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A. 我如何三种思维方式巧妙搞定雅思口语话题:科技和互联

文章:我如何三种思维方式巧妙搞定雅思口语话题:科技和互联网

据说都是智商和情商双高哦

——对比——

Old and Young

Do old people in your country like to use apps?Are children allowed to use mobile phones in your country? How to teach older generation to use new technology?Do children like to play with toys or computer games nowadays?Is it necessary for teenagers to learn to use computers?

Paper and Electronic Versions

Do you usually write by hand or write using a computer (typewriter or word-processor)? Do you think computers might one day replace handwriting?

Gender and Place

Do you agree that men are more obsessed with new technology than women? Is there any difference between technology in cities and in small towns?

Examiner: So, any idea?

我大概会应声倒地,直接被抬出考场

Fall to the ground and get a large bump on my forehead

Be carried/lifted out of the examination room

—不慌,鸽婆给你三道锦囊妙计—

a secret master plan, instructions for dealing with an emergency, wise counsel

NO.1 泔水汤

—坦白承认你的无知—

Admit: no hands-on experience with it

不知者无罪

Take a bit of time to gather your thoughts and make sure you don’t blurt out anything that gives away that you’re—well, completely stumped.

Think Aloud:fill up any empty airspace with words to avoid awkward silences

Great question. I’m just not familiar enough with XYZ to hazard a guess.

Hmm…that’s a great question. Let me think about that.

Your question raises a great point. That’s one of the several things I just don’t know about.

事出皆有因

Honestly, I know little about it. Here's why.

因为我虽然崇敬爱因斯坦、牛顿和爱迪生

Einstein, Newton, Edison

但是一点不懂高科技和互联网

虽说手机不离手喜欢3D电影玩过虚拟现实

addictive, irresistible, get hooked; 3D movies; virtual reality

但不会打游戏没见过时光机不会科技创新

谈谈小生活

Here’s what I can tell you

偶尔浏览果壳网、科学美国人、经济学人:

Guokr, Scientific American, The Economist

苹果小米华为OPPO三星魅族荣耀

Apple, Samsung, Nokia, Honor, BlackBerry, Lenovo

支付宝、淘宝、知乎、邮箱、微信

课堂讲座电视上学过:

第一次工业革命,推进蒸汽时代

Instrial Revolution, inaugurated the Age ofSteam

第二次工业革命,步入电气时代

the Age of Electricity

第三次科技革命,来到信息时代

Scientific Revolution, Information Age/era

编程、大数据、人工智能、赛博经济

programming, big data, artificial intelligence, cybereconomy

比特币区块链、信息加密、量子通信

bitcoin, block chain, information encryption, quantum communication

新材料、煤炭清洁、空气净化

new materials, coal cleaning, air purification

干细胞、代孕、转基因、抗虫棉、人造血液

stem cells, surrogate, transgenic, insect resistant cotton, artificial blood

核能汽车、核能手表、弹道导弹

a nuclear car/watch, ballistic missile

创新链、产业链和资本链

Innovation/instrial/capital chain

深空深海深地网络空间安全和国防科技

Deep space/sea/land, cyberspace security, defense technology

逻辑推导:What, How, Why

NO.2 百味汤

—思辨性理论分析Critical Thinking—

A. 马斯洛需求层次理论

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

从对食物的需求过渡到互联网信息科技时代

对健康、安全、娱乐、爱和价值

对知识产权保护等更高级的需要

1.Biological and physiological needs- air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep.

2.Safety needs- protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.

3.Love and belongingness needs- friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

4.Esteem needs- (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). The need for respect or reputation is most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.

5.Cognitive needs- knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability.

6.Aesthetic needs- appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.

7.Self-actualization needs- realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of becoming”.

8.Transcendence needs- A person is motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self (e.g., mystical experiences and certain experiences with nature, aesthetic experiences, sexual experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.).

*simplypsychology.org/maslow

B. 全球化与殖民主义:主流文化入侵

Post-colonialism & Cultural Imperialism

Impact on Global Communication

从互联网到全球联系的增强

从科技和文化霸权看帝国殖民

从创新发展到本土文化的逐渐模糊与丧失

宗教、语言、民俗的趋同

Cultural Imperialism: the extension of influence or dominance of one nation’s culture over others, through the exportation of cultural commodities.

