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⑴ 急需!!英文圖書出版合同哪位有
Publishing Contract
AGREEMENT
made this <<daynumber>> day of <<month>>, <<year>>
between <<Author's name>>, whose residence address is <<Author's address>> (hereinafter called the Author); and INDEX Books whose principal place of business is at Leiden, The Netherlands - email [email protected] (hereinafter called the Publisher);
WITNESSETH:
In consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties agree as follows:
1. GRANT
The author hereby grants and assigns to the Publisher the exclusive rights to publish in the English language in book form in all countries of the world, a Work now entitled <<Title of book>> (hereinafter called the Work), which title may be changed only by mutual consent in writing.
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
The Author represents that he is the sole proprietor of the Work and that the Work to the best of his knowledge does not contain any libelous matter and does not violate the civil rights of any person or persons, does not infringe any existing right and has not heretofore been published in book form. The Author shall hold harmless and indemnify the publisher from any recovery finally sustained by reason of any violations of right or other property of personal right; provided, however, that the Publisher shall with all reasonable promptness notify the Author of any claim or suit which may involve the warranties of the Author hereunder; and the Author agrees fully to cooperate in the defense thereof. The warranties contained in this article do not extend to drawings, illustrations, insofar as not furnished by the Author, or to any other material not furnished by the Author.
3. DELIVERY
The Author agrees to deliver to the publisher, a complete typewritten script as well as a complete electronic text of the Work in a format to be determined by the Publisher (hereinafter called the Script). If the Script shall not have been delivered within three (3) months after the date this agreement is signed the Publisher may, at its option, terminate this agreement by notice in writing posted or delivered to the Author.
4. PUBLICATION
The Publisher agrees to publish the Work in book form at its own expense at a catalogue retail price of not less than $60 per not later than twelve months after the delivery of the completed Work. In the event of delay from causes beyond the control of the Publisher, the publication date may be postponed accordingly, but not to exceed eighteen months from the delivery of the completed work.
5. COPYRIGHT
The Publisher, upon first publication of the Work, agrees ly to right it with the relevant authority in the Netherlands in the name of the Author, and to take all necessary steps to protect the right under the Universal Copyright Convention. The Author shall, upon the termination of the first term, make timely application for renewal of right under then existing right law and, provided this agreement shall then be in force and effect, the Author agrees to assign to the Publisher, for the renewal term of the right, the rights herein granted to the Publisher.
6. EDITING AND PROOFREADING
The Publisher shall make no changes in, additions to, or eliminations from the manuscript without the consent of the Author, and in order to obtain such consent, shall submit the -edited manuscript to the Author for his approval. The Author agrees to return such proof to the Publisher with his corrections within thirty (30) days of the receipt thereof by him. The cost of alterations required by the Author, other than corrections of typesetting errors, in excess of fifteen percent (15%) of the original cost of composition, shall be charged against the earnings of the Author under this agreement or shall, at the option of the Publisher, be paid by the Author in cash; provided, however, that the Publisher shall upon request promptly furnish to the Author an itemized statement of such additional expenses, and shall make available at the Publisher's office the corrected proof for inspection by the Author or his representatives.
7. ROYALTIES AND LICENSES
The Publisher shall pay to the Author or his ly authorized representatives, the following advances and royalties;
(a) A royalty of ten percent (10%) of the retail price thereof on all copies of the Work sold less returns.
(b) Fifty percent (50%) of the proceeds of any license granted to another Publisher to bring out a reprint edition of the Work.
(c) No royalties shall be payable of copies furnished to the Author or on copies for review, sample, or other similar purposes, or on copies destroyed.
The Author or his ly authorized representatives shall have the right upon written request to examine the books of account of the Publisher insofar as they relate to the Work and any other of the Author's works under contract to the Publisher. Such examination shall be at the cost of the Author unless errors of accounting amounting to five percent (5%) or more of the total sum paid to the Author shall be found to his disadvantage, in which case the cost shall be borne by the Publisher.
8. OVERPAYMENT
In all instances in which the Author shall have received an overpayment of monies under the terms hereof, the Publisher may dect such overpayment from any further sums payable to the Author in respect to the Work.
9. NOTIFICATION AND PAYMENT
The Publisher agrees promptly to advise the Author of the terms of any contracts entered into for any grant or license permitted under this agreement whenever the Author's share of the proceeds or royalty is one hundred dollars ($100.00) or more. Such contracts shall be made available by the Publisher to the Author or his representative at the office of the Publisher, and a thereof will be furnished the Author upon his written request. The Author's share of such proceeds or royalty shall be promptly paid to him upon receipt by the Publisher.
10. AUTHOR'S COPIES
The Author shall be permitted to purchase copies for his personal use at a discount of forty percent (40%) of the retail price.
11. STATEMENTS AND PAYMENTS
The Publisher agrees to render semi-annual statements on July 31 and January 31 in each year following the publication hereof, showing an account of sales and all other payments e hereunder to June 31 and December 31 preceding said respective accounting dates. Payment then e shall accompany such statements.
12. REVERSION AND TERMINATION
(a) At any time after two years from the date of first publication, but not before, the Publisher may on three months' notice in writing to the Author or his representative discontinue publication, and in that event this agreement shall terminate and all rights hereunder shall revert to the Author at the expiration of said three (3) month period.
(b) If the Publisher shall, ring the existence of this agreement, default in the delivery of semi-annual statements or in the making of payments as herein provided and shall neglect or refuse to deliver such statements or make such payments, or any of them, within thirty (30) days after written notice of such default, this agreement shall terminate at the expiration of such thirty (30) days without prejudice to the Author's claim for any monies which may have accrued under this agreement or to any other rights and remedies to which the Author may be entitled.
(c) If the Publisher shall fail to publish the Work within the period in Paragraph 4 provided, or otherwise fail to comply with or fulfill the terms and conditions hereof, or in the event of bankruptcy, etc., as in Paragraph 13 hereof provided, this agreement shall terminate and the rights herein granted to the Publisher shall revert to the Author. In such event all payments theretofore made to the Author shall belong to the Author without prejudice to any other remedies which the Author may have.
(d) Upon the termination of this agreement for any cause under this Article or Article 13 hereof, all rights granted to the Publisher shall revert to the Author for his use at any time and the Publisher shall return to the Author all property originally furnished by the Author.
13. BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY
If a petition in bankruptcy shall be filed by or against the Publisher, or if it shall be adjudged insolvent by any court, or if a Trustee or a Receiver of any property of the Publisher shall be appointed in any suit or proceeding by or against the Publisher, or if the Publisher shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or shall take the benefit of any bankruptcy or insolvency Act, or if the Publisher shall liquidate its business for any cause whatsoever, this agreement shall terminate automatically without notice, and such termination shall be effective as of date of the filing of such petition, adjudication, appointment, assignment or declaration or commencement of reorganization or liquidation proceedings, and all rights granted hereunder shall thereupon revert to the Author.
