虛擬貨幣dent
❶ 急 關於英語的語法問題
一.one和ones都用於泛指,ones是one的復數形式,二者都用來避免重復。有時二者前有冠詞和形容詞。不定冠詞a和an表示數量「一」,a/an…one仍表示泛指。One用來代替前面提到的可數名詞單數或a/an + adj +可數名詞單數,ones用來代替前面提到的可數名詞復數。二者前有定冠詞the時,均表示泛指,且the one,the ones後面常有定語修飾,他們和前面提到的名詞是同類異物的關系。
1.I lost my pen yesterday. I will buy one.(one 代a pen)
2.Your question is a difficult one.(one代question)
3.I do not like green apples. I like red ones.(one 代apples)
4.The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(one 代film,後有從句I saw yesterday修飾)
5.The knife and fork that one closest to your plate one a little bit bigger than the ones beside them.(ones代 pairs of knifes and forks,後有介詞短語beside them修飾)
二.that代替前面提到的「the+不可數名詞」也可代替前面提到的「the+可數名詞單數」(「the+可數名詞單數」用the one來代替更為常見)。that和 the one表示特指,後面常有定語修飾,他們和前面提到的名詞是同類異物關系。That還可用作主語代前面整個句子內容。
1.The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代 the weather,後有介詞短語in Tianjin修飾)
2.The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代 the book,後有從句 I bought last week修飾)
3.I had a bad cold. That is why I did not come.(that代 I had a bad cold)
三.it
1. 代替前面出現的單數可數名詞,指同一物,即原物。
I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it 代my pen)
2. 指代上文做某動作的人,可指代名詞的單數和復數。
——Who is knocking at the door?
——It is me.(it代 the person who is knocking at the door)
3. 代前面提到的某個事情、某種情況、某個動作以避免重復,可以代動詞不定式短語、名詞短語和形容詞等。
1) She saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. She was so surprised that she could not move. She wanted to watch it.(it 代a wall of water)
2) She is very stubborn though she does not look it.(it代形容詞 stubborn)
3) You can come to visit us any time you feel like it.(it代 come to visit us)
4. 在have (聲稱),take(認為),hate(討厭),hide(隱瞞),appreciate(感激)和depend on等後作形式賓語,代後面的賓語從句或不定式短語。
1).I hate it in summer when it is hot.
2)I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with my English.
3)They will have it that they are correct.
4)You may depend on it that they will support you.
5)Could you tell me whose job you made it to keep the gate?
(it 代to keep the gate)
5. 常用作賓語,代替前面整個句子內容。
1) Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it?
2) They say he has left town,but I do not believe it.
四.those代前面出現的可數名詞復數,避免重復,且表示特指,後有定語修飾,可與the ones 通用。
The houses of the rich are generally larger than/those/the ones of the poor.
配套練習題:
1.——He was nearly drowned once.
——When was-………?
——………..was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (2002春招)
A. that;It B. this;This C. this;It D. that;This
2.The Parkers bought a new house but………will need a lot of work before they moved in.(NMET 2001)
A. they B . it C. one D which
3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,……….I will always treasure.(NMET2002)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
4.——Why do not we take a little break?
——Did not we just have………..?(NMET2000)
A. it B that C. one D. this
5.Few pleasure can equal…………of a cold drink on a hot day.(NMET1999)
A. some B. any C. that D. those
6.I hope there are enough glasses for each quest to have………..
A it B .those C. them D. one
7.I hate……….when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)
A. it B. that C .these D. them
8.——Are you satisfied with her answer?
——Not at all. It could not be……….
A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worse one D. the better one
9.-Do you like _ here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(NMET2004)
A. this B. these C. that D. it
10.How do you find………to learn English?
A. that B. this C. / D. it
11.Jake passed all his examinations;……….pleased his parents.
A. who B. it C. which D. all of them
12.The shirt is too small, I am afraid. Would you please show me……..one?
A. bigger B. the bigger C. a bigger D. a biggest
13.——Did you find your pen just now?
——No,I did not find…….,but I have bought……..
A. one ;it B it; one C. it; that D it; it
14.——Who are singing ?
——……. the children .
A .That』s B. This is C. It』s D. You are
15. Our teacher had told him again and again not to read such books, but _ didn』t help .
A. he B. they C. she D .it
16.The articles made of leather cost much more than ……..made of plastic.
