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① 怎么用英语说做茶的过程

How is Tea Made?
Tea professionals often spend years to understand just one style of tea proction, so we certainly can't cover all of the nuances and varieties in one class. That said, tea proction falls into one of two styles (Orthodox or Non-orthodox, the latter usually being the CTC, or 'Crush-Tear-Curl,' method), and includes five basic processing steps. These steps can be adjusted depending on the style of tea being proced.
Orthodox Proction
Step 1. Plucking: The leaves are harvested by hand, usually ranging between just the unopened bud to the top three leaves and the bud, depending on the tea being created. In order to make hand plucking possible, the tea "trees" are pruned into waist-high bushes. After plucking, the leaves are sorted for uniformity and any stems, twigs, broken leaves, etc. are removed.
Step 2. Withering: The leaves are laid out to wilt and wither for several hours to prepare them for further processing. Tea leaves, even fresh tender ones, aren't very pliable. Without withering, they would shatter and crumble when rolled and shaped. During withering, the leaves are very gently fluffed, rotated and monitored to ensure even exposure to the air.
Step 3. Rolling: This is where thousands of varieties in tea appearance are created, and also where the process of developing flavor is started. The softened tea leaves are rolled, pressed or twisted to break the cell walls of the leaf, wringing out the juices inside. This exposes enzymes and essential oils in the leaf to oxygen in the air - the start of oxidation.
Step 4. Oxidation: After rolling, the leaves are laid out to rest for several hours, allowing oxidation to take place. Oxidation is the process in which the oxygen in the air interacts with the now-exposed enzymes in the leaf, turning it a reddish-brown color and changing the chemical composition. This step also has the greatest impact in the creation of the many wonderful and complex flavors in tea. The length of this process depends on the style of tea being proced and the ambient conditions at the time. Depending on the type of tea, from here the leaves could be rolled again and oxidized further, or not.
Step 5. Firing: The final step in the proction process is to "fire" or heat the leaves quickly to dry them to below 3% moisture content and stop the oxidation process. A good, even drying with very low resial moisture also ensures the tea will keep well.

CTC Proction CTC, or Crush-Tear-Curl proction is a very different process. All five steps of Orthodox processing are performed, but much more rapidly and in a limited fashion. CTC was invented specifically for the black tea instry, in an effort to save time (a single batch of tea otherwise can take over a day to proce) and money.
The three basic differences between Orthodox and CTC teas are:
1. The appearance of the leaf Orthodox proction seeks to maintain the integrity of the leaf, whether completely it's hand-made or with assistance from rolling machines and such. The tea leaves are not chopped, shredded, minced, etc. The shapes proced vary tremendously, but no matter whether it's green tea, oolong or black, Orthodox processing uses the wholeness of the leaf itself to create a diverse range of flavors in the cup. By contrast, CTC teas do not rely on the wholeness of the leaf.
2. The machinery involved CTC is proced on a machine which takes fresh, whole leaves and macerates them (crushing, tearing and curling them, hence the name). The ground up leaf is rolled into little pellets and oxidized. The tea proced visually resembles Grape Nuts cereal or large coffee grounds. Because the leaf is completely broken up, every part of the process moves very quickly. A whole batch can take just two hours. In Orthodox processing, while some tea leaves can look very small at the end, the leaves are never intentionally cut or torn apart. They are carefully rolled and handled just enough to proce a certain flavor, and their proction relies on true tea artisans who have trained for years - in many cases, generations - to make that specific tea.
3. The flavor profile As mentioned, CTC was invented specifically for black tea proction. These fast-infusing teas are ideal for the tea bag instry, as well as for use in spicy chai blends and iced tea (because of the color). Their flavor is very one-dimensional: bold, powerful and brightly coloring with a pungent astringency. Orthodox teas - because the leaf is not treated the same way - don't proce this type of color and body. However, CTC cannot proce the tremendous range of flavor and aroma which Orthodox teas are loved for. First of all, you can't use the CTC method to make white teas, oolongs, etc. The shredded leaf oxidizes too quickly. There are a few CTC green teas, but this is accomplished by steaming the leaves to prevent oxidation. That's about as elaborate as it gets. Secondly, because Orthodox proction requires so much time, the tea maker is able to draw out and develop very nuanced flavors. Everything done to the leaf will alter the flavor of the tea.

Why roll tea leaves?
Orthodox teas can be found in an incredible variety of shapes and sizes, from long needles to tightly rolled gunpowder balls. In China especially, the quality and style of the leaf is prized as much or more than the actual taste of the brew.
The practice of rolling tea leaves helps to preserve the essential oils, which contribute to the wonderful aroma of tea. Tightly rolled teas also store better, which was important in the early days of tea trade, as the journey from place to place could take months or years.
The CTC process of chopping the leaves into small, uniform pieces makes it impossible for the leaf to hold on these essential oils. CTC teas also lose their flavor and quality much more quickly. Loose tea, if properly stored, can keep for up to 2 years. CTC teas typically keep their best taste for only 4-6 months.
The reality of the tea bag instry is that, by the time the tea bag reaches the customers cup, the tea is often already more than 6 months old and is past its prime. To combat this, some specialty tea companies are now offering whole leaf teas in larger, pyramid bags or sachets. These new offerings make it possible to sell the same tea in a bag that one might find loose in the world's finest tea shops. While this IS possible, buyer beware - most bagged teas are still not very fresh.

