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⑴ 急需!!英文图书出版合同哪位有
Publishing Contract
AGREEMENT
made this <<daynumber>> day of <<month>>, <<year>>
between <<Author's name>>, whose residence address is <<Author's address>> (hereinafter called the Author); and INDEX Books whose principal place of business is at Leiden, The Netherlands - email [email protected] (hereinafter called the Publisher);
WITNESSETH:
In consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties agree as follows:
1. GRANT
The author hereby grants and assigns to the Publisher the exclusive rights to publish in the English language in book form in all countries of the world, a Work now entitled <<Title of book>> (hereinafter called the Work), which title may be changed only by mutual consent in writing.
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
The Author represents that he is the sole proprietor of the Work and that the Work to the best of his knowledge does not contain any libelous matter and does not violate the civil rights of any person or persons, does not infringe any existing right and has not heretofore been published in book form. The Author shall hold harmless and indemnify the publisher from any recovery finally sustained by reason of any violations of right or other property of personal right; provided, however, that the Publisher shall with all reasonable promptness notify the Author of any claim or suit which may involve the warranties of the Author hereunder; and the Author agrees fully to cooperate in the defense thereof. The warranties contained in this article do not extend to drawings, illustrations, insofar as not furnished by the Author, or to any other material not furnished by the Author.
3. DELIVERY
The Author agrees to deliver to the publisher, a complete typewritten script as well as a complete electronic text of the Work in a format to be determined by the Publisher (hereinafter called the Script). If the Script shall not have been delivered within three (3) months after the date this agreement is signed the Publisher may, at its option, terminate this agreement by notice in writing posted or delivered to the Author.
4. PUBLICATION
The Publisher agrees to publish the Work in book form at its own expense at a catalogue retail price of not less than $60 per not later than twelve months after the delivery of the completed Work. In the event of delay from causes beyond the control of the Publisher, the publication date may be postponed accordingly, but not to exceed eighteen months from the delivery of the completed work.
5. COPYRIGHT
The Publisher, upon first publication of the Work, agrees ly to right it with the relevant authority in the Netherlands in the name of the Author, and to take all necessary steps to protect the right under the Universal Copyright Convention. The Author shall, upon the termination of the first term, make timely application for renewal of right under then existing right law and, provided this agreement shall then be in force and effect, the Author agrees to assign to the Publisher, for the renewal term of the right, the rights herein granted to the Publisher.
6. EDITING AND PROOFREADING
The Publisher shall make no changes in, additions to, or eliminations from the manuscript without the consent of the Author, and in order to obtain such consent, shall submit the -edited manuscript to the Author for his approval. The Author agrees to return such proof to the Publisher with his corrections within thirty (30) days of the receipt thereof by him. The cost of alterations required by the Author, other than corrections of typesetting errors, in excess of fifteen percent (15%) of the original cost of composition, shall be charged against the earnings of the Author under this agreement or shall, at the option of the Publisher, be paid by the Author in cash; provided, however, that the Publisher shall upon request promptly furnish to the Author an itemized statement of such additional expenses, and shall make available at the Publisher's office the corrected proof for inspection by the Author or his representatives.
7. ROYALTIES AND LICENSES
The Publisher shall pay to the Author or his ly authorized representatives, the following advances and royalties;
(a) A royalty of ten percent (10%) of the retail price thereof on all copies of the Work sold less returns.
(b) Fifty percent (50%) of the proceeds of any license granted to another Publisher to bring out a reprint edition of the Work.
(c) No royalties shall be payable of copies furnished to the Author or on copies for review, sample, or other similar purposes, or on copies destroyed.
The Author or his ly authorized representatives shall have the right upon written request to examine the books of account of the Publisher insofar as they relate to the Work and any other of the Author's works under contract to the Publisher. Such examination shall be at the cost of the Author unless errors of accounting amounting to five percent (5%) or more of the total sum paid to the Author shall be found to his disadvantage, in which case the cost shall be borne by the Publisher.
8. OVERPAYMENT
In all instances in which the Author shall have received an overpayment of monies under the terms hereof, the Publisher may dect such overpayment from any further sums payable to the Author in respect to the Work.
9. NOTIFICATION AND PAYMENT
The Publisher agrees promptly to advise the Author of the terms of any contracts entered into for any grant or license permitted under this agreement whenever the Author's share of the proceeds or royalty is one hundred dollars ($100.00) or more. Such contracts shall be made available by the Publisher to the Author or his representative at the office of the Publisher, and a thereof will be furnished the Author upon his written request. The Author's share of such proceeds or royalty shall be promptly paid to him upon receipt by the Publisher.
10. AUTHOR'S COPIES
The Author shall be permitted to purchase copies for his personal use at a discount of forty percent (40%) of the retail price.
11. STATEMENTS AND PAYMENTS
The Publisher agrees to render semi-annual statements on July 31 and January 31 in each year following the publication hereof, showing an account of sales and all other payments e hereunder to June 31 and December 31 preceding said respective accounting dates. Payment then e shall accompany such statements.
12. REVERSION AND TERMINATION
(a) At any time after two years from the date of first publication, but not before, the Publisher may on three months' notice in writing to the Author or his representative discontinue publication, and in that event this agreement shall terminate and all rights hereunder shall revert to the Author at the expiration of said three (3) month period.