A. that B. those C. it D. ones
17. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected……….to be much better.
A. that B .this C. one D. it
18. Is this problem……..the teacher explained last weak?
A . the one B. one C. which D. that
19. No bread eaten by the man is so sweat as ……..earned by his own labour.
A. one B. that C. what D. those
20.We will go for a walk if you feel like………..
A. that B. the one C. it D. those
21. We would much appreciate………if you could do us the favour.
A. that B. you C. yourself D. it
22.Do not start a book unless you can see from the first pages that it is…….you can easily read and understand.
A. that B. one C. the one D. a one
23.Mr. Smith gave the tickets for tomorrows concert to all the workers except……..who had already taken them.
A. the others B. ones C. some D. the ones
24.Now that the new desks have been bought,………will you do with these old………?
A. how; ones B. what; those C. how; those D. what; ones
25.I like…….in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
26----Do you have my pen, Mary?
----Yes, I have _____right here.
.A. one B. it C. this D. that
27.A bridge made of stone is much stronger than ______ made of wood.
A. one B. that C. it D. the one
28.----I should like to have a try.
-----You will find ________quite interesting.
A. one B. it C. the one D. which
29.We have no time to do the job. _______is our trouble.
A. Which B. It C. That D. The one
30. -----Mary went to college last year.
-----I have never heard of _________.
A. it B. her C. which D. the one
(1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.D7.A8.A9D10.D11.B12.C13.B14C15.D16.B17.D18.A19.B20.C21.D22
❷ 求好的英語語法書
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位於系動詞如be之後,說明主語身份,特徵,屬性或狀態。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。 補充:從句介紹
從句是指用於復合句中擔當某個句子成分的主謂結構。雖說從句自身的句子結構是完整的, 但是它不能視為獨立的句子,因為它離開了主語就無法獨立、完整地表達意思。按其所能表達的意義而言,它相當於一個詞或是一個片語.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (狀語從句)許多人在家裡是邊看電視邊談話,所以他們認為在電影院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主語從句) 他來與不來對我都一樣。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(賓語從句)什麼是貨幣以及怎樣計量貨幣經濟學家之間存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表語從句)中國不是它過去的樣子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位語從句)有沒有什麼證據說明植物性食品不同於動物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定語從句) 稅款是人們支持政府而交的錢。 如果將上面的復合句中所有的從句都獨立出來,那將是這樣的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their government 我們很容易看出,上面的所有這些句子既不是陳述句、疑問句,也不是祁使句,更不是感嘆句。也就是說,它們不是獨立的句子;也只有在附屬於主句後才能獲得意義如下:1)因為許多人在家裡是邊看電視邊談話 2)他來與不來 3)什麼是貨幣以及怎樣計量貨幣 4)它過去的樣子5)植物性食品不同於動物性食品6)人們支持政府而交的上面的這些句子在我們中文裡如同是人們常說的"半截話";在英文中也就是個"詞或片語"了。 B. 我們雖然說過,從句自身的句子結構基本是完整的,但是它不同於"獨立句子"的是--每個從句的最前面都好象"戴了頂帽子"即:從屬關系詞。由此可以看出,從句的另一個特點是:從屬關系詞總是立於從句之首. C. 從句的再一個特點是:一般說來(除少數倒裝的情況外),從句中的語序應該是正常語序。 D. 關於從句種類的劃分有兩種方法:按從句的詞性劃分和按從句的句子功能劃分。如果按從句的詞性劃分,從句可分為三種:名詞從句、形容詞從句和副詞從句。如果按從句的句子功能劃分(也就是按從句在句子中所擔任的成分來劃分),從句可分為:主語從句、賓語從句、 表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。其實,這兩種劃分從句的方法在邏輯上是一致的.我們知道,能在句子里充當主語、賓語、表語和同位語的往往是名詞、代詞等,所以名詞從句涵蓋了主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。形容詞和副詞常分別在句中擔當定語和狀語,所以,形容詞從句和副詞從句其實分別是定語從句和狀語從句。 名詞從句名詞從句在句中是一個相當於名詞的主謂結構。我們在前面說過,名詞從句含蓋了主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。連接這些從句與主句的關系詞主要有三類: 1.從屬連詞:that(無有詞義) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.關系代詞:who(誰,主格) , whom(誰,賓格),whose誰的,所有格) , what(什麼),which(哪個,哪些) 3.關系副詞:when(什麼時候) where(什麼地方)why(為什麼) , how(怎樣) 名詞從句中的從屬連詞在從句里不擔任任何成分,只起連接的作用;而關系代詞和關系副詞不僅僅是起連接的作用,而且還在從句里擔任一定的成分;關系代詞常在從句中擔任主語、賓語或表語等成分;關系副詞常在從句中擔任狀語。另外,在使用上面的這些關系詞時,有幾個問題值得我們注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情況. 1)引導主語從句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正確)我們是否要為這個項目還沒有定下來。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正確) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(錯誤) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (錯誤) 2)作介詞的賓語,例如: I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正確)我不知道我是否能為買車籌措到資金。 