MBR wastewater treatment, raw water sources have reached a very high water guidelines. This method is not limited to domestic wastewater treatment, MBR technology is also widely used in dyeing wastewater, scouring wastewater, meat processing, sewage water treatment systems. Another feature of MBR systems vary in size, the small device can be used for a family, large-scale installations daily processing capacity of up to tens of thousands of cubic meters.

3.Reverse Osmosis Technology

Reverse osmosis technology is the early 20th century, 60 developed a pressure-driven membrane separation technology. The technology is from seawater, brackish water desalination and developed, often referred to as "desalination technology." As the reverse osmosis technology has no phase change, component-based, process simple and convenient operation, accounting for small size, less investment, low energy consumption advantages to develop very rapidly. RO technology has been widely used in sea water, brackish water desalination, pure water, ultra-pure water preparation, chemical separation, concentration, purification, waste water resource and other fields. Projects throughout the electric power, electronics, chemicals, light instry, coal, environmental protection, medicine, food and other instries.
Water resource is incremental development of freshwater resources and the protection of the environment a al purpose. Inorganic series of wastewater treatment and seawater desalination of brackish water using the same equipment and have the more common process technology. RO can waste in copper, lead, mercury, nickel, antimony, beryllium, arsenic, chromium, selenium, ammonium, zinc ion removal addition to 90-99%.
At present, the reverse osmosis technology in urban wastewater treatment, a number of instrial waste water treatment application of the depth has been a high degree of attention, including water reuse, wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent from the depth of treatment, after primary treatment of instrial waste water depth of processing system to take high-quality fresh water. Many water-scarce countries in the Middle East, in the extensive use of reverse osmosis desalination technology, the introction of reverse osmosis technology technical processing secondary effluent, effluent quality up to TDS ≤ 80mg / L, the expansion of freshwater resources. Such as the Middle East, Australia, Singapore and other countries are examples of major projects in this area 【9】.

4.Integrated membrane process wastewater treatment methods

Integrated membrane process is ultrafiltration / microfiltration and reverse osmosis used in combination to form to meet the purpose of咱reuse wastewater treatment process.Ultrafiltration, microfiltration can be used as stand-alone high-level tertiary treatment method, is also an ideal pre-treatment process of reverse osmosis technology, anti-pollution ability, superior performance of ultrafiltration, microfiltration unit to replace the complex conventional treatment, and the water quality much higher than the three water indicators, not only can remove the sewage bacteria and suspended solids, the COD, BOD also have some effect but addition.In ultrafiltration, microfiltration after the use of reverse osmosis membranes, its traditional pre-wash cycle from 3-4 weeks to process more than six months, the membrane can prolong life for years to reach -6. Membrane integrated wastewater reclamation process has the system is stable, maintaining a small area of small, less use of chemicals, processes and operation of a simple and low cost.

Conclusion

Membrane Wastewater Treatment and Reuse of coal mine is technically entirely reliable, which has a successful experience.
With the rapid development of instry, water pollution, worsening water scarcity will become increasingly serious, instrial wastewater recycling will be referred to the agenda.
From the environmental perspective, recycling of waste water re-use of mine has a very important environmental significance.
Of mine waste water recycling, not only can rece the amount of wastewater discharge, but also can make water resource, it should be said, it is a method of water resources in the hope of regeneration, but also our country to achieve sustainable use of water resources in an effective way to .
Of membrane processes for coal mine wastewater and reuse, both technically and economically feasible, economic and environmental benefits are very significant.

References

Gang Shao. Membrane water treatment technology and engineering examples 【M】. Beijing: Chemical Instry Press, 2002.256 ~ 280.
Healy I, Binchois music. The water and use the net again. Beijing: China Building a Board Association, 1985.
【3】 Bella G. Liputaike. Environmental engineer with the book. Beijing: China Building Instry Society out of plates, 1987.
【4】 High from Kai. Membrane separation technology and water reuse 【m】 .2003 Beijing Water Forum papers .2003.9.
【5】 Feng Zhang, Xu Ping. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration membrane and its application in wastewater treatment 【M】. Membrane Science and Technology ,2003,23:234-236.
【6】 Mayao Guang, Ma Bolin. Wastewater utilization of agricultural resources. Beijing: Chemical Instry Press, 2002.45 ~ 78.
【7】 Yao Zhichun. Wastewater treatment and reuse. Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower 1999.: 56 ~ 60.
【8】 LEI Le-cheng, etc., sewage back with new technology and engineering design. Beijing: Chemical Engineering Press, .2002:453 ~ 461.
【9】 Zhang Bao cases. Reverse osmosis water treatment application technology 【M】. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2004.281 ~ 295.