② 痉挛性斜颈是后天才有的吗

临床观察发现，其中70%～80%的病例见于左侧，10%～20%的患儿伴有先天性髋关节脱位。在病理解剖方面，仅能证实形成胸锁乳突肌挛缩的组织主要是已经变性的纤维组织。其中病情严重者肌纤维完全破坏消失，细胞核大部分溶解，部分残留的核呈不规则浓缩状;中间可能出现再生的横纹肌及新生的毛细血管，亦可发现成纤维细胞，对这种现象的出现目前有以下几种见解。
1.宫内胎位学说早于Hippoerates时代即已提出畸形多系胎儿在子宫内姿势不正引起的压力改变所致。近年来的研究亦表明，此种由于压应力改变所致的胸锁乳突肌发育压抑是斜颈畸形的主要原因之一。
2.血运受阻学说无论是供应胸锁乳突肌的动脉支还是其静脉支，当闭塞时，即可引起肌肉的纤维化，此可从实验性研究中得到证实此种见解尚未被大家普遍接受。
3.遗传学说临床调查发现，约有1/5的患儿有家族史且多伴有其他部分的畸形。表明其与遗传因素亦有一定关系。
4.产伤学说先天性斜颈多发生于难产分娩的病例，尤其是臀位产者，约占3/4病例但反对者认为，在组织病理学检查时，从未在纤维化的胸锁乳突肌中发现有任何含铁血黄素痕迹可见因此推测其并非因产伤所致。

③ 帮忙翻译一份资料，内容有点多，好的再追加30分

早年生活

瑞安Martinie长大，发挥正常，伊利诺伊州的低音。他的父亲给了他在12岁，第一次低音，当时他开始挑选Metallica的歌曲教自己。
他研究了爵士贝司，并赢得了一些古典声乐高中奖项。 [1]他也成了兴趣剑吞咽。

他在一梦剧院风格前卫摇滚乐坛称为残破。[编辑]断祭坛莱阿尔德里奇（吉他手）和西恩帕特里克（鼓手）前成员加入重金属的布卢明顿，伊利诺伊州乐队LowTwelve。[编辑]
编辑]设备

[编辑]贝司

主要低音：5华威拇指低音弦，乌木指板，硬铬，镍烦恼的。

录音设置：全部过Ampeg钻机，加上驻波每个劳动者的10头驾驶格雷格特利拜特的梅萨布吉4x12吉他柜增加中端和高端。 [2]

传记

瑞安Martinie长大发挥Peiora，白细胞介素低音。他研究了爵士贝司，并赢得了一些古典声乐高中奖项。他还到剑swollowing。他早期的一些影响，包括吉米亨德里克斯，披头士，海滩男孩和几个大乐队爵士乐团体。他在梦剧院风格前卫摇滚乐坛被称为断。

1996年，Mudvayne成立。他们最初有不同的大提琴手。 1997年，仍与旧的贝司手，Mudvayne发行了第一张CD：杀人，我Oughta。然而在1998年，在看到残破的祭坛，生活，Mudvayne要求瑞安加入他们的乐队。虽然他不愿留在第一残破的祭坛，他加入后，认识到他们对自己的乐队严重Mudvayne。

2000年，Mudvayne发布L.D. 50，其突破性专辑。他们来到陌生的穿着上油漆现场，面对沉重的音乐播放。 2001年，Mudvayne公布的万物的开始到结束，这是一个重新的第一张专辑，杀死释放，我Oughta，连同其单一挖掘现场录音。

秉的声音

瑞安incorperates到他扮演许多影响和风格。他是受爵士，放克，经典摇滚和重金属。他用耳光，双掴（一掴技术用于获得额外的速度）和指弹。他的演奏低音独特的方式增加了一个层面Mudvayne。

④ 帮我翻译下翻译为英文 化工的 谢谢了

Three-way catalyst (TWC) is the control of vehicle exhaust pollution one of the most effective means. Ce zirconium solid solution (CZ) because of its good performance was stored oxygen to the extensive use of three-way catalyst. Baptist in the exhaust gas in the process involves a lot of reaction, the reaction between the complex interaction, so the response of the network it is particularly important. This study used sol - gel synthesis of the cerium zirconium solid solution, a volume impregnation load 0.5% of the precious metal Pd, in order to examine the aging treatment on the catalytic activity of the fresh samples in 950 ℃ and 1050 ℃ with 10% H2O An atmosphere of thermal aging water treatment. Major research atmosphere at the different reactions to the CO and C3H8 catalytic activity of the law. By XRD Characterization of the samples crystalline structure and surface patterns, use of BET inspected samples of the surface area catalytic activity. And the samples stored oxygen performance of the study.
Key words: Three-way catalyst; cerium zirconium solid solution; storage of oxygen; palladium; water gas conversion reaction; reforming reaction