I have no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (錯誤) 3)後接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正確)他不知道是他自己先去還是在這兒等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (錯誤) 4)後接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正確) 我們擔心他們會不會准時到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (錯誤)其次,what引導的名詞從句表達的意思是"……所……的"。這個"所怎麼的"定義根據"從句謂語的動作意義"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所說的話。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤於練習。 Money is what she is really after.金錢是她所真正追求的東西。 People have different ideas about what happiness means . 人們對於幸福的含義有不同見解。最後,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用於表示強調,意為"無論……"。也就是說: whatever = no matter what(無論什麼) whoever = no matter who(無論誰) whichever = no matter which(無論那個) whenever =no matter when (無論何時) wherever = no matter where(無論何地) however = no matter how (無論怎樣) A 主語從句用作主語的主謂結構稱之為主語從句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否會來依然是一個問題。 Whoever says that is not allowed .無論誰這樣說都是不允許的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗讀英文對提高她的英語學習起了很大的作用。 要點提示在使用主語從句中,有幾個問題值得我們注意: 1)盡管主從連詞that在主語從句中沒有任何意義,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .這幢樓里沒有電梯是極大的不便之處。 It is necessary (that) he have his further study incollege.(當主語從句在後面時,連詞that可以省去)他在大學進一步深造是完全必要的。 2)為了保持句子平衡或在正式文體中,常用先行It代替主語從句而將主語從句置於句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否會來,依然是一個問題。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 無論誰這樣說都是不允許的。 3)在It + be +形容詞/ 名詞 + that從句的結構中,由於某些形容詞/ 名詞的原因,that從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬式。這類形容詞/ 名詞常見的有: essential(絕對必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能夠的), imperative(必須的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遺憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(適當的), urgent(緊急的), ty(義務、責任), a pity (遺憾), no wonder(難怪), a regret(遺憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然會這樣說,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然會這樣想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should have passed the exam. 他這次考試居然會及格,真是個奇跡。 4)以what引導的主語從句常用於句首表示強調。 What they need now is financial aid . 他們現在所需要的是經濟援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎麼樣看我,對我來說無所謂。 What you have said hurt her a lot .你所說的話對她傷害很大。 B 賓語從句用作謂語動詞、介詞以及非謂語動詞形式的賓語的主謂結構稱之為賓語從句。也就是說,只要是用一個主謂結構去充當賓語,那麼這個主謂結構就稱為賓語從句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作謂語動詞的賓語)我相信,他一定會在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介詞的賓語)她對他們說的話,一笑置之。 要點提示在使用賓語從句中,有幾個問題值得我們注意: 1)賓語從句與主句的時態一致性問題這種一致性的要求,只有當主句的謂語動詞用於"過去時區"的時候才存在。凡是在"過去時區"內的各種不同時態都在其中。另外,這種一致性只要求賓語從句的謂語動詞也用於"過去時區"即可,至於用什麼樣具體的時態就要依從句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾經告訴我說,他會在某個時候參加俱樂部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我記得我曾在哪兒見過他。 She thought that she would have finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她認為在那個月底她將完成她手頭上做的事。 2)if引導的賓語從句不能作介詞的賓語,而只有用whether引導才行。這一點在上面剛剛講過.(略) 3)某些動詞後面,賓語從句的謂語要求用虛擬式。這一點已在"虛擬語氣"一章中討論過了,本章只作簡單的復習。這類要求賓語從句的謂語用虛擬式的動詞,常見的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(堅持), order(命令), propose(提議), recommend(推薦), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建議),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提議擬定一個執行計劃的期限。 C 表語從句在句子中擔當表語的主謂結構稱之為表語從句。它常位於句中聯系動詞或是起聯系動詞作用的動詞之後.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 問題是我們可以在哪兒舉行會議。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都進行得很順利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的溫度低於所需要的溫度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的東西。 D 同位語從句同位語從句就是在句子中擔當同位語的主謂結構.在使用同位語從句時要特別注意:盡管主從連詞that在同位語從句中沒有任何意義,但卻不能省略。另外,同位語從句常用於下面這些名詞的後面(其中,斜體字的名詞後面所接的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣): fact(事實), fear(擔心、害怕), belief(信念,意見), evidence(證據), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新聞), doubt(懷疑), suggestion(建議), motion(動議), proposal(提議), order(命令), recommendation(推薦),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息說一個美國代表團將於明天下午抵達北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何證據可以說明植物性的食物不同於動物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我們都知道這樣一個事實:把要記憶的材料組織起來有助於記憶。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建議我們在英語晚會上演一個劇,你覺得怎麼樣?