煤礦礦井廢水處理回用工藝比較研究

摘要：介紹了污水、廢水處理資源化的最新技術和工藝，分析比較了三種工藝方案處理煤礦礦井廢水的系統投資和運行成本，並探討了反滲透水處理技術在煤礦礦井廢水處理中應用的技術經濟可行性.煤礦礦井廢水處理回用的綜合運行費用為：2.185-2.465元/噸。其中膜法的處理費用最低為：2.185元/噸。這樣的價格對乾旱缺水的西北地區是很有吸引力的。對礦井廢水進行回收再利用，不但可以減少廢水排放量，又可以使廢水資源化，應該說，它是一種水資源再生的希望方法，也是我國實現水資源可持續利用的有效途徑之一。

關鍵詞：反滲透電鍍廢水處理回收利用

我國人口眾多，淡水資源時空分布不均勻，水資源和社會經濟發展不均衡；人口的不斷增長又使水資源需求量逐年上升，工業的快速發展使水污染愈加嚴重，因此造成水資源缺短和水環境污染現象日趨嚴重。目前，我國水資源供需矛盾比較突出，全國有300多個城市缺水，其中有114個城市嚴重缺水。21世紀我國水資源供需形勢非常嚴重，水資源危機將成為所有資源問題中最為嚴懲的問題。要解決這一難題，除水資源的科學治理和優化配量之外，充分發揮高新科技手段在水資源利用中的作用也是十分關鍵的。

近年來，我國每年排污水量約400-500億M3，經處理後排放的僅15-25%，由於污水到處橫流，使我國各大水源都產生不同程度的污染，水環境嚴重惡化【4】。所以，加強污水深度治理，使之不僅達標排放而且還可大量回用，非常必要，這對改善水環境、緩解水資源的不足，節約寶貴的水資源都是十分重要的。城市及工業污水經過深度處理後可用於農業澆灌、工業生產、城市景觀、市政綠化、生活雜用、地下水回灌和補充地表水等方面的應用【8】。傳統水處理技術能夠消除部分污染物，將COD、BOD以及重金融等污染物指標降到安全排放標准或雜用標准，但無法完全消除排水中所含的微量溶解性污染物。採用反滲透膜技術可徹底去除這些污染物，實現嚴格意義下的污水再生。用傳統處理工藝和膜技術集成，可將污水或廢水變成不同水質標準的回用水，或使之循環回用，這樣即緩解了供求矛盾，又減少了污染，還可促進環保產業的發展【6】。

污水廢水資源化技術及應用簡介

水環境質量的嚴重惡化和經濟的高速發展，迫切要求有相應的污水廢水資源化的技術。在這一領域中膜分離技術佔有重要的位置和作用。膜分離作為一項高新技術在近40年來迅速發展成為產業化的高效節能分離技術過程。40多年，電滲析、反滲透、微濾、超濾、納濾、滲透汽化，膜接觸和膜反應過程相繼發展起來，在能源、電子、石化、醫葯衛生、化工、輕工、食品、飲料行業和日常生活及環保領域等均獲得廣泛的應用，產生了顯著的經濟和社會效益。社會的需求使膜技術應允而生，也是社會的需求促使膜技術迅速發展，使膜技術不斷創新、技術進步，完善，成為單元操作，成為集成過程中的關鍵【9】。

1.連續膜過濾技術

中空纖維膜由於比表面積大，膜組件的裝填密度大，所以設備緊湊；這種膜因紡制而成，工藝簡單，所以生產成本一般低於其它的膜：由於沒有支撐層均可以反向清洗，非凡是一些耐污染性好，對氧化性清洗劑耐受性好的膜的出現，使得在大規模的污水處理工程中，中空纖維膜的應用有獨特的優勢【7】。

CMF技術的核心是高抗污染膜以及與之相配合的膜清洗技術，可以實現對膜的不停機清洗清洗，從而做到對料液不間斷連續處理，保證設備的連續高效運行。

CMF目前主要用於大型城市污水處理廠二沉池生水的深度處理回用，海水淡化或大型反滲透系統的預處理。地表水地下水凈化、飲料澄清除濁等。

2.膜生物反應器

膜生物反應器是膜分離技術和生物技術結合的新工藝。用在污水廢水處理領域，利用膜件進行固液分離，截留的污泥或雜質迴流至在生物反應器中，處理的清水透過膜排水，構成了污水處理的膜生物反應器系統，膜組件的作用相當於傳統污水生物處理系統中的二沉池【4】。