14. RESERVED RIGHTS
All rights in the Work now existing, or which may hereafter come into existence, not specifically herein granted are reserved to the Author for his use at any time. Reserved publication rights include, but are not limited to, the right to publish or cause to be published in any form, excerpts, summaries of the Work, thereof, not to exceed seventy-five hundred (7,500) words in length.
15. ASSIGNMENT
No assignment of this contract, voluntary or by operation of law, shall be binding upon either of the parties without the written consent of the other; provided, however, that the Author may assign or transfer any monies e or to become e under this agreement.
16. ARBITRATION
Any controversy or claim arising out of this agreement or the breach thereof shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules then obtaining. Such arbitration shall be held in the City of Leiden unless otherwise agreed by the parties. The Author may, at his option, in the case of failure to pay royalties, refuse to arbitrate, and pursue his legal remedies.
17. NOTICES
Any written notice required under any of the provisions of this agreement shall be deemed to have been properly served by delivery in person or by mailing the same in paper or by electronic means to the parties hereto at the addresses set forth above, except as the addresses may be changed by notice in writing; provided, however, that notices of termination shall be sent by registered mail.
18. WAIVER
A waiver of any breach of this agreement or of any of the terms or conditions by either party thereto, shall not be deemed a waiver of any repetition of such breach or in any wise affect any other terms or conditions hereof; no waiver shall be valid or binding unless it shall be in writing, and signed by the parties.
19. INFRINGEMENT
If ring the existence of this agreement the right shall be infringed, the Publisher may, at its own cost and expense, take such legal action, in the Author's name if necessary, as may be required to restrain such infringement or to seek damages therefor. The Publisher shall not be liable to the Author for the Publisher's failure to take such legal steps. If the Publisher does not bring such an action, the Author may do so in his name at his own cost and expense. Money damages recovered for an infringement shall be applied first toward the repayment of the expense of bringing and maintaining the action, and thereafter the balance shall belong to the Author, provided, however, that any money damages recovered on account of a loss of the Publisher's profits shall be divided equally between the Author and the Publisher.
20. DOCUMENTS
If any of the rights granted to the Publisher revert to the Author, the Publisher shall execute all documents which may be necessary or appropriate to revest all such rights in the Author.
21. LAW
This agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the Netherlands and the European Union.
22. INHERITANCE
This agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of the Author, and upon and to the successors and assigns of the Publisher.
23. ALTERATION
This agreement may not be modified, altered or changed except by an instrument in writing signed by the Author and the Publisher.
24. APPROVAL
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the Publisher shall obtain the Author's written advance approval of any jacket or cover design, including the text thereof, to be used in connection with the Work, and of any contracts with third parties for the publication of the Work; which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.
X______________________________
X____________________________
AUTHOR
Witness for the Author
X______________________________
X____________________________
PUBLISHER
Witness for the Publisher
⑵ 翻譯英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻譯是一種專業的翻譯，翻譯的時候一定要慎重，很多細節需要注意一下。在英文合同翻譯中，前提條件是弄懂合同的定義，包括合同中應有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定義
在英文中，合同一般稱為Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主體之間設立的確定民事權利和義務的
協議。合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。
它們（要約和承諾構成的）由協議、約因、設立法律關系的願望和締約能力四大部分組成。
第二，英文合同的結構特點
合同類法律文件用以規定當事人的權利與義務，是預防與解決爭議的依據。合同英語行文縝密而准確，歷史悠久，深含法律文
化底蘊。 中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然後是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職
務及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called 「 Party A 」)and Party B(hereinafter called 「 Party B 」)然後是開始陳述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:接著是正文，最後是證明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
隨後還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(formal term)
合同英語的用詞極其考究，具有特定性。要求選詞專業化（professional）、正式（formal）、准確（accurate）。具體體現
在下列方面：may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)對學過英語的人來說再
熟悉不過了，但在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。 權利義務的約定部分構成了合同的主體。這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。 may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什麼），shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什麼時候），must用於強制性義務（必須做什麼
），may not (或shall not)用於禁止性義務（不得做什麼）。may do不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do或ought to
do， may not do正式用語（formal term） 合同英語有著嚴肅的風格，與其它英語作品有著很大不同之處。例如： 「因為」的短語多用「by virtue of 」，遠遠多於「e to」，一般不用「because of 」； 「財務年度末」一般用「at the close of the fiscal year」，而不用「in the end of the fiscal year」； 「在……之前」一般用「prior to」，而不用「before」； 「關於」用「regards」，「concerning」或「relating to」，而不會用「about」； 「事實上」用「in effect」，而不用「in fact」；「開始」
用「commencement」，而不用「start」或「begin"； 「停止做」用「cease to do」，而不用「stop to do」； 「何時開會並由某某主持」的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 「其他事項」用「miscellaneous」，而不用「other matters/events」； 「理解合同」用「construe a contract」或
「comprehend a contract」，而不用「understand a contract」; 「認為」用
「deem」，用「consider」少，不用「think」或「believe」；
用詞專業（technical terms） 合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉移，它是合同語言准確表達的保障。如合同出現的「瑕疵」、「救濟」、「不可抗力」
、「管轄」、「損毀」、「滅失」等就可能讓非行業人士費解，用以上英語表達分別為defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外幾乎每個合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虛詞，就其中幾個細說： 比如：1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，茲等意。常用於法律文件、合同協議的正式文件的開頭
語，在條款中需要強調時也可用。舉原文說明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意為 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意為in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是關系代詞，相當於that， which，把要限定的詞置於such與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確，避免合同雙方在
理解上發生爭議。 其它的還有： 「賠償」用「indemnities」，而不用「compensation」 「不動產出讓」用「conveyance」，而不用「transfer of real estate」「房屋出租」用「tenancy」，而「財產出租」用「lease of property」「停業」用「wind up a business」或「cease (名詞是cessation) a business」，而不用「end/stop a business」。 還款或專利申請的「寬限期」英文為「grace」， 「當事人在破產中的和解」用「composition」 「依照合同相關規定」一般說成「pursuant to provisions contained herein」或「as provided herein」等，不說成
「according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract」。「合同任何一方當事人不得轉讓本合同」英文表述為「Neither party hereto may assign this contract」，其中「hereto
」表示「to the contract」，選用「Neither party to the contract」較少。2.同義詞、近義詞、相關詞的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在這里的同義詞和近義詞並列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。這是出於嚴謹和杜絕漏洞的考慮，有的也屬於合同用語的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中「made and entered into」和「by
and between」兩組分別屬於同義詞和相關詞並列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中「for and in consideration of 」， 「covenants and agreements」三組同義司和近義詞並列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 這
里的「on the terms」和「subject to the conditions」是一個意思，都表示「依照本協議的條款規定」。合同條款的固定模式
是「terms and conditions」
再例如：「Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date」，一句的「release」和「discharge」的意思幾乎相同。並列的詞還有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。第四，英文合同翻譯中的注意事項
實踐證明，英文合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說不是大的陳述性條款，而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目。比如：金錢、時間、
數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。A. 限定責任 眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的許可權與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。
現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中「甲和乙+甲或乙」的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.by and between 常用by and between強調合同是由「雙方」簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同的責任。例2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買
出售下列商品並簽訂本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定時間英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是准確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，
常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。雙介詞 用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚於5月1日，支付現金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用「not (no) later