❸ 英語句子的成分
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位於系動詞如be之後,說明主語身份,特徵,屬性或狀態。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
補充:從句介紹
從句是指用於復合句中擔當某個句子成分的主謂結構。雖說從句自身的句子結構是完整的, 但是它不能視為獨立的句子,因為它離開了主語就無法獨立、完整地表達意思。按其所能表達的意義而言,它相當於一個詞或是一個片語.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (狀語從句)許多人在家裡是邊看電視邊談話,所以他們認為在電影院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主語從句) 他來與不來對我都一樣。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(賓語從句)什麼是貨幣以及怎樣計量貨幣經濟學家之間存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表語從句)中國不是它過去的樣子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位語從句)有沒有什麼證據說明植物性食品不同於動物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定語從句) 稅款是人們支持政府而交的錢。 如果將上面的復合句中所有的從句都獨立出來,那將是這樣的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their government 我們很容易看出,上面的所有這些句子既不是陳述句、疑問句,也不是祁使句,更不是感嘆句。也就是說,它們不是獨立的句子;也只有在附屬於主句後才能獲得意義如下:1)因為許多人在家裡是邊看電視邊談話 2)他來與不來 3)什麼是貨幣以及怎樣計量貨幣 4)它過去的樣子5)植物性食品不同於動物性食品6)人們支持政府而交的上面的這些句子在我們中文裡如同是人們常說的"半截話";在英文中也就是個"詞或片語"了。 B. 我們雖然說過,從句自身的句子結構基本是完整的,但是它不同於"獨立句子"的是--每個從句的最前面都好象"戴了頂帽子"即:從屬關系詞。由此可以看出,從句的另一個特點是:從屬關系詞總是立於從句之首. C. 從句的再一個特點是:一般說來(除少數倒裝的情況外),從句中的語序應該是正常語序。 D. 關於從句種類的劃分有兩種方法:按從句的詞性劃分和按從句的句子功能劃分。如果按從句的詞性劃分,從句可分為三種:名詞從句、形容詞從句和副詞從句。如果按從句的句子功能劃分(也就是按從句在句子中所擔任的成分來劃分),從句可分為:主語從句、賓語從句、 表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。其實,這兩種劃分從句的方法在邏輯上是一致的.我們知道,能在句子里充當主語、賓語、表語和同位語的往往是名詞、代詞等,所以名詞從句涵蓋了主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。形容詞和副詞常分別在句中擔當定語和狀語,所以,形容詞從句和副詞從句其實分別是定語從句和狀語從句。 名詞從句名詞從句在句中是一個相當於名詞的主謂結構。我們在前面說過,名詞從句含蓋了主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。連接這些從句與主句的關系詞主要有三類: 1.從屬連詞:that(無有詞義) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.關系代詞:who(誰,主格) , whom(誰,賓格),whose誰的,所有格) , what(什麼),which(哪個,哪些) 3.關系副詞:when(什麼時候) where(什麼地方)why(為什麼) , how(怎樣) 名詞從句中的從屬連詞在從句里不擔任任何成分,只起連接的作用;而關系代詞和關系副詞不僅僅是起連接的作用,而且還在從句里擔任一定的成分;關系代詞常在從句中擔任主語、賓語或表語等成分;關系副詞常在從句中擔任狀語。另外,在使用上面的這些關系詞時,有幾個問題值得我們注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情況. 1)引導主語從句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正確)我們是否要為這個項目還沒有定下來。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正確) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(錯誤) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (錯誤) 2)作介詞的賓語,例如: I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正確)我不知道我是否能為買車籌措到資金。 I have no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (錯誤) 3)後接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正確)他不知道是他自己先去還是在這兒等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (錯誤) 4)後接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正確) 我們擔心他們會不會准時到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (錯誤)其次,what引導的名詞從句表達的意思是"……所……的"。這個"所怎麼的"定義根據"從句謂語的動作意義"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所說的話。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤於練習。 Money is what she is really after.金錢是她所真正追求的東西。 People have different ideas about what happiness means . 人們對於幸福的含義有不同見解。最後,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用於表示強調,意為"無論……"。也就是說: whatever = no matter what(無論什麼) whoever = no matter who(無論誰) whichever = no matter which(無論那個) whenever =no matter when (無論何時) wherever = no matter where(無論何地) however = no matter how (無論怎樣) A 主語從句用作主語的主謂結構稱之為主語從句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否會來依然是一個問題。 