(b) If the Publisher shall, ring the existence of this agreement, default in the delivery of semi-annual statements or in the making of payments as herein provided and shall neglect or refuse to deliver such statements or make such payments, or any of them, within thirty (30) days after written notice of such default, this agreement shall terminate at the expiration of such thirty (30) days without prejudice to the Author's claim for any monies which may have accrued under this agreement or to any other rights and remedies to which the Author may be entitled.
(c) If the Publisher shall fail to publish the Work within the period in Paragraph 4 provided, or otherwise fail to comply with or fulfill the terms and conditions hereof, or in the event of bankruptcy, etc., as in Paragraph 13 hereof provided, this agreement shall terminate and the rights herein granted to the Publisher shall revert to the Author. In such event all payments theretofore made to the Author shall belong to the Author without prejudice to any other remedies which the Author may have.
(d) Upon the termination of this agreement for any cause under this Article or Article 13 hereof, all rights granted to the Publisher shall revert to the Author for his use at any time and the Publisher shall return to the Author all property originally furnished by the Author.
13. BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY
If a petition in bankruptcy shall be filed by or against the Publisher, or if it shall be adjudged insolvent by any court, or if a Trustee or a Receiver of any property of the Publisher shall be appointed in any suit or proceeding by or against the Publisher, or if the Publisher shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors or shall take the benefit of any bankruptcy or insolvency Act, or if the Publisher shall liquidate its business for any cause whatsoever, this agreement shall terminate automatically without notice, and such termination shall be effective as of date of the filing of such petition, adjudication, appointment, assignment or declaration or commencement of reorganization or liquidation proceedings, and all rights granted hereunder shall thereupon revert to the Author.
14. RESERVED RIGHTS
All rights in the Work now existing, or which may hereafter come into existence, not specifically herein granted are reserved to the Author for his use at any time. Reserved publication rights include, but are not limited to, the right to publish or cause to be published in any form, excerpts, summaries of the Work, thereof, not to exceed seventy-five hundred (7,500) words in length.
15. ASSIGNMENT
No assignment of this contract, voluntary or by operation of law, shall be binding upon either of the parties without the written consent of the other; provided, however, that the Author may assign or transfer any monies e or to become e under this agreement.
16. ARBITRATION
Any controversy or claim arising out of this agreement or the breach thereof shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules then obtaining. Such arbitration shall be held in the City of Leiden unless otherwise agreed by the parties. The Author may, at his option, in the case of failure to pay royalties, refuse to arbitrate, and pursue his legal remedies.
17. NOTICES
Any written notice required under any of the provisions of this agreement shall be deemed to have been properly served by delivery in person or by mailing the same in paper or by electronic means to the parties hereto at the addresses set forth above, except as the addresses may be changed by notice in writing; provided, however, that notices of termination shall be sent by registered mail.
18. WAIVER
A waiver of any breach of this agreement or of any of the terms or conditions by either party thereto, shall not be deemed a waiver of any repetition of such breach or in any wise affect any other terms or conditions hereof; no waiver shall be valid or binding unless it shall be in writing, and signed by the parties.
19. INFRINGEMENT
If ring the existence of this agreement the right shall be infringed, the Publisher may, at its own cost and expense, take such legal action, in the Author's name if necessary, as may be required to restrain such infringement or to seek damages therefor. The Publisher shall not be liable to the Author for the Publisher's failure to take such legal steps. If the Publisher does not bring such an action, the Author may do so in his name at his own cost and expense. Money damages recovered for an infringement shall be applied first toward the repayment of the expense of bringing and maintaining the action, and thereafter the balance shall belong to the Author, provided, however, that any money damages recovered on account of a loss of the Publisher's profits shall be divided equally between the Author and the Publisher.
20. DOCUMENTS
If any of the rights granted to the Publisher revert to the Author, the Publisher shall execute all documents which may be necessary or appropriate to revest all such rights in the Author.
21. LAW
This agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the Netherlands and the European Union.
22. INHERITANCE
This agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of the Author, and upon and to the successors and assigns of the Publisher.
23. ALTERATION
This agreement may not be modified, altered or changed except by an instrument in writing signed by the Author and the Publisher.
24. APPROVAL
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained, the Publisher shall obtain the Author's written advance approval of any jacket or cover design, including the text thereof, to be used in connection with the Work, and of any contracts with third parties for the publication of the Work; which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.