than +日期」英譯「不遲於某月某日」。例5：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲於12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.include的相應形式 。常用include的相應形式：inclusive、including和included來限定含當日在內的時間。例6：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為till and not including January 1。大寫文字重復金額英譯金額須在小寫之後，在括弧內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也必須加
上大寫。在大寫文字前加上「SAY」，意為「大寫」；在最後加上「ONLY」意思為「整」。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一
致。例7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).正確使用貨幣符號 。英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。「$」既可代表「美元」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而「
￡」不僅代表「英鎊」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：
Can $891，568，不能寫成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻譯時還要特別注意金額中是小數點(.)還是分節號(，)，因為這兩個符號極
易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其後果是不堪設想的。
⑶ 翻譯英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻譯是一種專業的翻譯，翻譯的時候一定要慎重，很多細節需要注意一下。在英文合同翻譯中，前提條件是弄懂合同的定義，包括合同中應有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定義
在英文中，合同一般稱為Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主體之間設立的確定民事權利和義務的
協議。合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。
合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。
它們（要約和承諾構成的）由協議、約因、設立法律關系的願望和締約能力四大部分組成。
第二，英文合同的結構特點
合同類法律文件用以規定當事人的權利與義務，是預防與解決爭議的依據。合同英語行文縝密而准確，歷史悠久，深含法律文
化底蘊。 中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然後是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職
務及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called 「 Party A 」)and Party B(hereinafter called 「 Party B 」)
然後是開始陳述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接著是正文，最後是證明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
隨後還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(formal term)
合同英語的用詞極其考究，具有特定性。要求選詞專業化（professional）、正式（formal）、准確（accurate）。具體體現
在下列方面：
may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)對學過英語的人來說再
熟悉不過了，但在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。 權利義務的約定部分構成了合同的主體。這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。 may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什麼），shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什麼時候），must用於強制性義務（必須做什麼
），may not (或shall not)用於禁止性義務（不得做什麼）。may do不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do或ought to
do， may not do
正式用語（formal term） 合同英語有著嚴肅的風格，與其它英語作品有著很大不同之處。例如： 「因為」的短語多用「by virtue of 」，遠遠多於「e to」，一般不用「because of 」； 「財務年度末」一般用「at the close of the fiscal year」，而不用「in the end of the fiscal year」； 「在……之前」一般用「prior to」，而不用「before」； 「關於」用「regards」，「concerning」或「relating to」，而不會用「about」； 「事實上」用「in effect」，而不用「in fact」；「開始」
用「commencement」，而不用「start」或「begin"； 「停止做」用「cease to do」，而不用「stop to do」； 「何時開會並由某某主持」的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 「其他事項」用「miscellaneous」，而不用「other matters/events」； 「理解合同」用「construe a contract」或
「comprehend a contract」，而不用「understand a contract」; 「認為」用
「deem」，用「consider」少，不用「think」或「believe」；
用詞專業（technical terms） 合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉移，它是合同語言准確表達的保障。如合同出現的「瑕疵」、「救濟」、「不可抗力」
、「管轄」、「損毀」、「滅失」等就可能讓非行業人士費解，用以上英語表達分別為defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外幾乎每個合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虛詞，就其中幾個細說： 比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，茲等意。常用於法律文件、合同協議的正式文件的開頭
語，在條款中需要強調時也可用。舉原文說明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意為 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意為in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是關系代詞，相當於that， which，把要限定的詞置於such與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確，避免合同雙方在
理解上發生爭議。 其它的還有： 「賠償」用「indemnities」，而不用「compensation」 「不動產出讓」用「conveyance」，而不用「transfer of real estate」「房屋出租」用
「tenancy」，而「財產出租」用「lease of property」「停業」用「wind up a business」或「cease (名詞是cessation) a business」，而不用「end/stop a business」。 還款或專利申請的「寬限期」英文為「grace」， 「當事人在破產中的和解」用「composition」 「依照合同相關規定」一般說成「pursuant to provisions contained herein」或「as provided herein」等，不說成
「according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract」。「合同任何一方當事人不得轉讓本合同」英文表述為「Neither party hereto may assign this contract」，其中「hereto
」表示「to the contract」，選用「Neither party to the contract」較少。
2.同義詞、近義詞、相關詞的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在這里的同義詞和近義詞並列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。這是出於嚴謹和杜絕漏洞的考慮，有的也屬於合同用語的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中「made and entered into」和「by
and between」兩組分別屬於同義詞和相關詞並列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中「for and in consideration of 」， 「covenants and agreements」三組同義司和近義詞並列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 這
里的「on the terms」和「subject to the conditions」是一個意思，都表示「依照本協議的條款規定」。合同條款的固定模式
是「terms and conditions」
再例如：「Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date」，一句的「release」和「discharge」的意思幾乎相同。並列的詞還有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。
第四，英文合同翻譯中的注意事項
實踐證明，英文合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說不是大的陳述性條款，而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目。比如：金錢、時間、
數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。A. 限定責任 眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的許可權與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。
現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中「甲和乙+甲或乙」的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
by and between 常用by and between強調合同是由「雙方」簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同的責任。例2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買
出售下列商品並簽訂本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定時間英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是准確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，
常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。
雙介詞 用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚於5月1日，支付現金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用「not (no) later
than +日期」英譯「不遲於某月某日」。例5：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲於12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
include的相應形式 。常用include的相應形式：inclusive、including和included來限定含當日在內的時間。例6：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為till and not including January 1。
大寫文字重復金額英譯金額須在小寫之後，在括弧內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也必須加
上大寫。在大寫文字前加上「SAY」，意為「大寫」；在最後加上「ONLY」意思為「整」。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一
致。例7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
正確使用貨幣符號 。英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。「$」既可代表「美元」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而「
￡」不僅代表「英鎊」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：
Can $891，568，不能寫成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻譯時還要特別注意金額中是小數點(.)還是分節號(，)，因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其後果是不堪設想的。
希望採納哦！
⑷ 翻譯英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些呢我第一次翻譯合同不太會啊，求有經驗的人幫忙解答！
合同翻譯是一種專業的翻譯，翻譯的時候一定要慎重，很多細節需要注意一下。你可以找專業的合同翻譯公司---語美多翻譯公司，幫助你翻譯這些合同文件。一下是翻譯英文合同注意的一些事項，你可以看下。
在英文合同翻譯中，前提條件是弄懂合同的定義，包括合同中應有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定義
1.在英文中，合同一般稱為Contract或者Agreement。
1999年中國《合同法》第二條將contract定義為：A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing，
modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing， that is， between
natural persons， legal persons or other organizations」。根據這一定義，合同平等主體之間設立的確定民事權利和義務的
協議。
Steven H. Gifts編著的「Law Dictionary」中將contract 定義為「Contract is a promise，or a set of promises，for
breach of which the law gives remedy，or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a ty.」根
據這一定義，合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。
2. 合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。
它們（要約和承諾構成的）由協議、約因、設立法律關系的願望和締約能力四大部分組成。
L.B Curzon編著的「A Diction of Law」提到：「Contract generally involves」
1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance (要約和絕對接受)
2. consensus ad idem (意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)
3. intention to create legal relations (建立合同關系的意願)
4. genuineness of consent (同意的真實性)
5. contractual capacity of the parties (合同當事人的締約能力)
6. legality of object(標的物的合法性)
7. possibility of performance (履行的可能性)
8. certainty of terms(條款的確定性)
9. valuable consideration(等價有償)
第二，英文合同的結構特點
合同類法律文件用以規定當事人的權利與義務，是預防與解決爭議的依據。合同英語行文縝密而准確，歷史悠久，深含法律文
化底蘊。
中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然後是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職
務及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called 「 Party A 」)and Party B(hereinafter called 「 Party B 」)
然後是開始陳述：
WHEREAS...THEREFORE
... It is hereby agreed as follows:
或以：
WITNESSETH， WHEREAS...
NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接著是正文，最後是證明部分：
IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
隨後還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(formal term)
合同英語的用詞極其考究，具有特定性。要求選詞專業化（professional）、正式（formal）、准確（accurate）。具體體現
在下列方面：
1． may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)對學過英語的人來說再
熟悉不過了，但在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。
權利義務的約定部分構成了合同的主體。這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。
may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什麼），shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什麼時候），must用於強制性義務（必須做什麼
），may not (或shall not)用於禁止性義務（不得做什麼）。may do不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do或ought to
do， may not do，在美國一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但絕不能用can not do或must not)，例如，在約定解決爭議的途徑
時，可以說：
The parties here to shall， first of all， settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract
by friendly negotiations.
Should such negotiations fail， such dispute may be referred to the People』s Court having jurisdiction on
such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of
agreement reached after such dispute occurs.
本句中的shall和may表達准確。出現爭議後應當先行協商，所以採用了義務性「約定」，如果協商解決不了，作為當事人的權
利，用選擇性約定may也很妥當。如果may和shall調換位置會怎麼樣？前半句的shall換用may後，意思變成了當事人可以通過協商
解決，意思上說得過去，但後半句的may換用shall後，變成了應當訴訟解決，好像一出事，就要先見官，這就有些不友好了。
本句可譯：雙方首先應通過友好協商，解決因合同而發生的或與合同有關的爭議。如果協商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議
發生後未就仲裁達成共識的，可將爭議提交給有管轄權的人民法院解決。
2．正式用語（formal term）
合同英語有著嚴肅的風格，與其它英語作品有著很大不同之處。
例如：
「因為」的短語多用「by virtue of 」，遠遠多於「e to」，一般不用「because of 」；
「財務年度末」一般用「at the close of the fiscal year」，而不用「in the end of the fiscal year」；
「在……之前」一般用「prior to」，而不用「before」；
「關於」常用「as regards」，「concerning」或「relating to」，而不會用「about」；
「事實上」用「in effect」，而不用「in fact」；
「開始」用「commencement」，而不用「start」或「begin」；
「停止做」用「cease to do」，而不用「stop to do」；
「何時開會並由某某主持」的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.
「其他事項」用「miscellaneous」，而不用「other matters/events」；
「理解合同」用「construe a contract」或「comprehend a contract」，而不用「understand a contract」;
「認為」用「deem」，用「consider」少，不用「think」或「believe」；
3.用詞專業（technical terms）
合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉移，它是合同語言准確表達的保障。如合同出現的「瑕疵」、「救濟」、「不可抗力」
、「管轄」、「損毀」、「滅失」等就可能讓非行業人士費解，用以上英語表達分別為defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外幾乎每個合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虛詞，就其中幾個細說：
比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，茲等意。常用於法律文件、合同協議的正式文件的開頭
語，在條款中需要強調時也可用。舉原文說明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中：
★hereby意為 by reason of this，特此的意思。
★ therein意為in the Works在本工程中。
★ such...as是關系代詞，相當於that， which，把要限定的詞置於such與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確，避免合同雙方在
理解上發生爭議。
其它的還有：
「賠償」用「indemnities」，而不用「compensation」
「不動產轉讓」用「conveyance」，而不用「transfer of real estate」
「房屋出租」用「tenancy」，而「財產出租」用「lease of property」
「停業」用「wind up a business」或「cease (名詞是cessation) a business」，而不用「end/stop a business」。
還款或專利申請的「寬限期」英文為「grace」，
「當事人在破產中的和解」用「composition」
「依照合同相關規定」一般說成「pursuant to provisions contained herein」或「as provided herein」等，不說成
「according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract」。
「合同任何一方當事人不得轉讓本合同」英文表述為「Neither party hereto may assign this contract」，其中「hereto
」表示「to the contract」，選用「Neither party to the contract」較少。
4．同義詞、近義詞、相關詞的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在這里的同義詞和近義詞並列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。這是出於嚴謹和杜絕漏洞的考慮，有的也屬於合同用語的固定模式。如：
This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中「made and entered into」和「by
and between」兩組分別屬於同義詞和相關詞並列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中「for and in consideration of 」， 「covenants and agreements」三組同義司和近義詞並列。
The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 這
里的「on the terms」和「subject to the conditions」是一個意思，都表示「依照本協議的條款規定」。合同條款的固定模式
是「terms and conditions」
再例如：「Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date」，一句中的
「release」和「discharge」的意思幾乎相同。
並列的詞還有：
ships and vessels
support and maintenance
licenses and permits
charges， fees， costs and expenses
any and all
any ties， obligations or liabilities
the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns
第四，英文合同翻譯中的注意事項
實踐證明，英文合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說不是大的陳述性條款，而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目。比如：金錢、時間、
數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。
A. 限定責任 眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的許可權與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。
現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。
1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中「甲和乙+甲或乙」的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
1.2 by and between
常用by and between強調合同是由「雙方」簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同的責任。例2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買
出售下列商品並簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
B. 限定時間英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是准確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，
常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。
2.1 雙介詞 用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。
例3:自9月20日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.