Whoever says that is not allowed .無論誰這樣說都是不允許的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗讀英文對提高她的英語學習起了很大的作用。 要點提示在使用主語從句中,有幾個問題值得我們注意: 1)盡管主從連詞that在主語從句中沒有任何意義,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .這幢樓里沒有電梯是極大的不便之處。 It is necessary (that) he have his further study incollege.(當主語從句在後面時,連詞that可以省去)他在大學進一步深造是完全必要的。 2)為了保持句子平衡或在正式文體中,常用先行It代替主語從句而將主語從句置於句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否會來,依然是一個問題。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 無論誰這樣說都是不允許的。 3)在It + be +形容詞/ 名詞 + that從句的結構中,由於某些形容詞/ 名詞的原因,that從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬式。這類形容詞/ 名詞常見的有: essential(絕對必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能夠的), imperative(必須的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遺憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(適當的), urgent(緊急的), ty(義務、責任), a pity (遺憾), no wonder(難怪), a regret(遺憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然會這樣說,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然會這樣想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should have passed the exam. 他這次考試居然會及格,真是個奇跡。 4)以what引導的主語從句常用於句首表示強調。 What they need now is financial aid . 他們現在所需要的是經濟援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎麼樣看我,對我來說無所謂。 What you have said hurt her a lot .你所說的話對她傷害很大。 B 賓語從句用作謂語動詞、介詞以及非謂語動詞形式的賓語的主謂結構稱之為賓語從句。也就是說,只要是用一個主謂結構去充當賓語,那麼這個主謂結構就稱為賓語從句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作謂語動詞的賓語)我相信,他一定會在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介詞的賓語)她對他們說的話,一笑置之。 要點提示在使用賓語從句中,有幾個問題值得我們注意: 1)賓語從句與主句的時態一致性問題這種一致性的要求,只有當主句的謂語動詞用於"過去時區"的時候才存在。凡是在"過去時區"內的各種不同時態都在其中。另外,這種一致性只要求賓語從句的謂語動詞也用於"過去時區"即可,至於用什麼樣具體的時態就要依從句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾經告訴我說,他會在某個時候參加俱樂部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我記得我曾在哪兒見過他。 She thought that she would have finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她認為在那個月底她將完成她手頭上做的事。 2)if引導的賓語從句不能作介詞的賓語,而只有用whether引導才行。這一點在上面剛剛講過.(略) 3)某些動詞後面,賓語從句的謂語要求用虛擬式。這一點已在"虛擬語氣"一章中討論過了,本章只作簡單的復習。這類要求賓語從句的謂語用虛擬式的動詞,常見的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(堅持), order(命令), propose(提議), recommend(推薦), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建議),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提議擬定一個執行計劃的期限。 C 表語從句在句子中擔當表語的主謂結構稱之為表語從句。它常位於句中聯系動詞或是起聯系動詞作用的動詞之後.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 問題是我們可以在哪兒舉行會議。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都進行得很順利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的溫度低於所需要的溫度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的東西。 D 同位語從句同位語從句就是在句子中擔當同位語的主謂結構.在使用同位語從句時要特別注意:盡管主從連詞that在同位語從句中沒有任何意義,但卻不能省略。另外,同位語從句常用於下面這些名詞的後面(其中,斜體字的名詞後面所接的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣): fact(事實), fear(擔心、害怕), belief(信念,意見), evidence(證據), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新聞), doubt(懷疑), suggestion(建議), motion(動議), proposal(提議), order(命令), recommendation(推薦),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息說一個美國代表團將於明天下午抵達北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何證據可以說明植物性的食物不同於動物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我們都知道這樣一個事實:把要記憶的材料組織起來有助於記憶。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建議我們在英語晚會上演一個劇,你覺得怎麼樣?