Global communication: the communication practice occurring across national borders, social, political, and cultural divides. The need for global communication has increased e to the expanse of globalisation.

The World Systems Theory: an inter-regional and transnational division of labour with core, periphery, and semi-periphery countries.

In its conquest of Italy, the Roman Empire imposed Latin on the people of Etruria, replacing the Etruscan language, which ultimately led tothe demise of the language and other aspects of the Etruscan culture. Then, Latin was the lingua franca and today English isthe lingua franca of global communication

The expansion of the British Empire ring the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: cultural form of imperialism, throughreligious proselytising, i.e. the imposition of Christianity on cultures with other religions.The British Empire also exerted its cultural power throughimposing ecational material on the colonies, promoting the empire through books and syllabuses, serving the interest of colonialism.

The assimilation of media:literature, film, television, Internet, and music.

US media and entertainment instries, like Hollywood and Disney, are able topenetrate the global market and export US-American cultural procts and values.

*linkedin.com/pulse/critical-examination-cultural-imperialism-its-impact-global-drysén/

C. 资本主义、信息共享与互联网

Capitalism and the Internet

资本主义剥削形式、人们工作方式的转变

new way to exploit the working class

without having to work in factories

时长加长,无形的工作与生产

more time investment, longer exploitation

enhance possibilities to enjoy their work

give rise to a new proletarian identity

eventual confrontation with capital owner

Internet is just the development of past ways of entertainment, communication and knowledge (games, libraries, letters, books, etc.) which helped spread ecation and information throughout society andlower classes as they became more and more reachable and affordable, whilst also,especially in the case of entertainment, alienating people from their nature (workers- not in a bad connotation).

New technology hastranscended the standard capitalist business model.

Intangible, conceptual assets: a large part of corporate wealth, likeintellectual property, trademarks, patents and right. Microsoft is not valued principally in physical capital assets, as was the case with big corporations in the past. What Microsoft claims to own isideas, ideas that we all need to run factories and offices and to communicate with each other.

As Thomas Jefferson put it,passing light on to another candle does not diminish the light from your own. Jefferson thought this was a good enough reason whyideas should not be treated like coal, candles and other commodities, but should be allowed to circulate freely for the common good.

*marxist.com/capitalism-internet-patents130306

*quora.com/What-would-Karl-Marx-think-about-the-internet

D. 科技创新和女权主义

Technology and Gender Gap

技术教育不足,科技行业需要却鲜有女性

男性主导、敌意的工作环境,高离职率低薪

Women have been left out of the mainstream of recorded technological development. Technology, increasingly so in instrialized societies, is male.

A feminist perspective can help us move from a hard technology society to a soft technology future in which values such asharmony with nature, subjectivity, co-operation, and non-exploitationbecome integral to technological development.

In the 1980s, women made up a little under40 percent of computer-science graates.Since then, the gender gap has grown: Currently, less than 20 percent of computer-science graates are women. In the earliest days of programming, ring World War II, building computers was deemed a macho thing, and programming was thought to be for typists. Later, when personal computers began to appear in homes and offices, they were promoted as apastime -- for boys.Contemporary bro culture has done nothing to attack this bias.

School should expand thefemale facultyand make thecurriculummore inviting to talented students withlimited exposure to computer science: assign classes according to students' past programming experience -- to prevent long-time enthusiasts fromintimidating novices.

bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-09-06/how-to-close-the-gender-gap-in-tech

The tech instry's gender imbalance is no secret – only 17% of technology specific jobs are held by women.Projects to counter the problem, from conferences to mentorship programmes, are becoming widespread but are usually aimed at women already embarking on careers.

From toys to language, teaching girls basic skills and busting gender myths from an early age could encourage more women into tech careers.

theguardian.com/careers/2017/dec/01/closing-the-tech-gender-gap-starts-in-childhood

NO.3 人参汤

—熟悉互联网双刃剑的常见论点—

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