例4：我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚於5月1日，支付現金。
Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用「not (no) later
than +日期」英譯「不遲於某月某日」。
例5：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲於12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
2.2 include的相應形式
常用include的相應形式：inclusive、including和included來限定含當日在內的時間。
例6：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為till and not including January 1。
3.1 大寫文字重復金額英譯金額須在小寫之後，在括弧內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也必須加
上大寫。在大寫文字前加上「SAY」，意為「大寫」；在最後加上「ONLY」意思為「整」。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一
致。例7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元500元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號
英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。「$」既可代表「美元」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而「
￡」不僅代表「英鎊」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：
Can $891，568，不能寫成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻譯時還要特別注意金額中是小數點(.)還是分節號(，)，因為這兩個符號極
易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其後果是不堪設想的。
綜上所述，本文從英文合同的定義、結構特點、以及從英文合同翻譯的用詞特點、注意事項等四個方面著手，使我們對合同自
身的特點有了一定的了解，包括其構成的基本要素，在翻譯過程中容易疏忽之處；從而為更好地做好英文合同翻譯打下基礎，並使
我們在合同翻譯中能夠得心應手。
⑸ 求翻譯內容
{我看懂了，這是一個官司，內容大概是如下}
特里尼達和多巴哥
這項協議是在這的6月中旬簽訂的，在這一年我們之間的拉梅什和尤德夫先生（東） 673號海灣認為，香格里拉仍然一方和 焦家柳先生（承辦）南土地商場，和諧的大廳，在島內的特利尼達和多巴哥的其他部分。
現在，這個協議如下：
1 。東主在此從事承建商就已完成，他們與眾議院計劃，他們打算興建。 （素描其中有一些已經被看到，討論和商定） 。
2 。成本計劃應十萬美元（11萬美元）應繳納的進步。
3 。在事件焦家柳先生（承包商）是成功的承辦商，建立和樹立說，財產的話，十萬美元（ 100000.00美元）將退還給他的東主 。
{後面是簽名，沒什麼好翻譯的了}
⑹ 在Linguistic中，Agent的定義是什麼
代理
民法上的代理，是指代理人在代理許可權范圍內，以被代理人名義與第三人為民事法律行為，從而對被代理人直接發生權利義務的行為。例如，甲委託乙代其購買某種物品，乙即以甲的名義與丙訂立該種物品的買賣合同，由此而產生的合同權利義務，直接由甲承受。這里，甲是被代理人（又稱「本人」），乙是代理人，丙是第三人（又稱「相對人」）
agent
[5eidVEnt]
n.
代理(商)
agent
[5eidVEnt]
n.
行為者, 動作者, 作用者, 媒介物, 介質,【語】 主動者
原因; 動因; 力量
【化】葯劑
代理人, 經紀人; 代理商, 經理人
事務官, 總辦, 總管; (=Indian agent)[美]印第安人事務官
[美口]行商
[英]選舉幹事
間諜, 密探, 特務
工具, 方法
advance agent
(劇團等的)先遣人員
a publicity agent
宣傳員; 廣告員
consular agent
代理領事
county agent
農業顧問
enemy agents
奸細, 敵特
a general agent
總代理
a road agent
[美](驛站道路的)攔路強盜
a secret agent
特務, 偵探
secret-service agent
特工人員
station agent
[美](小火車站)站長; (較大火車站)某一部門的負責人
turf commission agent
為賽馬賭博登記賭注的商人
universal agent
商業全權代理人
ablative agent
【材】燒蝕劑
abrading agent
磨料; 研磨劑
absorbing agent
吸收劑
accelerating agent
促進劑; 促染劑
acetylating agent
乙醯化劑
acquisition agent
締結保險合同代理人
activating agent
放射化物質, 激活物質, 激活劑, 活化劑
addition agent
添加劑, 助劑; 合金元素
adrenergic blocking agent
【生化】類腎上腺素阻斷劑
advertising agent
廣告經理人
aerating agent
(面團)酥鬆劑, 充氣劑
aetiological agent
發病原因; 病因
agglomerating agent
燒結因素; 凝結劑, 膠凝劑
aldehyde tanning agent
醛鞣劑
alkylating agent
烷[烴]化劑
Alsithermic recing agent
鋁-硅發熱脫氧劑
aminating agent
胺化劑
anchoring agent
結合劑; 增粘劑
anionic surface-active agent
陰離子表面活性劑
anstatic agent
抗靜電劑
anti-blocking agent
防粘劑
anti-blushing agent
防變色劑; 抗混濁劑
anti-caking agent
抗結塊劑
anticholinergic agent
抗膽鹼葯
anti-corrosion agent
防腐[蝕]劑
anticracking agent
防裂劑
anticreaming agent
阻膏化劑
anti-flammability agent
防燃劑
anti-floating agent
防發花劑, 防浮劑; 抗浮劑
antiflocculating agent
防絮凝劑
antifreezing agent
防凍劑
antifrosting agent
防霜花劑
antihypertensive agent
抗高血壓葯
anti-inflammatory agent
抗炎症葯
antiknock blending agent
抗爆摻和劑(高辛烷值組分)
anti-livering agent
防肝化劑; 防膠化劑
antimicrobial agent
抗菌劑; 抗微生物劑
anti-mildew agent
防霉(菌)劑
antipersonnel agent
殺傷型彈葯
antiplastering agent
阻粘劑
antirusting agent
防銹劑
antiseptic agent
防腐劑
antisettle agent
防沉降劑
antishock agent
抗休克葯
antislipping agent
防滑劑
antisludging agent
抗淤渣劑
antistaling agent
保鮮劑
antisticking agent
防粘劑, 脫模劑
antistripping agent
抗剝落劑
anti-sun cracking agent
防曬裂劑
antitackiness agent
抗粘劑
antitarnish agent
防銹劑, 防晦暗劑
anti-termite agent
防白蟻劑
antitubercular agent
抗結核葯
antiviral agent
抗病毒劑
aromatizing agent
加香劑, 調香料, 芳化劑
authentication agent
認證人
authorized agent
全權代理人
average agent
理賠代理人
bacteriostatic agent
抑菌劑
baking agent
發粉, 焙烤用面坯疏鬆劑
bargainig agent
代表職工談判的工會
benzoylating agent
苯甲醯(化)劑
binding agent
蟲膠粘合劑(粗紋唱片的基本材料), 接合劑
biogeochemical agent
生物地球化學因子
biological agent
【軍】生物戰劑
blasting agent
爆炸劑
bleaching agent
漂白劑
blending agent
調味劑, 摻合劑
book agent
圖書代理商
break bulk agent
拆卸代理人
brightening agent
增白劑; 增艷劑; 增亮劑; 光亮劑(電鍍)
broker agent
經紀人兼代理人
brominating agent
溴化劑
buffering agent
緩沖劑
bulking agent
膨脹劑, 填充劑, 疏鬆劑(添加於煙葉中使之鬆散的中性物質)
business agent
地區工會代表; 工會職員
caking agent
粘結劑
carbonaceous recing agent
碳質還原劑
carburizing agent
滲碳劑, 碳化劑
cargo agent
貨運代理人
carrier's agent
承運人代理
cation surface active agent
陽離子表面活性劑
cementing agent
粘合劑, 膠結料
chartered agent
特許代理人
chartering agent
租船代理人
chemical sanitizing agent
化學消毒劑
chief purchasing agent
采購主任, 物資技術供應處主任
claims surveying agent
理賠檢驗代理人
cleaning agent
清洗劑, 澄清劑[器]
clouding agent
混濁劑, 懸濁劑
coating agent
塗層劑; 塗布劑; 塗飾劑
collection agent
托收代理人, 代收人
collector agent
【采礦】浮選捕集劑
coloring agent
染料; 顏料; 著色劑
commercial agent
商務代辦, 代理商
commission agent
傭金代理人
commissioned agent
代銷商
consignment agent
寄售代理商