❹ 英語的問題
寫多了你肯定煩,所以簡略的說說,關鍵要看書的。現在畢業了才發現,書是個好東西。。
簡單的說,方便你理解,主語就是動作的發出者。
所謂的謂語指得是動作的發出者所發出的動作。例如I beat you.
上句中的謂語就是BEAT。
當然還有一種情況就是I AM FINE.
這句中的謂語是動詞be,也就是am.
當然也是牽扯到了英語句子里的句式結構。最最簡單的兩種:主語+謂語+賓語(第一個例子)主語+系動詞(be)+表語(第二個例子)
動詞不定式指的是TO+動詞的形式,可以在句中做賓語(動作的承受者)等等
當然也有例外,有些動詞後面不跟TO+動詞的形式,把to省略掉。這種叫不帶to的動詞不定式。實際上接的是動詞後面加了原形。
建議你看看《薄冰英語語法》,講的很多,但很詳細。像這種集大成者一般都會用最通俗的語言說明的。
加油。。。。
恩???本來我是樓上的怎麼成樓下的了???應chwenye要求補充一下吧。謝謝支持。
feel,listen to, hear, let, make, have see, look at,watch, notice等動詞,後面不定式作賓補時省略to。
也是人們常說的:一感覺二聽三讓四看。
一個表示感覺的詞—feel;
兩個表示聽—hear,listen to;
三個表示讓—let, make, have;
四個表示看—see,look at,watch,notice。
加油!!!
❺ 英語各種從句的句子結構
復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
主語:是一句的主體,是全句述說的對象,常用名詞,數詞或代詞擔任,一般放於句首
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
❻ 英語中句子成分的劃分,越詳細越好!謝謝了!
句子的組成部分,包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、同位語七種 主語是句子敘述的主體,可由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句等來承擔。 謂語說明主語所發出的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。謂語由動詞來承擔。 賓語是動作的對象或承受者,常位於及物動詞或介詞後面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔任。 主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分,除少數句子(如祈使句和感嘆句等)外,一句話必須同時具有主語和謂語所表達的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的,是一句話的主題,謂語用來說明主語的情況,為主語提供信息。例如:They are working.主語是they(他們),那麼他們在做什麼呢?看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下,英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致,也就是說主語在前,謂語緊跟其後。那麼,哪些詞語可以做主語,謂語,何時主謂倒置,主語與謂語的一致情況如何,我將一一講述。
主語
哪些詞可以充當主語 1,名詞 例如: A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to the USA』s example. 2,代詞 例如: It』s a young forest. I don』t know if it will grow. That』s a bit expensive. You』d better buy a new pair. I』m afraid we haven』t got any black shoes. 3,數詞 例如:One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4,不定式 (常以 It』s adj. to do sth. 形式出現) 例如: To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep. It』s glad to see you again. It was difficult to see. But it』s good to swim in summer. 5,IT 作主語,有如下情況: 1)指代剛剛提到的事物:What』s this ? It』s a bus. (指代what) 2)指代一個你不知道或判斷不清性別的人:Who』s knocking the door? It』s me. (指代 who) Who』s the baby in the picture? It』s my sister. (指代 who) 3) 表示時間,天氣,距離: What』s the time? It』s eight o』clock. (時間) What』s it going to be tomorrow? It』s going to be rainy.(天氣) How far is it? It』s about one kilometre away. (距離) 6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作謂語,主語位居其後。如: There are many different kinds of mooncakes. There will be a strong wind.