X______________________________
X____________________________
AUTHOR
Witness for the Author
X______________________________
X____________________________
PUBLISHER
Witness for the Publisher
⑵ 翻译英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻译是一种专业的翻译，翻译的时候一定要慎重，很多细节需要注意一下。在英文合同翻译中，前提条件是弄懂合同的定义，包括合同中应有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定义
在英文中，合同一般称为Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的
协议。合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。
它们（要约和承诺构成的）由协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。
第二，英文合同的结构特点
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文缜密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文
化底蕴。 中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职
务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)然后是开始陈述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:接着是正文，最后是证明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻译的用词特点(formal term)
合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现
在下列方面：may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人来说再
熟悉不过了，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。 权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么
），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。may do不能说成can do，shall do，不能说成should do或ought to
do， may not do正式用语（formal term） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，与其它英语作品有着很大不同之处。例如： “因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ”，远远多于“e to”，一般不用“because of ”； “财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”； “关于”用“regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”； “事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；“开始”
用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin"； “停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”； “何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. “其他事项”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”； “理解合同”用“construe a contract”或
“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”; “认为”用
“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
用词专业（technical terms） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”
、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，用以上英语表达分别为defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虚词，就其中几个细说： 比如：1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头
语，在条款中需要强调时也可用。举原文说明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意为 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是关系代词，相当于that， which，把要限定的词置于such与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确，避免合同双方在
理解上发生争议。 其它的还有： “赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation” “不动产出让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。 还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文为“grace”， “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition” “依照合同相关规定”一般说成“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说成
“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto
”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。2.同义词、近义词、相关词的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by
and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这
里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思，都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式
是“terms and conditions”
再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句的“release”和“discharge”的意思几乎相同。并列的词还有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。第四，英文合同翻译中的注意事项
实践证明，英文合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说不是大的陈述性条款，而恰恰是一些关键的细目。比如：金钱、时间、
数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。A. 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。
现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.by and between 常用by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同的责任。例2：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买
出售下列商品并签订本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，
常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用“not (no) later
than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。例5：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.include的相应形式 。常用include的相应形式：inclusive、including和included来限定含当日在内的时间。例6：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为till and not including January 1。大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也必须加
上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一
致。例7：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).正确使用货币符号 。英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“
￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：
Can $891，568，不能写成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻译时还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(，)，因为这两个符号极
易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
⑶ 翻译英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻译是一种专业的翻译，翻译的时候一定要慎重，很多细节需要注意一下。在英文合同翻译中，前提条件是弄懂合同的定义，包括合同中应有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定义
在英文中，合同一般称为Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的
协议。合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。
合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。
它们（要约和承诺构成的）由协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。
第二，英文合同的结构特点
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文缜密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文
化底蕴。 中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职
务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)
然后是开始陈述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接着是正文，最后是证明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻译的用词特点(formal term)
合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现
在下列方面：
may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人来说再
熟悉不过了，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。 权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么
），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。may do不能说成can do，shall do，不能说成should do或ought to
do， may not do
正式用语（formal term） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，与其它英语作品有着很大不同之处。例如： “因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ”，远远多于“e to”，一般不用“because of ”； “财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”； “关于”用“regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”； “事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；“开始”
用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin"； “停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”； “何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. “其他事项”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”； “理解合同”用“construe a contract”或
“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”; “认为”用
“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
用词专业（technical terms） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”
、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，用以上英语表达分别为defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虚词，就其中几个细说： 比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头
语，在条款中需要强调时也可用。举原文说明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意为 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是关系代词，相当于that， which，把要限定的词置于such与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确，避免合同双方在
理解上发生争议。 其它的还有： “赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation” “不动产出让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”“房屋出租”用
“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。 还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文为“grace”， “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition” “依照合同相关规定”一般说成“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说成
“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto
”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
2.同义词、近义词、相关词的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by
and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这
里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思，都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式
是“terms and conditions”
再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句的“release”和“discharge”的意思几乎相同。并列的词还有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。
第四，英文合同翻译中的注意事项
实践证明，英文合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说不是大的陈述性条款，而恰恰是一些关键的细目。比如：金钱、时间、
数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。A. 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。
现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
by and between 常用by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同的责任。例2：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买
出售下列商品并签订本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，
常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用“not (no) later
than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。例5：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
include的相应形式 。常用include的相应形式：inclusive、including和included来限定含当日在内的时间。例6：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为till and not including January 1。
大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也必须加
上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一
致。例7：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
正确使用货币符号 。英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“
￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：
Can $891，568，不能写成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻译时还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(，)，因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
希望采纳哦！
⑷ 翻译英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些呢我第一次翻译合同不太会啊，求有经验的人帮忙解答！
合同翻译是一种专业的翻译，翻译的时候一定要慎重，很多细节需要注意一下。你可以找专业的合同翻译公司---语美多翻译公司，帮助你翻译这些合同文件。一下是翻译英文合同注意的一些事项，你可以看下。
在英文合同翻译中，前提条件是弄懂合同的定义，包括合同中应有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定义
1.在英文中，合同一般称为Contract或者Agreement。
1999年中国《合同法》第二条将contract定义为：A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing，
modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing， that is， between
natural persons， legal persons or other organizations”。根据这一定义，合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的
协议。
Steven H. Gifts编著的“Law Dictionary”中将contract 定义为“Contract is a promise，or a set of promises，for
breach of which the law gives remedy，or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a ty.”根
据这一定义，合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。
2. 合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。
它们（要约和承诺构成的）由协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。
L.B Curzon编著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”
1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance (要约和绝对接受)
2. consensus ad idem (意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)
3. intention to create legal relations (建立合同关系的意愿)
4. genuineness of consent (同意的真实性)
5. contractual capacity of the parties (合同当事人的缔约能力)
6. legality of object(标的物的合法性)
7. possibility of performance (履行的可能性)
8. certainty of terms(条款的确定性)
9. valuable consideration(等价有偿)
第二，英文合同的结构特点
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文缜密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文
化底蕴。
中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职
务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)
然后是开始陈述：
WHEREAS...THEREFORE
... It is hereby agreed as follows:
或以：
WITNESSETH， WHEREAS...
NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接着是正文，最后是证明部分：
IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻译的用词特点(formal term)
合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现
在下列方面：
1． may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人来说再
熟悉不过了，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。
权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。
may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么
），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。may do不能说成can do，shall do，不能说成should do或ought to
do， may not do，在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not)，例如，在约定解决争议的途径
时，可以说：
The parties here to shall， first of all， settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract
by friendly negotiations.
Should such negotiations fail， such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on
such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of
agreement reached after such dispute occurs.
本句中的shall和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定”，如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权
利，用选择性约定may也很妥当。如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样？前半句的shall换用may后，意思变成了当事人可以通过协商
解决，意思上说得过去，但后半句的may换用shall后，变成了应当诉讼解决，好像一出事，就要先见官，这就有些不友好了。
本句可译：双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议
发生后未就仲裁达成共识的，可将争议提交给有管辖权的人民法院解决。
2．正式用语（formal term）
合同英语有着严肃的风格，与其它英语作品有着很大不同之处。
例如：
“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ”，远远多于“e to”，一般不用“because of ”；
“财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”；
“在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；
“关于”常用“as regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”；
“事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；
“开始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”；
“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；
“何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.
“其他事项”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”；
“理解合同”用“construe a contract”或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”;
“认为”用“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
3.用词专业（technical terms）
合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”
、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，用以上英语表达分别为defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虚词，就其中几个细说：
比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头
语，在条款中需要强调时也可用。举原文说明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中：
★hereby意为 by reason of this，特此的意思。
★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。
★ such...as是关系代词，相当于that， which，把要限定的词置于such与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确，避免合同双方在
理解上发生争议。
其它的还有：
“赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation”
“不动产转让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”
“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”
“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。
还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文为“grace”，
“当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”
“依照合同相关规定”一般说成“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说成
“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。
“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto
”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
4．同义词、近义词、相关词的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如：
This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by
and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。
The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这
里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思，都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式
是“terms and conditions”
再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句中的
“release”和“discharge”的意思几乎相同。
并列的词还有：
ships and vessels
support and maintenance
licenses and permits
charges， fees， costs and expenses
any and all
any ties， obligations or liabilities
the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns
第四，英文合同翻译中的注意事项
实践证明，英文合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说不是大的陈述性条款，而恰恰是一些关键的细目。比如：金钱、时间、
数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
A. 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。
现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
1.2 by and between
常用by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同的责任。例2：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买
出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
B. 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，
常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
2.1 双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例3:自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.
例4：我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用“not (no) later
than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例5：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
2.2 include的相应形式
常用include的相应形式：inclusive、including和included来限定含当日在内的时间。
例6：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为till and not including January 1。
3.1 大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也必须加
上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一
致。例7：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.2. 正确使用货币符号
英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“
￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：
Can $891，568，不能写成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻译时还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(，)，因为这两个符号极
易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
综上所述，本文从英文合同的定义、结构特点、以及从英文合同翻译的用词特点、注意事项等四个方面着手，使我们对合同自
身的特点有了一定的了解，包括其构成的基本要素，在翻译过程中容易疏忽之处；从而为更好地做好英文合同翻译打下基础，并使
我们在合同翻译中能够得心应手。
⑸ 求翻译内容
{我看懂了，这是一个官司，内容大概是如下}
特里尼达和多巴哥
这项协议是在这的6月中旬签订的，在这一年我们之间的拉梅什和尤德夫先生（东） 673号海湾认为，香格里拉仍然一方和 焦家柳先生（承办）南土地商场，和谐的大厅，在岛内的特利尼达和多巴哥的其他部分。
现在，这个协议如下：
1 。东主在此从事承建商就已完成，他们与众议院计划，他们打算兴建。 （素描其中有一些已经被看到，讨论和商定） 。
2 。成本计划应十万美元（11万美元）应缴纳的进步。
3 。在事件焦家柳先生（承包商）是成功的承办商，建立和树立说，财产的话，十万美元（ 100000.00美元）将退还给他的东主 。
{后面是签名，没什么好翻译的了}
⑹ 在Linguistic中，Agent的定义是什么
代理
民法上的代理，是指代理人在代理权限范围内，以被代理人名义与第三人为民事法律行为，从而对被代理人直接发生权利义务的行为。例如，甲委托乙代其购买某种物品，乙即以甲的名义与丙订立该种物品的买卖合同，由此而产生的合同权利义务，直接由甲承受。这里，甲是被代理人（又称“本人”），乙是代理人，丙是第三人（又称“相对人”）
agent
[5eidVEnt]
n.
代理(商)
agent
[5eidVEnt]
n.