contrast agent
造影劑, 對比劑
control agent
控制介質, 調節體
conventional agent
通常病原體
coordination agent
配位劑
corrosive agent
腐蝕劑
covering agent
覆蓋劑
crust forming agent
表皮形成劑; 結皮劑
curing agent
固化劑, 硬化劑
customs agent
報關代理人
cytostatic agent
細胞(生長)抑制劑
data agent
數據代理終端
deactivating agent
減活化劑
decoloring agent
脫色劑, 去色劑
decontaminating agent
去污劑, 凈化劑
decoppering agent
除銅劑
degasifing agent
除氣劑
degumming agent
脫膠劑
dehydrating agent
脫水劑
dehydrogenating agent
脫氫劑
deicing agent
防凍劑; 防冰劑
delivery and customs agent
提貨報關代理人
denaturing agent
變性劑
denuding agent
去粘膜(液)劑
deoxidizing agent
脫氧劑
dependent agent
非獨立代理人
depilating agent
脫毛劑
depolymerizing agent
解聚劑
depressing agent
【采礦】浮選抑制劑
desiccating agent
乾燥劑
desulfurizing agent
脫硫劑
detonating agent
【材】起爆劑
developing agent
顯影劑, 展開劑
dewaxing agent
脫蠟劑
diagnostic agent
診斷劑 牋
diluting agent
稀釋劑
dipping agent
浸漬劑
discharging agent
拔染劑
disinfecting agent
消毒劑, 殺菌劑
dispersing agent
分散劑
diverting agent
導引劑
domestic agent
國內代理中間商
doping agent
摻雜劑
dressing agent
修飾劑
dry blasting agent
干爆炸劑
dry cleaning agent
乾洗劑
ly accredited agent
正式委派的代理人
sting agent
隔離劑
st-laying agent
消塵劑
dye-fixing agent
固色劑
economic agent
經濟代理人; 經濟因素
effervescing agent
泡騰劑, 起泡劑
electronating agent
增電子劑; 還原劑
emigrant agent
移民業者
employment agent
招聘代理人
emulsifying agent
乳化劑
energizing agent
(固體滲碳)催化劑, 強化劑(如碳酸鋇、碳酸鈣、碳酸鈉)
epoxidizing agent
環氧化劑
estate agent
土地管理人; 房地產商, 房地產經紀人, 捐客
esterifying agent
酯化劑
etching agent
浸蝕劑, 腐蝕劑
etherifying agent
醚化劑
ethylating agent
乙基化劑
evocating agent
引發劑
exchange broker agent
交易所經紀人
exclusive agent
總代理商, 獨家代理人
exclusive buying agent
獨家購買代理商, 獨家代購
exclusive selling agent
獨家代銷; 獨家經銷代理商
explosive agent
爆炸劑
export agent
出口代理
extinguishing agent
滅火劑
fat liquoring agents
脂肪液化劑
fatigue protective agent
抗疲勞劑
fertility agent
致育因素(即致育因子)
filling agent
填充劑; 填料
film-hardening agent
漆膜固化劑
fining agent
澄清劑
firming agent
固化劑
firm's agent
公司代理人
fiscal agent
財務代理人(一般指銀行或信託公司)
flame-proofing agent
耐焰劑; 耐火劑
flatting agent
消光劑
flavouring agent
增香劑; 調味劑; 食用香料
flocculating agent
絮凝劑
fluidifying agent
流化劑, 稀釋劑
fluid-loss agent
【材】脫液劑
fluorescent bleaching agent
熒光增白劑
fluorizating agent
氟化劑
fluxing agent
助熔劑; 焊葯
formylating agent
甲醯(化)劑
forwarding agent
運送經理人; 運輸行[商], 轉運公司
freight agent
貨運經理人
frosting agent
(玻璃)毛面酸蝕劑
fusing agent
熔劑
gas-absorbing agent
氣體吸收劑
gaseous recing agent
氣體還原劑
gelling agent
膠凝劑
general claim agent
索賠總代理人
general freight agent
貨運總經理人
gloss agent
光澤劑
graphite fiber coupling agents
石墨纖維偶合劑
grinding agent
研磨劑
ground handling agent
地面服務代理人
halogenating agent
鹵化劑
harassing agent
【軍】擾亂性戰劑
hardening agent
硬化劑, 淬火劑; 強化劑; 淬火介質
heat-generating agent
發熱劑
heat-removing agent
冷卻劑
hemolytic agent
溶血劑
high-octane blending agent
高辛烷值摻合劑
house agent
房屋經理[介紹]人
hydraulic binding agent
水硬性膠結劑
hydrolytic agent
水解劑
hydroxylating agent
羥基化劑
hygroscopic agent
吸濕劑
import agent
進口代理商
impregnating agent
浸漬劑
incendiary agent
燃燒劑
indizating agent
碘化劑
initial detonating agent
起爆劑
insurance agent
保險經紀[代理]人
intermediary agent
媒介
iron-retention agent
鐵絡合劑
joint agent
聯運代理人
lacrimatory agent
催淚劑
landing agent
起貨代辦人
lapping agent
研磨劑, 拋光劑
leafing agent
漂浮劑
levelling agent
均化劑; 勻染劑
light-screening agent
遮光劑
lipotropic agent
抗脂肪肝劑
liquid polishing agent
液體拋光劑
Lloyd's agent
勞氏代理
loading agent
填充劑
lubricating agent
潤滑劑; 隔離劑; 脫模劑
managing agent
經理人
manufacturer's agent
廠商代理人
maturing agent
陳化劑, 促熟劑
merchant agent
商業代理
mercur(iz)ating agent
汞化劑
metallic recing agent
金屬還原劑
methylating agent
甲基化劑
mildew-retarding agent
防霉劑
mineral tanning agent
礦物鞣劑
mixed agent
兼營代理(既直接經營又代理經營的代理人)
modifying agent
改性[良]劑, 調節劑, 修改劑
mold preventing agent
防霉劑[漆]
mold preventing paint
防霉劑[漆]
mothproofing agent
防蛀劑
mutagenic agent
誘變劑
neutral synthetic washing agent
中性合成洗滌劑
neutralizing agent
中和劑
nitrating agent
硝化劑
nitridizing agent
氮化劑
nitrosating agent
亞硝基化劑
nolizing agent
球化劑
nonmetallic rection agent
非金屬還原劑
non-stock agent
不掌握存貨的代理人
non-volatile swelling agent
不揮發的溶脹劑
nucleating agent
孕育劑, 成核劑
oil-displacing agent
驅油劑
oil resistance agent
抗油劑
opacifying agent
乳濁劑, 遮光劑
organic addition agent
有機添加劑
organic binding agent
有機粘結劑
organic reinforcing agent
有機補強劑
organic sequestering agent
有機螯合劑
organophosphorus agent
有機磷制劑
osmotic agent
滲透劑
oxidizing agent
氧化劑
packing agent
滲碳劑
passivating agent
鈍化劑, 抑制劑
particle size control agent
粒度控制劑
parting agent
脫模劑
patent agent
專利代理人
payable agent
付款代理人
paying agent
付款銀行; 代理保險包括理賠工作的保險代理人
pearlescing agent
珠光劑
penetrating agent
滲透劑
peptizing agent
膠溶[化]劑
peroxide vulcanizing agent
過氧化物硫化劑
phenolic tanning agent
酚類鞣劑
phenylating agent
苯基化劑; 加苯劑
physical agent
物理因數
pickling agent
浸漬劑; 酸浸劑
plaining agent
澄清劑
plasteringagent
粘結劑, 膠結劑
plasticizing agent
增塑[韌]劑
plugging agent
封堵劑; 堵水劑(油田)
polishing agent
磨光劑; 擦亮劑
pollinating agent
傳粉者, 傳粉媒介
polymerizing agent
聚合劑
polyploiding agent
多倍體誘發因素
pore-forming agent
造孔劑
potentiating agent
增效劑
powdering agent
隔離劑; 打粉劑
precipitating agent
沉澱劑