MBR中使用的膜有平板膜、管式膜和中空纖維膜，目前主要以中空纖維膜為主。

生活污水經MBR處理後，生水水源已達到很高的水標准。此方法不僅限於處理生活污水，MBR技術也廣泛地用於染色廢水，洗毛廢水、肉類加工污水等水處理系統。MBR系統的另一個特點是規模可大可小，小裝置可用於一個家庭，大型裝置日處理量可達數萬立方米。

3.反滲透技術

反滲透技術是20世紀60年代初發展起來的以壓力為驅動力的膜分離技術。該技術是從海水、苦鹹水淡化而發展起來的，通常稱為「淡化技術」。由於反滲透技術具有無相變，組件化、流程簡單，操作方便，占面積小、投資少，耗能低等優點，發展十分迅速。RO技術已廣泛用於海水、苦鹹水淡化，純水、超純水制備，化工分離、濃縮、提純，廢水資源化等領域。工程遍布電力、電子、化工、輕工、煤炭、環保、醫葯、食品等行業。

廢水資源化是有開發增量淡水資源與保護環境雙重目的。無機系列廢水處理與海水苦鹹水淡化採用同類裝並具有較多共性工藝技術。RO可使廢液中的銅、鉛、汞、鎳、銻、鈹、砷、鉻、硒、銨、鋅等離子脫除除90-99%。

目前，反滲透技術在城市污水深度處理，一些工業廢水深度處理方面的應用受到了高度重視，包括中水回用，污水處理廠二級出水的深度處理，經初級處理後的工業廢水深度處理製取優質淡水。中東不少缺水國家，在大量採用反滲透海水淡化技術的同時，引入反滲透技技術處理二級污水，出水水質可達TDS≤80mg/L，擴大了淡水資源。如中東地區、澳大利亞、新加坡等國都有這方面的大型工程實例【9】。

4.集成膜過程污水深度處理方法

集成膜過程是將超濾/微濾與反滲透結合使用，形成能夠滿足各咱回用目的的污水深度處理工藝。超濾、微濾可以作為獨立的高級三級處理方法，也是反滲透過程理想的預處理工藝，抗污染能力強、性能優越的超濾、微濾單元代替了復雜的傳統處理工藝，而且出水品質遠高於三級出水指標，不但完全可以去除污水中的細菌和懸浮物，對COD、BOD也有一定的卻除效果。在超濾、微濾之後使用的反滲透膜，其清洗周期由採用傳統預處理工藝的3-4周增加到半年以上，膜壽命可延長到達-6年。膜集成污水再生工藝具有系統穩定、維護少、佔地小、化學品用量少、流程簡單和運行費用低等優點。

結論

煤礦礦井廢水處理回用的綜合運行費用為：2.185-2.465元/噸。其中膜法的處理費用最低為：2.185元/噸。這樣的價格對乾旱缺水的西北地區是很有吸引力的。
用膜法處理煤礦礦井廢水並回用在技術上是完全可靠的，國內外都有成功經驗。

隨著工業的快速發展，水資源的污染日益嚴重，缺水現象會越來越嚴重，工業廢水的回收利用將會提到議事日程。

從環境保護方面講，對礦井廢水進行回收再利用具有非常重要的環境意義。

對礦井廢水進行回收再利用，不但可以減少廢水排放量，又可以使廢水資源化，應該說，它是一種水資源再生的希望方法，也是我國實現水資源可持續利用的有效途徑之一。

膜法處理煤礦礦井廢水並回用，不但在技術上和經濟上都是可行的，經濟和環境效益都非常顯著。

參考文獻

邵剛.膜法水處理技術及工程實例【M】.北京：化學工業出版社，2002.256~280.

希利I，舒瓦樂.水的再凈與利用.北京：中國建築出板社，1985.

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【4】高從鍇.膜分離技術與水資源再利用【m】.2003北京水務論壇論文.2003.9.

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【6】馬耀光，馬柏林.廢水的農業資源化利用.北京：化學工業出版社，2002.45~78.

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【9】張葆宗.反滲透水處理應用技術【M】.北京：中國電力出版社，2004.281~295.