行为者, 动作者, 作用者, 媒介物, 介质,【语】 主动者
原因; 动因; 力量
【化】药剂
代理人, 经纪人; 代理商, 经理人
事务官, 总办, 总管; (=Indian agent)[美]印第安人事务官
[美口]行商
[英]选举干事
间谍, 密探, 特务
工具, 方法
advance agent
(剧团等的)先遣人员
a publicity agent
宣传员; 广告员
consular agent
代理领事
county agent
农业顾问
enemy agents
奸细, 敌特
a general agent
总代理
a road agent
[美](驿站道路的)拦路强盗
a secret agent
特务, 侦探
secret-service agent
特工人员
station agent
[美](小火车站)站长; (较大火车站)某一部门的负责人
turf commission agent
为赛马赌博登记赌注的商人
universal agent
商业全权代理人
ablative agent
【材】烧蚀剂
abrading agent
磨料; 研磨剂
absorbing agent
吸收剂
accelerating agent
促进剂; 促染剂
acetylating agent
乙酰化剂
acquisition agent
缔结保险合同代理人
activating agent
放射化物质, 激活物质, 激活剂, 活化剂
addition agent
添加剂, 助剂; 合金元素
adrenergic blocking agent
【生化】类肾上腺素阻断剂
advertising agent
广告经理人
aerating agent
(面团)酥松剂, 充气剂
aetiological agent
发病原因; 病因
agglomerating agent
烧结因素; 凝结剂, 胶凝剂
aldehyde tanning agent
醛鞣剂
alkylating agent
烷[烃]化剂
Alsithermic recing agent
铝-硅发热脱氧剂
aminating agent
胺化剂
anchoring agent
结合剂; 增粘剂
anionic surface-active agent
阴离子表面活性剂
anstatic agent
抗静电剂
anti-blocking agent
防粘剂
anti-blushing agent
防变色剂; 抗混浊剂
anti-caking agent
抗结块剂
anticholinergic agent
抗胆碱药
anti-corrosion agent
防腐[蚀]剂
anticracking agent
防裂剂
anticreaming agent
阻膏化剂
anti-flammability agent
防燃剂
anti-floating agent
防发花剂, 防浮剂; 抗浮剂
antiflocculating agent
防絮凝剂
antifreezing agent
防冻剂
antifrosting agent
防霜花剂
antihypertensive agent
抗高血压药
anti-inflammatory agent
抗炎症药
antiknock blending agent
抗爆掺和剂(高辛烷值组分)
anti-livering agent
防肝化剂; 防胶化剂
antimicrobial agent
抗菌剂; 抗微生物剂
anti-mildew agent
防霉(菌)剂
antipersonnel agent
杀伤型弹药
antiplastering agent
阻粘剂
antirusting agent
防锈剂
antiseptic agent
防腐剂
antisettle agent
防沉降剂
antishock agent
抗休克药
antislipping agent
防滑剂
antisludging agent
抗淤渣剂
antistaling agent
保鲜剂
antisticking agent
防粘剂, 脱模剂
antistripping agent
抗剥落剂
anti-sun cracking agent
防晒裂剂
antitackiness agent
抗粘剂
antitarnish agent
防锈剂, 防晦暗剂
anti-termite agent
防白蚁剂
antitubercular agent
抗结核药
antiviral agent
抗病毒剂
aromatizing agent
加香剂, 调香料, 芳化剂
authentication agent
认证人
authorized agent
全权代理人
average agent
理赔代理人
bacteriostatic agent
抑菌剂
baking agent
发粉, 焙烤用面坯疏松剂
bargainig agent
代表职工谈判的工会
benzoylating agent
苯甲酰(化)剂
binding agent
虫胶粘合剂(粗纹唱片的基本材料), 接合剂
biogeochemical agent
生物地球化学因子
biological agent
【军】生物战剂
blasting agent
爆炸剂
bleaching agent
漂白剂
blending agent
调味剂, 掺合剂
book agent
图书代理商
break bulk agent
拆卸代理人
brightening agent
增白剂; 增艳剂; 增亮剂; 光亮剂(电镀)
broker agent
经纪人兼代理人
brominating agent
溴化剂
buffering agent
缓冲剂
bulking agent
膨胀剂, 填充剂, 疏松剂(添加于烟叶中使之松散的中性物质)
business agent
地区工会代表; 工会职员
caking agent
粘结剂
carbonaceous recing agent
碳质还原剂
carburizing agent
渗碳剂, 碳化剂
cargo agent
货运代理人
carrier's agent
承运人代理
cation surface active agent
阳离子表面活性剂
cementing agent
粘合剂, 胶结料
chartered agent
特许代理人
chartering agent
租船代理人
chemical sanitizing agent
化学消毒剂
chief purchasing agent
采购主任, 物资技术供应处主任
claims surveying agent
理赔检验代理人
cleaning agent
清洗剂, 澄清剂[器]
clouding agent
混浊剂, 悬浊剂
coating agent
涂层剂; 涂布剂; 涂饰剂
collection agent
托收代理人, 代收人
collector agent
【采矿】浮选捕集剂
coloring agent
染料; 颜料; 着色剂
commercial agent
商务代办, 代理商
commission agent
佣金代理人
commissioned agent
代销商
consignment agent
寄售代理商
contrast agent
造影剂, 对比剂
control agent
控制介质, 调节体
conventional agent
通常病原体
coordination agent
配位剂
corrosive agent
腐蚀剂
covering agent
覆盖剂
crust forming agent
表皮形成剂; 结皮剂
curing agent
固化剂, 硬化剂
customs agent
报关代理人
cytostatic agent
细胞(生长)抑制剂
data agent
数据代理终端
deactivating agent
减活化剂
decoloring agent
脱色剂, 去色剂
decontaminating agent
去污剂, 净化剂
decoppering agent
除铜剂
degasifing agent
除气剂
degumming agent
脱胶剂
dehydrating agent
脱水剂
dehydrogenating agent
脱氢剂
deicing agent
防冻剂; 防冰剂
delivery and customs agent
提货报关代理人
denaturing agent
变性剂
denuding agent
去粘膜(液)剂
deoxidizing agent
脱氧剂
dependent agent
非独立代理人
depilating agent
脱毛剂
depolymerizing agent
解聚剂
depressing agent
【采矿】浮选抑制剂
desiccating agent
干燥剂
desulfurizing agent
脱硫剂
detonating agent
【材】起爆剂
developing agent
显影剂, 展开剂
dewaxing agent
脱蜡剂
diagnostic agent
诊断剂 牋
diluting agent
稀释剂
dipping agent
浸渍剂
discharging agent
拔染剂
disinfecting agent
消毒剂, 杀菌剂
dispersing agent
分散剂
diverting agent
导引剂
domestic agent
国内代理中间商
doping agent
掺杂剂
dressing agent
修饰剂
dry blasting agent
干爆炸剂
dry cleaning agent
干洗剂
ly accredited agent
正式委派的代理人
sting agent
隔离剂
st-laying agent
消尘剂
dye-fixing agent
固色剂
economic agent
经济代理人; 经济因素
effervescing agent
泡腾剂, 起泡剂
electronating agent
增电子剂; 还原剂
emigrant agent
移民业者
employment agent
招聘代理人
emulsifying agent
乳化剂
energizing agent
(固体渗碳)催化剂, 强化剂(如碳酸钡、碳酸钙、碳酸钠)
epoxidizing agent
环氧化剂
estate agent