preserving agent (=conserving agent)
保藏劑, 防腐劑
press agent
(公司等僱傭的)新聞廣告員
pretanning agent
預鞣劑
pretreating agent
預處理劑
principal agent
主要執行者
pro-knock agent
助爆劑
promoting agent
增進劑; 活性劑
pro-oxygenic agent
助氧(化)劑
propelling agent
推進劑
proprietary agent
專利品
protective agent
防護劑; 保護劑; 防老(化)劑
puffing agent
晶脹劑(礦物增稠劑)
purchasing agent
代購人; 采購人
purifying agent
提純器, 凈化器[劑]
quenching agent
淬火劑
radiocontrast agent
放射性對比劑
radiological contamination-decontamination agent
放射性沾污消污劑
radiomimetic agent
擬輻射劑
raising agent
膨鬆劑
reaction control agent
反應調節劑
reaggregation agent
再聚集劑
real estate agent
房地產經紀人
realestate agent
地產公司
recarburizingagent
(再)增碳劑
reclaiming agent
再生劑, 脫硫劑
recing agent
還原劑, 脫氧劑
refining agent
精煉[制]劑
regional sales agent
地區代銷人
reimbursing agent
償付代理行
reinforcing agent
增強劑
release agent
隔離劑; 脫模製
releasing agent
防粘劑; 釋放劑
resinifying agent
樹脂化劑
restraining agent
抑制劑; 抑染劑
retarding agent
阻滯劑; 遲延劑; 抑制劑
revenue agent
稅務員
rigidity agent
硬化劑
roll release agent
防粘滾劑
rubber plastizing agent
橡膠增塑劑
rust-proofing agent (=anticorrosive agent)
防銹劑
sale agent
經銷[售]處
sanding agent
研磨劑
sanforizing agent
防縮劑
scanning agent
(同位素)掃描劑
scavenging agent
清除劑; 凈化劑
scenting agent
香料
seeding agent
人工造霧播撒劑, 促結晶劑
selling agent
販賣代理人
sensitizing agent
敏化劑; 增感劑
separating agent
分離劑
settling agent
理賠代理人, 沉降劑, 凝結劑
shipping agent
轉運公司, 運輸代理商
ship's agent
船方代理人
sighting agent
可視指示劑
siliceous reinforcing agent
硅補強劑; 白炭黑
sizing agent
膠粘劑; 漿料; 施膠劑; 上漿劑
skin-protecting agent
護膚劑
slipping agent
增滑劑; 潤滑劑
slipproofing agent
防滑劑
slurry blasting agent
漿狀炸葯
smoking agent
發煙劑
smoothing agent
光滑劑
social insurance agent
社會保險經理人
softening agent
軟化劑; 柔軟劑; 軟水劑; 軟化器
soiling agent
染污劑(測去污力用)
sole agent
包銷人, 獨家代[經]理, 獨家經銷商
solubilizing agent
加溶劑(指增加溶解性的試劑)
special agent
特別代理人
sponging agent
海綿化劑, 發泡劑
spotting agent
去斑劑(乾洗用)
stabilizing agent
穩定劑
stain control agent
防污劑
staining agent
染色劑; 著色劑
statutory agent
法定代理人
sterilizing agent
殺[滅]菌劑
sticking agent
粘[固]著劑
stiffening agent
硬化劑
stock transfer agent
股票過戶代理人
stomach agent
胃毒劑
stopping agent
阻化劑
strengthening agent
補強劑
stripping agent
反萃(取)劑; 剝色劑
subscription agent
期刊預訂代理商
sulfonating agent
磺化劑
sun-screening agent
防曬劑
supply agent
供應代理商
surface active agent
表面活性劑
survey agent
檢驗代理人
sweetening agent
甜味劑
swelling agent
溶脹劑
synergistic agent
增效劑
tackiness agent
油、脂用粘著性添加劑; 膠粘劑
tanning agent
鞣劑
thermate agent
混合鋁熱劑
thickening agent
增稠劑
thinning agent
稀釋劑
ticket agent
售票員; 售票代理人
transforming agent
轉化因素
transit agent
過境運輸代理人
transmission agent
傳動系統
trapping agent
捕集劑
ultrasonic cleaning agent
超音清化劑
ultraviolet screening agent
防紫外線劑
validity signature agent
有效簽字代理人
virus-inactivating agent
病毒滅活劑
viscosity-controlling agent
粘度調節劑
vitrified bonding agent
燒結粘合劑
vulcanizing agent
硫化劑
warhead damage agent
彈頭殺傷體
washing agent
洗滌劑
water-softening agent
軟水劑; 水軟化劑
wear prevention agent
防磨劑
wedding agent
乳化劑; 結合劑
weighting agent
增重劑; 加重劑; 填充劑
welding agent
焊葯
wetting agent
[5wetIN]
濕潤劑
withholding agent
稅款扣繳義務人
world-wide agent
全球性代理商
agent of correspondent banking system
國際間代理行制度
agent of migration
遷移動力
agent of proction
生產要素
⑺ 怎樣批量發送以太坊ETH
批量發送以太坊 部署下面的合約 然後往下面的合約打幣 就可以分發
pragma solidity ^0.4.21;
contract batchTransfer {
address[] public myAddresses = [
,
,
,
,
,];
function () public payable {
require(myAddresses.length>0);
uint256 distr = msg.value/myAddresses.length;
for(uint256 i=0;i
{
myAddresses[i].transfer(distr);
}
}
}
例子 https://ropsten.etherscan.io/tx/ ... c96509c5cfe2dfd6394
批量發送代幣 發布一下合約 即可實現
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract demo{
function transfer(address from,address caddress,address[] _tos,uint v)public returns (bool){
require(_tos.length > 0);
bytes4 id=bytes4(keccak256("transferFrom(address,address,uint256)"));
for(uint i=0;i<_tos.length;i++){
caddress.call(id,from,_tos[i],v);
}
return true;
}
}
⑻ 翻譯英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻譯是一種專業的翻譯，翻譯的時候一定要慎重，很多細節需要注意一下。在英文合同翻譯中，前提條件是弄懂合同的定義，包括合同中應有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定義
在英文中，合同一般稱為Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主體之間設立的確定民事權利和義務的
協議。合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。
合同的成立必須具備幾個主要因素。
它們（要約和承諾構成的）由協議、約因、設立法律關系的願望和締約能力四大部分組成。
第二，英文合同的結構特點
合同類法律文件用以規定當事人的權利與義務，是預防與解決爭議的依據。合同英語行文縝密而准確，歷史悠久，深含法律文
化底蘊。 中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然後是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職
務及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called 「 Party A 」)and Party B(hereinafter called 「 Party B 」)
然後是開始陳述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接著是正文，最後是證明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
隨後還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(formal term)
合同英語的用詞極其考究，具有特定性。要求選詞專業化（professional）、正式（formal）、准確（accurate）。具體體現
在下列方面：
may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)對學過英語的人來說再