謂語
謂語有動詞構成,依據其在句中繁簡程度可把謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語兩類。不論何種時態,語態,語氣,凡由一個動詞(或動詞片語)構成的謂語都是簡單謂語。例如: I like walking.(一般現在時主動語態) I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過去時主動語態) It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般現在時被動語態) 復合謂語也可分為兩種情況: 第一種是由情態動詞,助動詞+不帶to的動詞不定式構成的復合謂語: What does this word mean? I won』t do it again. I』ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. You』d better catch a bus. 第二種是由連系動詞+表語構成的復合謂語。例如: You look the same. We are all here. The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. Keep quite and listen to me. He looked worried. We have to be up early in the moming. Is Bill in? School Is over. Let』s go home. My pen is in my bag. I feel terrible. I* fell tried all the time. He seemed rather tired last night. 連系動詞和表語在意思上緊密聯系,不宜分割;有關動詞的種類這方面知識在課本中已有介紹,此處不多說了。
賓語
賓語是謂語動作所涉及的對象,它是動作的承受者,賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔任,賓語一般放在謂語動詞後面。 I saw a cat in the tree. 我看見樹上有一隻貓。 I want to go shopping. 我想去買東西。 He said he could be here. 他說他會來的。 We think you are right. 我們認為你是對的。 有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語,其中一個賓語多指人,另一個賓語指物,指人的賓語叫做間接賓語,指物的賓語叫做直接賓語,可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面,如果強調直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面, 但間接賓語前須加"to"。 My father bought me a book. 我父親給我買了一本書。 Give the rubber to me. 把橡皮給我。 Please give the letter to XiaoLi. 請把這封信給小李。 有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外,還需要加上賓語補足語,否則意思不完整,它們一起構成復合賓語,復合賓語中賓語和後面的賓語補足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關系,這也是判斷是兩個賓語還是復合賓語的依據,賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔任。 We all call him LaoWang. 我們都叫他老王。 Please color it red. 請給它塗上紅顏色。 We found the little girl in the hill. 我們在山上找到了小女孩。
定語
用於描述名詞,代詞,短語或從句的性質,特徵范圍等情況的詞叫做定語,定語可以由名詞,形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞,短語擔任。如果定語是單個詞,定語放在被修飾詞的前面,如果是片語,定語放在被修飾詞的後面。 That is a beautiful flower. 那是一朵漂亮的花。 The TV set made in that factory is very good. 那個工廠生產的電視機很好。 This is my book,not your book. 這是我的書,不是你的書。 There are more than twenty trees in our school. 我們學校里有二十多棵樹。 I have a lot of things to do. 我有好多要做的事情。 Our country is a developing country. 我們的國家是一個發展中的國家。
狀語
1、說明事物發生的時間,地點,原因,目的,結果方式,條件或伴隨情況,程度等情況的詞叫狀語。 2、狀語的功用:狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。 3、狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短語來擔當。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等 A、副詞一般在句子中做狀語. He speaks English very well. 他英語說得非常好. He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地點狀語. B、不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語。 I come specially to see you.我專門來看你. C、介詞短語 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. D、從句作狀語 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. E、分詞作狀語 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
補語
英語中補語的作用對象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。 1、主語的補語 它用在系動詞後,是句子的一個基本成分。常用主-系-表結構。 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們在一起,至少,至少我認為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語) 2.. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶? -- Me. --我。 (me做主語補語= It's me.) 3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主語補語) 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。 2、賓語的補語 1.不定式(to do) Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。 We made him the sentence. He is made to the sentence. I felt my hands tremble. 2.名詞 At the meeting we elected him monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 3.形容詞 What you said made Xiao Wang angry. I found the classroom empty 4.副詞 Please call the students back at once. He was seen to take his cap off. 5.現在分詞 We hear him singing in the hall. I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 6.過去分詞 He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard it spoken of in the next room.
表語
表語是用來說明主語的性質,身份,特徵和狀態。表語須和連系動詞一起構成句子的復合謂語。表語一般放在系動詞之後。表語可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔任。 These desks are yellow. 這些桌子是黃色的。 I am all right. 我沒事。 We are happy now. 我們現在很幸福。 It's over. 時間到了。 She is ten. 她十歲了。 My work is teaching English, 我的工作是教英語。 The dictionary is in the bag. 詞典在書包里邊。 My question is how you knew him. 我的問題是你如何認識他的。
同位語
當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時,一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分,前者就叫做後者的同位語(appositive).這兩個句子成分多由名詞(代詞)擔任,同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞(代詞)之後。 This is Miss Chen, our English teacher. 這是陳小姐,我們的英語老師。 My parents both are teacher. We all like sports.
❼ 英語語法
動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性
動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語,雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語,其形式如下:
主動形式 被動形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made ( not) to have been made
進行式 (not) to be making (not)to have been making
(1)語態
如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)
在There be結構中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)