土地管理人; 房地产商, 房地产经纪人, 捐客
esterifying agent
酯化剂
etching agent
浸蚀剂, 腐蚀剂
etherifying agent
醚化剂
ethylating agent
乙基化剂
evocating agent
引发剂
exchange broker agent
交易所经纪人
exclusive agent
总代理商, 独家代理人
exclusive buying agent
独家购买代理商, 独家代购
exclusive selling agent
独家代销; 独家经销代理商
explosive agent
爆炸剂
export agent
出口代理
extinguishing agent
灭火剂
fat liquoring agents
脂肪液化剂
fatigue protective agent
抗疲劳剂
fertility agent
致育因素(即致育因子)
filling agent
填充剂; 填料
film-hardening agent
漆膜固化剂
fining agent
澄清剂
firming agent
固化剂
firm's agent
公司代理人
fiscal agent
财务代理人(一般指银行或信托公司)
flame-proofing agent
耐焰剂; 耐火剂
flatting agent
消光剂
flavouring agent
增香剂; 调味剂; 食用香料
flocculating agent
絮凝剂
fluidifying agent
流化剂, 稀释剂
fluid-loss agent
【材】脱液剂
fluorescent bleaching agent
荧光增白剂
fluorizating agent
氟化剂
fluxing agent
助熔剂; 焊药
formylating agent
甲酰(化)剂
forwarding agent
运送经理人; 运输行[商], 转运公司
freight agent
货运经理人
frosting agent
(玻璃)毛面酸蚀剂
fusing agent
熔剂
gas-absorbing agent
气体吸收剂
gaseous recing agent
气体还原剂
gelling agent
胶凝剂
general claim agent
索赔总代理人
general freight agent
货运总经理人
gloss agent
光泽剂
graphite fiber coupling agents
石墨纤维偶合剂
grinding agent
研磨剂
ground handling agent
地面服务代理人
halogenating agent
卤化剂
harassing agent
【军】扰乱性战剂
hardening agent
硬化剂, 淬火剂; 强化剂; 淬火介质
heat-generating agent
发热剂
heat-removing agent
冷却剂
hemolytic agent
溶血剂
high-octane blending agent
高辛烷值掺合剂
house agent
房屋经理[介绍]人
hydraulic binding agent
水硬性胶结剂
hydrolytic agent
水解剂
hydroxylating agent
羟基化剂
hygroscopic agent
吸湿剂
import agent
进口代理商
impregnating agent
浸渍剂
incendiary agent
燃烧剂
indizating agent
碘化剂
initial detonating agent
起爆剂
insurance agent
保险经纪[代理]人
intermediary agent
媒介
iron-retention agent
铁络合剂
joint agent
联运代理人
lacrimatory agent
催泪剂
landing agent
起货代办人
lapping agent
研磨剂, 抛光剂
leafing agent
漂浮剂
levelling agent
均化剂; 匀染剂
light-screening agent
遮光剂
lipotropic agent
抗脂肪肝剂
liquid polishing agent
液体抛光剂
Lloyd's agent
劳氏代理
loading agent
填充剂
lubricating agent
润滑剂; 隔离剂; 脱模剂
managing agent
经理人
manufacturer's agent
厂商代理人
maturing agent
陈化剂, 促熟剂
merchant agent
商业代理
mercur(iz)ating agent
汞化剂
metallic recing agent
金属还原剂
methylating agent
甲基化剂
mildew-retarding agent
防霉剂
mineral tanning agent
矿物鞣剂
mixed agent
兼营代理(既直接经营又代理经营的代理人)
modifying agent
改性[良]剂, 调节剂, 修改剂
mold preventing agent
防霉剂[漆]
mold preventing paint
防霉剂[漆]
mothproofing agent
防蛀剂
mutagenic agent
诱变剂
neutral synthetic washing agent
中性合成洗涤剂
neutralizing agent
中和剂
nitrating agent
硝化剂
nitridizing agent
氮化剂
nitrosating agent
亚硝基化剂
nolizing agent
球化剂
nonmetallic rection agent
非金属还原剂
non-stock agent
不掌握存货的代理人
non-volatile swelling agent
不挥发的溶胀剂
nucleating agent
孕育剂, 成核剂
oil-displacing agent
驱油剂
oil resistance agent
抗油剂
opacifying agent
乳浊剂, 遮光剂
organic addition agent
有机添加剂
organic binding agent
有机粘结剂
organic reinforcing agent
有机补强剂
organic sequestering agent
有机螯合剂
organophosphorus agent
有机磷制剂
osmotic agent
渗透剂
oxidizing agent
氧化剂
packing agent
渗碳剂
passivating agent
钝化剂, 抑制剂
particle size control agent
粒度控制剂
parting agent
脱模剂
patent agent
专利代理人
payable agent
付款代理人
paying agent
付款银行; 代理保险包括理赔工作的保险代理人
pearlescing agent
珠光剂
penetrating agent
渗透剂
peptizing agent
胶溶[化]剂
peroxide vulcanizing agent
过氧化物硫化剂
phenolic tanning agent
酚类鞣剂
phenylating agent
苯基化剂; 加苯剂
physical agent
物理因数
pickling agent
浸渍剂; 酸浸剂
plaining agent
澄清剂
plasteringagent
粘结剂, 胶结剂
plasticizing agent
增塑[韧]剂
plugging agent
封堵剂; 堵水剂(油田)
polishing agent
磨光剂; 擦亮剂
pollinating agent
传粉者, 传粉媒介
polymerizing agent
聚合剂
polyploiding agent
多倍体诱发因素
pore-forming agent
造孔剂
potentiating agent
增效剂
powdering agent
隔离剂; 打粉剂
precipitating agent
沉淀剂
preserving agent (=conserving agent)
保藏剂, 防腐剂
press agent
(公司等雇佣的)新闻广告员
pretanning agent
预鞣剂
pretreating agent
预处理剂
principal agent
主要执行者
pro-knock agent
助爆剂
promoting agent
增进剂; 活性剂
pro-oxygenic agent
助氧(化)剂
propelling agent
推进剂
proprietary agent
专利品
protective agent
防护剂; 保护剂; 防老(化)剂
puffing agent
晶胀剂(矿物增稠剂)
purchasing agent
代购人; 采购人
purifying agent
提纯器, 净化器[剂]
quenching agent
淬火剂
radiocontrast agent
放射性对比剂
radiological contamination-decontamination agent
放射性沾污消污剂
radiomimetic agent
拟辐射剂
raising agent
膨松剂
reaction control agent
反应调节剂
reaggregation agent
再聚集剂
real estate agent
房地产经纪人
realestate agent
地产公司
recarburizingagent
(再)增碳剂
reclaiming agent
再生剂, 脱硫剂
recing agent
还原剂, 脱氧剂
refining agent
精炼[制]剂
regional sales agent
地区代销人
reimbursing agent
偿付代理行
reinforcing agent
增强剂
release agent
隔离剂; 脱模制
releasing agent
防粘剂; 释放剂
resinifying agent
树脂化剂
restraining agent
抑制剂; 抑染剂
retarding agent
阻滞剂; 迟延剂; 抑制剂
revenue agent
税务员
rigidity agent
硬化剂