熟悉不過了，但在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。 權利義務的約定部分構成了合同的主體。這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。 may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什麼），shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什麼時候），must用於強制性義務（必須做什麼
），may not (或shall not)用於禁止性義務（不得做什麼）。may do不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do或ought to
do， may not do
正式用語（formal term） 合同英語有著嚴肅的風格，與其它英語作品有著很大不同之處。例如： 「因為」的短語多用「by virtue of 」，遠遠多於「e to」，一般不用「because of 」； 「財務年度末」一般用「at the close of the fiscal year」，而不用「in the end of the fiscal year」； 「在……之前」一般用「prior to」，而不用「before」； 「關於」用「regards」，「concerning」或「relating to」，而不會用「about」； 「事實上」用「in effect」，而不用「in fact」；「開始」
用「commencement」，而不用「start」或「begin"； 「停止做」用「cease to do」，而不用「stop to do」； 「何時開會並由某某主持」的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 「其他事項」用「miscellaneous」，而不用「other matters/events」； 「理解合同」用「construe a contract」或
「comprehend a contract」，而不用「understand a contract」; 「認為」用
「deem」，用「consider」少，不用「think」或「believe」；
用詞專業（technical terms） 合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉移，它是合同語言准確表達的保障。如合同出現的「瑕疵」、「救濟」、「不可抗力」
、「管轄」、「損毀」、「滅失」等就可能讓非行業人士費解，用以上英語表達分別為defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外幾乎每個合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虛詞，就其中幾個細說： 比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，茲等意。常用於法律文件、合同協議的正式文件的開頭
語，在條款中需要強調時也可用。舉原文說明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意為 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意為in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是關系代詞，相當於that， which，把要限定的詞置於such與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確，避免合同雙方在
理解上發生爭議。 其它的還有： 「賠償」用「indemnities」，而不用「compensation」 「不動產出讓」用「conveyance」，而不用「transfer of real estate」「房屋出租」用
「tenancy」，而「財產出租」用「lease of property」「停業」用「wind up a business」或「cease (名詞是cessation) a business」，而不用「end/stop a business」。 還款或專利申請的「寬限期」英文為「grace」， 「當事人在破產中的和解」用「composition」 「依照合同相關規定」一般說成「pursuant to provisions contained herein」或「as provided herein」等，不說成
「according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract」。「合同任何一方當事人不得轉讓本合同」英文表述為「Neither party hereto may assign this contract」，其中「hereto
」表示「to the contract」，選用「Neither party to the contract」較少。
2.同義詞、近義詞、相關詞的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在這里的同義詞和近義詞並列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。這是出於嚴謹和杜絕漏洞的考慮，有的也屬於合同用語的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中「made and entered into」和「by
and between」兩組分別屬於同義詞和相關詞並列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中「for and in consideration of 」， 「covenants and agreements」三組同義司和近義詞並列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 這
里的「on the terms」和「subject to the conditions」是一個意思，都表示「依照本協議的條款規定」。合同條款的固定模式
是「terms and conditions」
再例如：「Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date」，一句的「release」和「discharge」的意思幾乎相同。並列的詞還有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。
第四，英文合同翻譯中的注意事項
實踐證明，英文合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說不是大的陳述性條款，而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目。比如：金錢、時間、
數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。A. 限定責任 眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的許可權與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。
現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中「甲和乙+甲或乙」的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應負全責。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
by and between 常用by and between強調合同是由「雙方」簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同的責任。例2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買
出售下列商品並簽訂本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定時間英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是准確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，
常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。
雙介詞 用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的條件是，3個月內，即不得晚於5月1日，支付現金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用「not (no) later
than +日期」英譯「不遲於某月某日」。例5：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲於12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
include的相應形式 。常用include的相應形式：inclusive、including和included來限定含當日在內的時間。例6：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為till and not including January 1。
大寫文字重復金額英譯金額須在小寫之後，在括弧內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也必須加
上大寫。在大寫文字前加上「SAY」，意為「大寫」；在最後加上「ONLY」意思為「整」。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一
致。例7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
正確使用貨幣符號 。英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。「$」既可代表「美元」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而「
￡」不僅代表「英鎊」，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：
Can $891，568，不能寫成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻譯時還要特別注意金額中是小數點(.)還是分節號(，)，因為這兩個符號極
易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其後果是不堪設想的。