roll release agent
防粘滚剂
rubber plastizing agent
橡胶增塑剂
rust-proofing agent (=anticorrosive agent)
防锈剂
sale agent
经销[售]处
sanding agent
研磨剂
sanforizing agent
防缩剂
scanning agent
(同位素)扫描剂
scavenging agent
清除剂; 净化剂
scenting agent
香料
seeding agent
人工造雾播撒剂, 促结晶剂
selling agent
贩卖代理人
sensitizing agent
敏化剂; 增感剂
separating agent
分离剂
settling agent
理赔代理人, 沉降剂, 凝结剂
shipping agent
转运公司, 运输代理商
ship's agent
船方代理人
sighting agent
可视指示剂
siliceous reinforcing agent
硅补强剂; 白炭黑
sizing agent
胶粘剂; 浆料; 施胶剂; 上浆剂
skin-protecting agent
护肤剂
slipping agent
增滑剂; 润滑剂
slipproofing agent
防滑剂
slurry blasting agent
浆状炸药
smoking agent
发烟剂
smoothing agent
光滑剂
social insurance agent
社会保险经理人
softening agent
软化剂; 柔软剂; 软水剂; 软化器
soiling agent
染污剂(测去污力用)
sole agent
包销人, 独家代[经]理, 独家经销商
solubilizing agent
加溶剂(指增加溶解性的试剂)
special agent
特别代理人
sponging agent
海绵化剂, 发泡剂
spotting agent
去斑剂(干洗用)
stabilizing agent
稳定剂
stain control agent
防污剂
staining agent
染色剂; 着色剂
statutory agent
法定代理人
sterilizing agent
杀[灭]菌剂
sticking agent
粘[固]着剂
stiffening agent
硬化剂
stock transfer agent
股票过户代理人
stomach agent
胃毒剂
stopping agent
阻化剂
strengthening agent
补强剂
stripping agent
反萃(取)剂; 剥色剂
subscription agent
期刊预订代理商
sulfonating agent
磺化剂
sun-screening agent
防晒剂
supply agent
供应代理商
surface active agent
表面活性剂
survey agent
检验代理人
sweetening agent
甜味剂
swelling agent
溶胀剂
synergistic agent
增效剂
tackiness agent
油、脂用粘着性添加剂; 胶粘剂
tanning agent
鞣剂
thermate agent
混合铝热剂
thickening agent
增稠剂
thinning agent
稀释剂
ticket agent
售票员; 售票代理人
transforming agent
转化因素
transit agent
过境运输代理人
transmission agent
传动系统
trapping agent
捕集剂
ultrasonic cleaning agent
超音清化剂
ultraviolet screening agent
防紫外线剂
validity signature agent
有效签字代理人
virus-inactivating agent
病毒灭活剂
viscosity-controlling agent
粘度调节剂
vitrified bonding agent
烧结粘合剂
vulcanizing agent
硫化剂
warhead damage agent
弹头杀伤体
washing agent
洗涤剂
water-softening agent
软水剂; 水软化剂
wear prevention agent
防磨剂
wedding agent
乳化剂; 结合剂
weighting agent
增重剂; 加重剂; 填充剂
welding agent
焊药
wetting agent
[5wetIN]
湿润剂
withholding agent
税款扣缴义务人
world-wide agent
全球性代理商
agent of correspondent banking system
国际间代理行制度
agent of migration
迁移动力
agent of proction
生产要素
⑺ 怎样批量发送以太坊ETH
批量发送以太坊 部署下面的合约 然后往下面的合约打币 就可以分发
pragma solidity ^0.4.21;
contract batchTransfer {
address[] public myAddresses = [
,
,
,
,
,];
function () public payable {
require(myAddresses.length>0);
uint256 distr = msg.value/myAddresses.length;
for(uint256 i=0;i
{
myAddresses[i].transfer(distr);
}
}
}
例子 https://ropsten.etherscan.io/tx/ ... c96509c5cfe2dfd6394
批量发送代币 发布一下合约 即可实现
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract demo{
function transfer(address from,address caddress,address[] _tos,uint v)public returns (bool){
require(_tos.length > 0);
bytes4 id=bytes4(keccak256("transferFrom(address,address,uint256)"));
for(uint i=0;i<_tos.length;i++){
caddress.call(id,from,_tos[i],v);
}
return true;
}
}
⑻ 翻译英文合同需要注意的地方有哪些
合同翻译是一种专业的翻译，翻译的时候一定要慎重，很多细节需要注意一下。在英文合同翻译中，前提条件是弄懂合同的定义，包括合同中应有的基本要素。
第一，英文合同的定义
在英文中，合同一般称为Contract或者Agreement。合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的
协议。合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。
合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。
它们（要约和承诺构成的）由协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。
第二，英文合同的结构特点
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文缜密而准确，历史悠久，深含法律文
化底蕴。 中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职
务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between
Party A (hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)
然后是开始陈述： WHEREAS...THEREFORE ... It is hereby agreed as follows或以： WITNESSETH， WHEREAS... NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties
hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接着是正文，最后是证明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。签字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻译的用词特点(formal term)
合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。具体体现
在下列方面：
may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人来说再
熟悉不过了，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。 权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么
），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。may do不能说成can do，shall do，不能说成should do或ought to
do， may not do
正式用语（formal term） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，与其它英语作品有着很大不同之处。例如： “因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ”，远远多于“e to”，一般不用“because of ”； “财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”； “关于”用“regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”； “事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；“开始”
用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin"； “停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”； “何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. “其他事项”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”； “理解合同”用“construe a contract”或
“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”; “认为”用
“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
用词专业（technical terms） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、“救济”、“不可抗力”
、“管辖”、“损毁”、“灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解，用以上英语表达分别为defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of
God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas，
in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虚词，就其中几个细说： 比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头
语，在条款中需要强调时也可用。举原文说明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration
of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other
sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the
Contract. 文中： ★hereby意为 by reason of this，特此的意思。 ★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。 ★ such...as是关系代词，相当于that， which，把要限定的词置于such与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确，避免合同双方在
理解上发生争议。 其它的还有： “赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation” “不动产出让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”“房屋出租”用
“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property”“停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。 还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文为“grace”， “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition” “依照合同相关规定”一般说成“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说成
“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto
”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
2.同义词、近义词、相关词的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right，
tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a
of which is annexed hereto.
在这里的同义词和近义词并列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里
十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如： This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by
and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and
agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这
里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思，都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式
是“terms and conditions”
再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句的“release”和“discharge”的意思几乎相同。并列的词还有： ships and vessels ，support and maintenance ，licenses and permits ，charges， fees， costs and expenses， any and all ，any ties， obligations or liabilities ，the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns 。
第四，英文合同翻译中的注意事项
实践证明，英文合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说不是大的陈述性条款，而恰恰是一些关键的细目。比如：金钱、时间、
数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。A. 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。
现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
by and between 常用by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同的责任。例2：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买
出售下列商品并签订本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller
agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. B. 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，
常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。 例3:自9月20日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例4：我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用“not (no) later
than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。例5：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than
December 15.
include的相应形式 。常用include的相应形式：inclusive、including和included来限定含当日在内的时间。例6：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and
including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为till and not including January 1。
大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也必须加
上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一
致。例7：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
正确使用货币符号 。英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“
￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：
Can $891，568，不能写成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻译时还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(，)，因为这两个符号极
易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。